Ubuzima
Jan Vermeer numuntu wumuhanga mubuhanga, ubuzima bwe, nkibihanga, bizengurutswe nibitekerezo nibitekerezo. Ikigaragara ni uko mugihe cyubuzima bwikigereranyo, kimwe nigihe runaka nyuma y'urupfu rwe, Masters ntabwo yateje inyungu zifatika, nubwo bahise bagura. Inzitizi nyinshi zarazimiye. Ariko, nyuma yigihe runaka, abanyamateka yubuhanzi bagiye bera imizihamwe yibagiwe, none izina ya yana vermeer rihagaze kumurongo umwe hamwe namazina ya geni rani, jye na Jan wang, Peter Bruegel.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Imyenda igaragara kuva itangira rya biografiya ya Jan Vermeer delft. Izina ryanyuma, umuhanzi yakiriye aho avuka - umujyi wikigondwa. Vermeer yaturutse he (kandi umuhanzi yavutse ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1632), ntabwo azwiho gushidikanya, ariko amakuru yarinzwe n'ababyeyi babatije umuntu wana mu cyifu. Shebuja yakundaga uyu mujyi, umwe mu bashushanya yitwa - "ubwoko bw'imishinga." Kuri canvas, umuhanzi yashoboye kwimura ubwiza n'amahoro by'ahantu.
Se wumuhanzi uzaza yari afite igikari cye cyiza na resitora, kandi nanone yakoraga nkumuhanga wo kuboha imyenda yubudodo. Byongeye kandi, uyu mugabo yari azi byinshi mubikorwa byubuhanzi ndetse anakira bamwe muribo abadandaza n'abakusanya. Ahari impamvu yang Vermeer mugihe runaka kandi bashishikajwe no gushushanya.
Birazwi ko mu 1653, umusore yafashe guild art ya mutagatifu Luka. Ariko, ukurikije abanyamuryango muriyi societe, mbere yo kwinjira muri gahunda, Umuhanzi agomba kwiga mu mujyanama w'inararibonye mu myaka itandatu. Wabaye ityo kuri Jan Vermeer, nanjye ntabwo azwi.
Imirongo iratandukanye: Nk'uko umwe muri bo, Vermeer "yagumye ukuboko" ku buyobozi bwa Leonart Bramera, ku rundi ntego - umwarimu w'umusore wa Parard. Ba uko bishoboka, vermeer yari inshuti cyane na ba shebuja bombi.
Ikindi gitekerezo gifite impamvu zifatika, ni verisiyo Karel Fabriyo yabaye umwarimu akaba umujyanama Janmeer. Hariho amakuru uyu muhanzi yageze mumujyi wikiruhuko mugihe umwe abasore bakiri bato bivugwa ko batsinze amahugurwa. Kandi ku buryo bwo gushushanya gushushanya (cyane cyane hakiri kare), guhanga Petero de Hoha, akazi kayo kameze nka Janu.
Gushushanya
Igihe se wa Yana yapfiriye, umusore yagombaga gukora ibyo akora muri Tavern, yagumye kuba isoko nyamukuru yinjiza umuryango. Nubwo icyo gihe, yari amaze gufata umwanya w'icyubahiro mu gushushanya ubuhanzi bwa mutagatifu Luka (kandi avuga ko yabiyoboye), mubyukuri ntabwo yazanye kwinjiza.
Muri icyo gihe, amashusho yumuhanzi yakundwaga ninzobere yubuhanzi kandi yasanze vuba abaguzi. Bidatinze, vermeer yungutse abakiriya ba Parons: Hendrik Wang, pekari yaho, na Yakobo batabyaye, nyir'amahugurwa yacapwe.
Mu byegeranyo y'aba bantu, mu makuru atandukanye, ibikorwa birenga bibiri by'umuhanzi icumi. Ariko, yagumye atasobanutse, yaba Vermeer yanditse ku ngingo zateganijwe, cyangwa zitangwa gusa van buuytin na dyssyus uburenganzira bwo kubona ibyo baremwe bishya.
Birashimishije kubona ko Jan Vermeer yari azwiho kuba atari umuhanzi ufite impano, ariko nanone nkumwuga nuburwayi bwibintu byubuhanzi. Bavugishije kumenya cyangwa kwemeza ukuri kw'imyenda imwe n'imwe. Ariko, impano yayo, umuhanzi ntabwo yimuye umuntu - abahanga mu by'amateka n'umuhanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi bahuriza ku buryo umunyeshuri wagiye atigeze abaho.
Ikintu cyihariye cyimirimo ya Yana Vermeer yiyandikishije neza nibisobanuro byubuntu ahantu h'imijyi. Ariko amashusho yumuntu umuhanzi yahisemo gutegeka gusa kubishushanyo, niba ishusho yumuntu yagaragaye mu miterere, ubusanzwe byari bifite akamaro.
