Ubuzima
Umutegetsi Tutankhamon yamenyekanye kubera ko yahagaritse ivugurura ry'umutegetsi wabanjirije Ehnaton. Ariko gukingura imva ze byahindutse ibyabaye mubyukuri mumateka yubucukumbuke, gikingura umwenda wamayobera yubuzima bwe. Uyu munsi, Tutankhamon afatwa nk'umwe mubantu bazwi cyane mumico ya kera yo muri Egiputa.Ubuzima n'amateka
Tutankacton Hekaunushchea Nechaprore - Farawo wo muri Egiputa Ya kera Kuva ku Ingoma ya 18 y'Ubwami bushya, bwiganjemo 1332-1323 kugeza ibihe byacu. Yazanywe mu mwuka w'umuco w'izuba rya aton, ariko amaze gukuraho izina Tutankhamam.
Byemezwa ko ari we wanyuma w'ingoma, ifite itumanaho rifitanye isano n'uwabanjirije. Kubera ko nta makuru y'ukuri yari afite yerekeye inkomoko, abanya egyptologue bashyize imbere hypothese ebyiri. Bamwe bemeza ko Tutankhamo yari umuhungu wa EHHANThon kuva ku mugore wa kabiri KIE. Abandi umuhungu wa Amenotep wa III na murumuna wa Ehhnton.
Tutankhamon azajya ku ntebe y'ubwami, afite imyaka 8-9. Ku munsi w'ukuri, Inama y'Ubutegetsi yanyuze mu barezi babiri kandi irakodesha - Aee na Horamheebu. Iya mbere yafatwaga nk'ikibuga cy'ikirenga, ariko iyobowe na Tutankhamon abaye umutambyi wa Amoni. Iya kabiri yari imbata, ntabwo yanyuzwe no kuba, kubera politiki y'abanyamerika, Ehnaton Egiputa yatakaje uburasirazuba bwa Mediterane.
Mbere, Aeie na Hobyeb babonaga ko ari abasangirangendo ba Ehnatton. Ariko nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwahoze ari Farawo, inyigisho zose zahemukiye Anathema, ni ukuvuga, bagerageje gutsemba. Umurwa mukuru wa Farawo Ehnthon warasenyutse kandi wahemukiwe. Nubwo munsi ya Tutankhamon, umurwa mukuru usubizwa mu gukata, ukurikije ko Farawo yakoraga ubwiganze ubutegetsi muri Memphis.
Tutankhamon yashakanye na Anhasenpatton, abakobwa ba Ehhnton, afite imyaka 13. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari umujimu w'umutegetsi. Ni izihe mpamvu zatumye ubumwe butazwi, kimwe n'imibanire yabo bwite. Nyuma yaho, umugore yasimbuye iherezo ry'izina rye maze atangira kwitwa Anmburanam, bisobanura ngo "ubuzima bwe ari ubw Amoni."
Mugihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Tutaninkhamon, habaye impinduka zimwe. Hariho ububyutse bwimigenzo yumuco wa Misiri no kugaruka kwivuza kwa FVANA kugirango bigenzure mugihugu. Abenegihugu bo mu bisirikare n'ibihugu byo mu butegetsi bw'umutegetsi ubanza bagumaho ingaruka kuri Leta. Noneho, abapadiri n'abasirikare babanaga neza n'urukiko.
Hamwe na Tutankhamon, kugarura hera kwera kw'imana yabanjirije haba muri Egiputa no muri Kosha. Kurugero, insengero mu buvumo na fara.
Nyuma yo kugarura gusenga kw'imana za kera, Tutankhamoni ntabwo yahatiye gusenga Aton. Ku mwaka wa 9 w'ubutegetsi bwa Farawo urusengero rw'izuba turacyafite imizabibu. Igishushanyo cy'izuba na Ehnaton cyateganijwe gukorwa ku mutima, kandi mu nyandiko zabo bwite umutegetsi yiyita "Umuhungu Athon."
Usibye kugarura imirimo, ku mategeko ya Farawo mu rusengero rwiza, kurangiza koloni itunganya yararangiye. Kandi, tubikesha Tutankhamon, urusengero rwa Khoron rwubatswe i Giza, no muri NIBII - ikigo kinini kiva muri Amenhotep insengero za Amenhotep.
Urupfu
Nyuma yimyaka 9 leta, Farawo wo mu bwami Nshya yapfiriye akiri muto, ugereranije nabandi - mumyaka 18 cyangwa 19. Urupfu nk'urwo rwafatwaga ntirwabonaga rudasanzwe, rushyiraho igitekerezo cy'uko umutegetsi yishwe. Ariko Tutankhamon arapfa, yibasiwe n'indwara.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko Farawo yaguye mu igare, apfa kugorana - kuvunika ukuguru. Ku ya 8 Werurwe 2005, Abanya Egyptologiste Caakhi Havas, bayoboye ubushakashatsi, batangajwe ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa Mummy byatangajwe. Nta bimenyetso by'imvuni ya cranial, kandi nta cyihutira mu gihanga - ibisubizo by'ibikorwa by'abapadiri - paraschitis. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi byarakajwe kandi byaciwe scoliose.
