Ubuzima
Izina rya Robert Lewis Stevenson kuva mu bwana rimenyereye abantu bose batagaragaza ubuzima nta gitabo. Ibitekerezo bidasanzwe kandi bishimishije bitegereje intwari z'imirimo ye kuri buri ntambwe yo kwicara inyuma yimpapuro "ikirwa cyumukara". Kandi nubwo ibyo bikorwa bifatwa nkibyamamare muri bibliografiya, urutonde rwibitabo bya Stevenson ntabwo bigarukira kuri bo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavukiye muri Edinburgh ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 1850. Se w'umuhungu yari afite umwuga udasanzwe - yari injeniyeri wateguwe beacons. Kuva mu bwana, umuhungu arya igihe kinini mu buriri - gusuzuma cyane kw'ahantu ko bakwita ku muhungu we.
Stevenson yasuzumwe igihingwa, nyuma na karutusi (igituba cya Pulmonary), muri iyo minsi akenshi yica. Kubwibyo, robert nkeya yamaze igihe kinini mu "gihugu gitandukanye" - bityo umwanditsi nyuma yanditse kubyerekeye ubwana.
Ahari kugarukira no kubeshya kandi bigafasha ibitekerezo bya Robert Lewis Stevenson kwiteza imbere kuburyo yatangiye guhimba ibintu no kugenda bidashobora kwiyemeza mubuzima. Byongeye kandi, Nanny yumwana yazanye uburyohe bwubuvanganzo numva amagambo muri yo, gusoma igisigo Robert Burns nobwira umugani mbere yigihe cyo kuryama.
Muri 15, Robert Lewis Stevenson yarangije umurimo wambere ukomeye witwa "pentland izamuka". Se wa Robert yashyigikiye Umwana we kandi atangaze iki gitabo muri kopi 100 y'amafaranga ye mu 1866.
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Stevenson, nubwo bafite ubuzima bwiza, yatangiye kunyura muri Scotland kavukire no mu Burayi no kwandika inyandiko n'ibibazo by'ingendo. Nyuma, iyi nyandiko yaje munsi yigituba "imihanda" n "urugendo mu gihugu".
Kuba mukuru, Robert Lewis Stevenson yinjiye mu ishuri rya Edinburghm, hanyuma muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh. Mu mizo ya mbere, umusore yagiye mu kirenge cya se atangira kwiga injeniyeri. Ariko, nyuma yaje kujya mu ishami rya jurisperince no mu 1875 aba umunyamategeko wemewe.
Ubuvanganzo
Igikorwa cya mbere gikomeye cya Stevenson, wazanye icyamamare, abaye inkuru yitwa "ijoro ryose Francois Vonyon". Kandi umaze muri 1878, kuba mu rundi rugendo mu Bufaransa, birangiza uruziga rw'inkuru, rwasohotse muri rusange.
Iki cyegeranyo cyiswe ikipe yo kwiyahura nyuma kibaye kimwe mumirimo izwi cyane ya Stevenson. "Kwiyahura", kimwe n'inzitizi za Almaz Raji, zacapishijwe mu binyamakuru byinshi byo mu Buvanganye mu Burayi. Buhoro buhoro, izina rya Stevenson ryamenyekanye.
Ariko, ibyamamare bikomeye byamenyekanye umwanditsi mu 1883, igihe yacapwe, wenda Umuroma Stevenson mwiza - "ikirwa cy'ubutunzi". Kimwe n'imirimo myinshi yubuhanga, iki gitabo cyatangiye hamwe ninkuru zisuka hamwe na Stevenson yashimishije kubona intambwe nziza. Robert Lewis ndetse yashushanyije ikarita yahimbye ikirwa cyumuhungu, kitarahinduka mu Ijambo ryibanze.
Buhoro buhoro, ibice byatatanye byatangiye kwiteza imbere mu gitabo cyuzuye, kandi Stevenson yicaye ku mpapuro. Mu ikubitiro, umwanditsi yatanze igitabo Izina "Guteka ubwato", ariko nyuma ayihindura ku "kirwa cy'ubutunzi". Muri iki gikorwa, nkuko Stevenson yamenye, ibitekerezo bye byibitabo byabandi banditsi byagaragaye - Daniel Defo na Edgar. Abasomyi ba mbere bo mu gitabo cyarangiye hari umunyeshuri w'umwanditsi na Data, ariko bidatinze, igitabo cyavugaga n'abandi bakundana ibitabo bitangaje.
Ubukurikira mu ibaba ry'umwanditsi arasohoka "ukuboko kw'umukara", mu 1885 "Umuganwa Otto" n'amateka yo mu mico "Amateka adasanzwe ya Dr. Jekyla na Bwana Jekyla aragaragara. Umwaka umwe, Robert Lewis Stevenson yarangije imirimo itaha yo gukusanya inkuru, yitwa "n'ibihumbi bishya n'ijoro rimwe" (cyangwa "dinamike").