Imwe mu ngero mbi za "imbere" zifatwa nkishusho yamahugurwa yumuhanzi yanditswe na Databuja muri 1666. Uyu ni umurimo watinze, kuri vermera yashoboye kwimura ikirere cyakazi ka Wizard. Byemezwa ko ishusho yumuhanzi Jan Vermeer yanditse muri we. Nanone, urugero rwumuyaga mwinshi mu gihugu cyimbere, amashusho "umukobwa usoma ibaruwa kumadirishya" na "thremo".
Byongeye kandi, vermeer yari umutware wicyiswe "urukundo". Iyi myumvire yabaye intego nyamukuru yibishushanyo byinshi byumuhanzi. Urugo rworoshye rutanga cyane amahoro nubwumvikane bwinyuguti nigenamiterere. Akenshi nicyitegererezo na muse kuzenguruka Jan Vermeter yabaye uwo mwashakanye, urugero rwibi ni igishushanyo "cyumukobwa numukobwa.
Yashushanyije umuhanzi hamwe nabana babo: birashoboka ko ishusho "umukobwa ufite amahera" ni ishusho yumukobwa wumuhanzi. Kandi, kora yiswe "Portrait yumukobwa ukiri muto" afatwa nkindi shusho yumukobwa wa Vermeer. Birashimishije kubona amashusho yombi (nayo gusa kubantu basanzwe basanzwe) Umuhanzi yanditse abifashijwemo na tatrecreen.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwumuryango bwa Yana Vermeer yarishimye. Mu muhanzi 1653 washakanye numukobwa witwa Catarina Bnean. Ibintu bigoye gusa kwangwa na nyina wumugeni wumukobwa we yakundaga. Ikigaragara ni uko umuryango wa catarina wahawe Gatolika, Vermeer yari umuporotesitanti.
Ariko bidatinze kubona imyifatire ya Yana Vermeer kumukobwa we, umugore yemeye inzira yemera ubukwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima, Maria Brushing, nyina wa Vermeer, ntabwo yemeye guhitamo umukobwa we, abara yana yoroheje kandi adafite umugabo utari muto. Catarina yashyikirije uwo bashakanye abana 15. Kubwamahirwe, bane bapfuye bakiri bato.
Urupfu
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwa Yana vermeer yatwikiriye ibikenewe. Umuhanzi, kugeza icyo gihe, utazi ibibazo byumubiri, yahuye nibibazo byo gufata inguzanyo, baza inguzanyo no kugabanya impera. Ntibyatinze kugira ngo bigire ingaruka ku mico: Databuja yatangiye imizi, ubuzima bw'ikigereranyo bwaravuze cyane. Hariho na verisiyo ikomeye yakinnye kandi gutandukana kwa Jan Vermeer hamwe numugore we yakundaga, ariko nta cyemezo cyibitekerezo.
Impamvu zo gupfa kwumuhanzi ziracyari impaka: kwisuzumisha neza cyangwa ibintu ntibishobora kubimenya. Birashoboka, Jan Vermeer yasize ubuzima kubera umunaniro ukomeye ufite ubwoba, amaherezo yatesheje agaciro ubuzima bw'ikinyira. Byabaye ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1675. Umuhanzi yari afite imyaka 43 gusa. Vermeer aruhuka mumuryango uriho mumuryango kavukire.
Imyaka 20 nyuma y'urupfu rwa Jan Vermeer, mu 1699, cyamunara rwabaye, aho 21 z'Umuhanzi yashyizwe ahagaragara. Bamwe muribo barabuze igihe, none abahanga nu mateka yubuhanzi bavuga ibishushanyo 16 byemewe byikigereranyo. Indi miyoboro 5 iracyakomeza kuba impaka kandi ntabwo izwi kumugaragaro nibikorwa bya Shebuja.
Ibinyoma, kwigana imirimo ya Yana vermeer, yishimiye mubihe bisa. Izwi cyane "Kwigana" kwitwa Khan Wang Megerene, wabonye izina ku mpimbano.
Igikorwa cya Vermeer cyatanzwe hamwe nabandi bantu bafite impano. Rero, firime nyinshi na arvistique na opetiste "opera" amabaruwa ya Vermeler "wa OpesSen, kimwe na kimwe cyagenwe numuyobozi wamasaro". Kuri iyi shusho, mvuga ubuzima bwa Yana Vermeer, Colin firtred yakinnye, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Wilkinson, Micphy Murphy.
Gushushanya
- Nka 1653-1654 - "Diana hamwe nabagenzi"
- Ahagana mu 1654-1656 - "Kristo mu nzu ya Marita na Mariya"
- 1656 - "Summinka"
- Nka 1656-1657 - "Umukobwa uryamye"
- Nka 1657-1659 - "Umukobwa usoma ibaruwa ukoresheje idirishya"
- Nka 1657 - "Umukozi no guseka umukobwa"
- Nka 1660 - "Thush"
- Nka 1663-1664 - "Umugore ufashe umunzani"
- Nka 1665-1667 - "Umukobwa ufite amahera"
- 1668 - "Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere"