Ubuzima
Amategeko yo gutegeka Guverinoma y'icyamamare ya Mariya Teresia yafatwaga nk'imwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi mu mateka y'Uburayi. Umugore abigiranye ubuhanga yahujije imicungire yitutu hamwe no kubagezaho abana 16.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umukobwa w'imfura Elizabeth Christina Brainscweig-Tungsten n'Umwami w'abami VI, Maria Teresia Valburg Amalia Kristina yavutse ku ya 13 Gicurasi 1717 mu mujyi wa Vienne. Igihe yavukaga, amagambo yo gutenguha se yatengushye:
"Uyu ni umukobwa gusa."Ubwana bwumukobwa ntabwo bwamenyekanye nibyabaye, umwamikazi yari mu gicucu cya se. Hamwe n'umuryango, Maria Teresia yamaze igihe cy'itumba cy'umwaka mu ngoro ya Hofburg, mu nkengero ya Vienne, amezi y'impeshyi - mu gihome cya Luxembourg, kandi icyi ku mukobwa cyabereye mu ngoro akunda.
Ibitekerezo byukuri byumukobwa byise impinduka yabarimu. Uburere bwa Mariya Teresia bwatanzwe kugira ngo habeho Yesu. Yigishijwe indimi z'amahanga, harimo n'ikilatini, amateka, ubuhanzi, geografiya n'amategeko y'Imana. Kandi, umukobwa yafashe amasomo numuziki. Igitabo gitangaje cyumwamikazi cyihangana cyashoboraga kuvuga byoroshye mu Butaliyani, Igifaransa, Ikidage n'Icyesipanyoli.
Kuva akiri muto, yabonaga bumwe mu bwiza bwa mbere icyo gihe. Maria Teresia yatandukanijwe nakazi gakomeye, umukobwa buri munsi yahagurutse saa kumi ni mugitondo. Yari afite uburakari buke, yashoboraga kurakara vuba no gutuza vuba. Maria Teresiya yari afite amakuru yose yo kwiyegurira Imana no kubahiriza amasomo: ubukuru nimpano y'Ijambo.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Maria Teresia azwi n'Igifaransa, Icyongereza na Prussiyani, ndetse n'Umuzungu w'Uburusiya, Heress. Padiri ntiyashoboraga guhangayikishwa n'iherezo ry'umukobwa we.
Umuganwakazi yakiriye amashuri y'abagabo, yateguye umukobwa gucunga igihugu. Mu kugera ku myaka 14, Maria Teresia yamaze kugira icyubahiro cyo kujya mu nama z'Inama Njyanama ya Leta.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umukobwa ufite ubwenge wakize amarushanwa menshi kumutima. Guhitamo Karl VI byahagaritse ku muhungu wa Duke wa Famuna, izina ryuzuye rya Franz Stefan aryamye. Mu 1724, yageze mu gikari cyo muri Otirishiya kugira ngo arangize uburezi kandi abone ubumenyi bukenewe.Padiri wa Mariya Teresiya yaramurega nk'umuhungu we kavukire: yigisha guhiga kwe, ajyana mu mipira. Ubufaransa bwemeye kumenya igihano cy Pragmati mu rwego rwo guhanahana gachy. Franz yanze uburenganzira kuri kariya gace ko gushyingirwa na Maria Teresia.
Ku ya 12 Gashyantare 1736, ubumwe bw'umuyobozi bwarangiye. Muri icyo gihe, ku mugoroba w'ubukwe, abashakanye bahatiwe gusezerana ko atazasaba umurage iyo Karl VI yabyaye umuhungu. Aka umwanya kandi wafashwe na Maria na Franz wanze umurage, niba umuhungu wabo atazavuka mu bumwe, na Mariya Anna, mushiki we muto, azaba samuragwa w'umugabo.
Imyaka ya mbere yubukwe yashushanyije intambara mbi hamwe na Turukiya, yamaze 1737 kugeza 1739. Mare Mariya Teresie yagize gutsindwa nk'umuyobozi w'ingabo za Habsburg. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, guverinoma yari ifite umuryango uhanganye. Nyuma yo kubyara, Maria yagize ati:
"Abana ntibigera bibaho bihagije."Umwana wa mbere azagaragara nyuma yumwaka wababana, abana bakurikira bavuka bafite ikiruhuko kuva imyaka 1 kugeza 2, kugeza 1756. Mariya yari afite abana 16: Abakobwa 11 n'abahungu 5.
Uburezi n'uburere bya buri mwana Maria Teresia yitaye ku buryo butandukanye. Yateguye integanyanyigisho zidasanzwe, harimo imbyino n'ibikorwa byo mu matana. Abana bashushanyijeho, biga inkuru, Ibyanditswe, imibare nindimi zamahanga. Kubakobwa bigishije ubuhanga bwo kuyobora ibiganiro no gushingira.
Inteko Nyobozi
Ibyishimo Bikwiye byamaze igihe kinini, Karl VI yapfuye mu 1740. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Maria Teresia afite imyaka 24 yahatiwe kuzamuka ku ntebe yayo ya Otirishiya. Muri icyo gihe, yari amaze kuba nyina inshuro eshatu kandi yari atwite. Igikorwa cyo kugenzura Leta, ubu cyahagaze imbere ya Maria, nticyari ku bihaha. Byongeye kandi, imbibi zarimo Otirishiya, Repubulika ya Ceki, Hopirariya, mu Butaliyani no mu Butaliyani.