Birashimishije kubona Stevenson yanditse n'ibisigo, byakiriye ubushakashatsi bw'ibisigo nko mu mateurism kandi ntanagerageza no kubitangaza. Ariko igice cyumwanditsi wibisigo uracyakusanyijwe munsi yigifuniko kimwe maze ahitamo gutangaza. Hariho icyegeranyo cyibisigo bya Stevenson, byahumetswe no kwibuka imyaka yabana. Mu kirusiya, ibisigo byasohotse mu 1920 kandi byakiriye izina ryimurwa "pake yindabyo z'abana". Nyuma, icyegeranyo cyaturutse inshuro nyinshi kandi rihindura izina ryambere.
Icyo gihe, umuryango wa Stevenson, kubera "ikirwa cy'ubutunzi", kibamo impande. Ariko, ikibabaje, ubuzima bw'umwanditsi cyane abandi ubwabwo bwije. Abaganga bagiriye inama umwanditsi guhindura ikirere, kandi Robert Lewis Stevenson yimukiye mu gihugu cye kavukire yerekeza muri Samoa. Abenegihugu, bakirinza kwitonda kw'abanyamahanga bamenye, bidatinze babaye abashyitsi bahoraho mu nzu yo kwakira abashyitsi uyu muntu mwiza.
Inyuma ya Stevenson, izina "umuyobozi-Saucer" yari yarakosowe - ni ko nahamagaye umwanditsi Aborigines, wafashaga inama. Ariko abakoloni bera badakunda Robert Lewis Stevenson kuri izo myumvire y'umudendezo w'ubwisanzure, ko umwanditsi yabibye mu bitekerezo by'abaturage.
Kandi ntiwumve, umwuka udashobora gufasha ariko gutekereza ku mirimo ya Sasic: Amabwiriza n'inkuru "- Umuroma" uwo Hasohotse mbere), "Saint-IV" yanditswe kuri Samoa. Bamwe mu bakozi bahimbye hamwe na bagenzi be hamwe na Panyanka - "Imizigo itababaje", "ubwato bwahohotewe", "biryoshye".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Urukundo rwambere rwumwanditsi ni umudamu witwa KAt Drammond, wakoraga nk'umuririmbyi mu ijoro rya Tavern. Forky Stevenson, kuba afite uburambe abasore, bashimishijwe cyane nuyu mugore ko agiye kurongora. Ariko rero, se w'umwanditsi ntabwo yemereye umuhungu gufata umugore wa Kat, ukurikije Stevenson-mukuru, ntabwo yakwiriye uru ruhare.
Nyuma, ubwo yajyaga mu Bufaransa, Robert Lewis Stevenson yahuye na Francis Matilda Osborne. Fanny - Rero Stevenson yitwa umukunzi we - yarubatse. Byongeye kandi, umugore yari afite abana babiri kandi yari mukuru kuruta Stevenson imyaka 10. Byasaga nkaho byashoboye gukumira mu rukundo kuba hamwe.
Mu mizo ya mbere, byabaye - Stevenson yavuye mu Bufaransa wenyine, adafite umukundwa, akana icyunamo ubuzima bwe bwatsinzwe. Ariko mu 1880, Fanny yarangije gutandukana n'uwo bashakanye maze arongora n'umwanditsi, wabaye mu ijoro rimwe na se wishimye. Nta bana basanzwe bari bahari.
Urupfu
Samoa Isa ntabwo ari ahantu hakundwa gusa k'umwanditsi, ahubwo ni ubuhungiro bwa nyuma. Ukuboza 3, 1894 Robert Lewis Stevenson ntiyabikoze. Nimugoroba, umugabo uko bisanzwe yamanutse kurya, ariko ahita amufata umutwe, arwana. Mu masaha make umwanditsi ntiyari akiriho. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'ubwenge rwa sinius rwabaye ubwonko.
Ngaho, kuri icyo kirwa, imva y'umwanditsi iracyabikwa. Aborigine, ababajwe rwose n'urupfu rw'intwari ye n'umwanda we n'intwari ye hamwe n '"Umuyobozi wa Petero Lewis Stevenson Hejuru y'umusozi witwa Versestone.
Mu 1957, umwanditsi w'Abasoviyeti Leonid Borisov yanditse ubuzima bwa Robert Lewis Stevenson, witwa "munsi y'ibendera rya Catriona".
Bibliografiya
- 1883 - "Ikirwa cy'ubutunzi"
- 1885 - "Umuganwa Otto"
- 1886 - "Inkuru idasanzwe ya Dr. Jekyla na Bwana Heyda"
- 1886 - "Yashimuswe"
- 1888 - "Umwambi wumukara"
- 1889 - "Nyiri Ballastre"
- 1889 - "Imizigo ibabaje"
- 1893 - "Amato yatoye"
- 1893 - "Catriona"
- 1897 - "Umutagatifu-Yves"