Igihanga cya Farawo biherereye cyane, kibyemeza umubano ufitanye isano na Ehnaton kandi uvuguruza imyanzuro yerekeye Syndrome ya Marfani. Nyuma yo gukora inama hamwe na bagenzi bacu baturutse mu bindi bihugu, abashakashatsi baje gufata umwanzuro ko icyateye Tutankhamon ari gangrene igenda itera imbere kubera kuvunika. Nkuko ibimenyetso byangiritse cyane kumagufwa ya femoral. Byakunze kwizerwa ko iyi nenge ifitanye isano n'ubujurire budakwiye abitabiriye urugendo rw'ubwondo, babona imva.
Gufungura imva
Imva ya Tutankhamon (KV62) iherereye mu "kibaya cy'abami", hafi ya FIV. Nibintu byonyine byenyine, bigeze kuba abahanga muri iki gihe muburyo bwumwimerere, nubwo bagerageje gusa gufungura hamwe nabajura.
Gushyingurwa byavumbuwe mu 1922 n'abashakashatsi babiri b'Abongereza - Howard Carter na Lord Carnarvon. Ku bahanga mu by'amateka, Tutankhamon yagumye imico itazwi kandi yisumbuye, kugeza igihe imva.
Byongeye kandi, bamwe bizeraga ko Tutankhamoni atari rwose. Kubwibyo, gufungura imva ye niwe ukomeye mubucukuzi. Mu byukuri, ku ngoma, Tutankhamon ntabwo yagezeho mubyukuri, usibye guterera ibintu Aponasim.
Mu ntangiriro za 19 Ugushyingo 1922, umuryango w'imva wahanaguwe, icapiro ryerekeye imiryango ryakomeje kuba ridahwitse. Iki kintu cyahimbwe mubacukuzimuzi bizeye gukora ikinyejana kinini. Abashakashatsi babiri bafunguye imva bagize amahirwe yo kumanuka uwambere.
Mu bikoresho n'ibintu byashyinguwe hamwe n'umutegetsi, ubutunzi nyabwo bwabonetse - ibintu byubuhanzi bigize ingaruka z'imirimo. Imva ya Farawo yarashimishije cyane, kandi kuvumbura kwa Tutankhamon bizwi.
Mu mva yabonye imitako myinshi na Sarcofagus hamwe na Mumia Farawo. Mask ya zahabu irabitswe neza. Uyu munsi, niyo gaciro nyamukuru k'inzu ndangamurage ya Cairo, aho ushobora gukora ifoto niyi ngingo ya kera. Mask yo muri Egiputa ikubiyemo kubaha cyane.
Naho abana b'umutegetsi, mummy w'abakobwa be babiri babonetse mu mva ya Tutankhamon, wapfuye akiri muto. Abahanga bamwe bemeza ko abana bamaze kuvuka bapfuye. Nta makuru yerekeye abandiramukagwa ba Farawo. Urupfu rw'abana birashoboka cyane ingaruka zamaraso mugihe kirekire, niyo mpamvu itera kuzimangana kwuzuye.
Imigani n'umuvumo
Igitekerezo gihuriweho ku rupfu rw'urupfu rw'ubwondo ni uhari fungal na mikorobe mu mva. Ubucukuzi bwateye inkunga Umwami George Karnarvon, wapfuye ku ya 5 Mata 1923 kuri Cairo Hotel. Umushakashatsi yari arwaye mu gutwika ibihaha. Ariko abanyamakuru bahise bavuga uru rupfu kuri mysticism. Bamwe mu bahagarariye itangazamakuru bavuze ko Karnarvon yapfiriye kubera "kwandura amaraso kubera gukomeretsa urwembe" cyangwa "kurumwa rw'amayobera."
Byongeye kandi, abanyamakuru bakunze guhura nibihuha ugereranije n "umuvumo wa Farawo". Bivugwa ko byatumye hapfa imva. Hariho 22 "abahohotewe", 13 muri bo bitabiriwe mu gufungura ishyingurwa.
Ariko, ibintu byerekana ko "ibimenyetso" byahimbwe kugirango bigere ku buryo bwo kumva. Abashakashatsi benshi bo mu ikipe ya Carter bageze mumyaka ukuze. Umwuka ubwe yapfuye aheruka mu itsinda afite imyaka 66.
Kwibuka
Mubitabo byubuhanzi
- Peripetia yo kwimura ubutegetsi kuva Ehnaton kugera ikuzimu yasobanuwe muri transiya ya Gerald Messadier "inkubi y'umuyaga kuri Nili".
- Mu gicucu "igicucu cya Farawo" cy'umwanditsi wa Santiago Morata Tutankhamon Umutungo Wera ukundana na nyirumuna we Nefertiti ye Nefertiti.
- Intwari nyamukuru yikimenyetso cya Dmitry Merezhkovsky "Ivuka ryimana. Tutankamanon kuri Kirete. "
- Moiseeva Clara. "Umukobwa wa ehhton"
Muri sinema
- Mini-y'Abanyamerika-Umunyamerika-Urukurikirane rwa Filime eshatu "hano" (2015) rushingiye ku buzima bwa Farawo Tutankhamoni. Uruhare rwa Farawo ukuze rwasohoje umukinnyi Evan Jogia.
- Amateka yubufatanye bwa Egyptologiste Howard Carter na Lord Carnarvon, bayoboye umugambi wa mini-seriri ya Tutanhamon (2016).
- Inkuru ivuga ku mva ya Tutanikhamon ivugwa mu ruhererekane rwa mbere rw'urukurikirane rw'urukurikirane "N'Amateka y'umusore wo muri Indiana Jones".
- Sten / Tutankhamchik - Cartoon yerekeye Farawo.