Imbaga yabaye ku ya 25 Kamena 1741 muri Katedhedrali ya Mutagatifu Martin, yakozwe muburyo bwa gothique, mumujyi wa Presburg (ubu - Bratislava). Mu 1745, uwo mwashakanye yambitswe ikamba rya mw'izina Franz I, umukobwa ukiri muto aba apfiriye umunyamadini wa Otirishiya.
Maria Teresia yahise ahura n'isura hamwe n'abasaba benshi basaba umurage wa Otirishiya, udashaka kumuha uburenganzira kuri we. Ariko mu 1748, isi ya Aachen yahisemo ikibazo cya Mary Teresia, na we yatakaje Silesiya. Nyuma, mu ntambara yimyaka irindwi (kuva 1756 kugeza 1763), Umwamikazi washakaga gutsinda kariya gace, ariko kugerageza ntabwo yambitswe ikamba: Silesiya yagumye ku bubasha bwa Friedrich II.
Mu 1765, Umwami w'abami Franz napfuye mu buryo butunguranye, Mariya Teresiya yashyizeho umuhungu wa Yozefu II hamwe n'ubuyobozi bwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibikorwa bye byagarukiye mu rukiko, ibibazo by'imari n'ibikorwa bya gisirikare, mu bwigenge byuzuye muri Joseph IGI.
Mu 1772, Maria Teresia yitabira igice cya mbere cya Polonye kandi kubera ko ibisubizo byakiriye Galicia. Ku byerekeye Ingoma ya Ottoman - mu 1775, ingabo z'umugore ziha Bukovivina ye. Maria Tereya yagaragaje ko avugana ku "Murage Bavariya", kandi kugongana kwabaye hejuru y'amasezerano ya Tesher. Ashingiye, inzu ya Otirishiya yakiriye agace ka Inna.
By'umwihariko byagaragazaga mu Nama Mariya Teresia mu micungire y'ibikorwa by'imbere muri Leta. Igihe kitarimo imirwano, yishyuye ivugurura mu buyobozi, mbere yicaga ishyanga no kutubahiriza amategeko. Yagerageje kunoza imari, kunoza amategeko no gutunganya ingabo za gisirikare.
Mbere ya Maria Teresia Otirishiya yari igihugu gisubira inyuma muri buri gice. Ishuri no gucapa byayobowe rwose na Jesuit. Mbere, guverinoma ntiyagize ingaruka ku mategeko yashyizweho, ariko Maria Teresia yahatiwe kumenyekanisha ivugurura mu nyungu za leta kubera ibihe byo hanze.
Ku ngoma, Maria Teresia yagarukiye uruhare rw'itorero ryerekeye kumenyera absolutisme kandi akomeza akamaro k'imbaraga za Leta. Yagabanije cyane umubare wa orchestre mu rukiko, waca abahiga abacuranzi. Ariko, Maria yita ku iterambere rya siyansi n'ubuhanzi: yavumbuye kaminuza, yavuye mu mashuri, yamenyesheje imikino ngororamubiri. Niwe washyizemo abantu boroheje, yazanye umubare w'amashuri kugeza ku bihumbi 6.
By'umwihariko hitawe kuri guverinoma yishyuye iterambere mu buhinzi, guteza imbere uruganda no kwagura ubucuruzi bw'imbere n'ubuhanga.
Urupfu
Nyuma y'urupfu ku ya 29 Ugushyingo 1780, afite imyaka 63, Maria Teresisa yavuye muri leta hamwe na leta, hamwe n'ingabo z'abantu ibihumbi 260 ndetse n'icyubahiro cy'icyubahiro mu Burayi.Yakoraga, ingufu na jye na Maria Teresia, Maria Teresia yaretse kureshya kandi akora mu buryo buhebuje ku bandi. Amateka ya Mariya Teresiya yuzuyemo ibintu. Mu buzima busanzwe, umugore yari umugore wizerwa na Mama utabogamye, yari afite abana 16, 10 muri bo barokotse.
Kwibuka
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Maria Teresia, Asteroide (295) Tereziya, yafunguwe mu 1890.
- Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, igabana ry'amafarasi 22 rya SS Maria Teresia ryakozwe, ryashinzwe ahanini rya Volkdobych, wabaga mu karere kahoze ari Hongiriya wahoze ari Hongiriya.
- I Vienne, urwibutso kuri guverinoma n'abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi muri kare ya Mary Teresiziya bazumirwa. Iki gikorwa cyubuhanzi ntigihagije kubona bihagije kumafoto, birakenewe kubona bibaho.
- Mary Teresiya ni amoko ya teleproelow Otirishiya, Hongiriya, Slowakiya, na Repubulika ya Ceki. Film for gahunda 2, 2017.
- Thaler Mary Teresiya ni igiceri cya feza, uburyo butandukanye busanzwe, bukoreshwa cyane mubucuruzi bwisi hafi nyuma yo gutangira kwiruka muri 1741.
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Erisikarzogi, Mariya Teresiya yitwa Rosa.
- Gahunda ya Mariya Teresia - Iteka rya Gisirikare rya Otirishiya. Umwamikazi wa Hongiriya na Bohemia, Maria Teresia, yashizweho, mu 1757.