Ubuzima
Umwanditsi wumunyamerika na Playwright Irwin Shaw gutunga ubushobozi bwihariye bwo guhuza ubunini kandi bukomeye mubikorwa. Yiyubakiye abigiranye ubuhanga, akosora gutunganijwe ibiganiro, ashushanyijeho imiterere yinyuguti. Igitaramo ni umwe mu banditsi bake bashoboye kuzamuka ibisobanuro byinshi muburyo bworoshye kandi bushimishije. Kubuzima bwe, yanditse inkuru nyinshi zishimishije kandi ibitabo bitazimiye kugeza ubu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina nyaryo rya Itwin ryerekana - Irwin Gilbert Shamforoff, yavukiye i New York, muri Bronx yepfo. Yakuze mu muryango w'abayahudi bimukira ukomoka mu Burusiya. Nyuma yigihe gito cyo kuvuka kwa Irvina, umuryango wimukiye i Brooklyn. Muri uyu mujyi ni ubwa kabiri hamwe nimyaka y'ubusore yumwanditsi w'ejo hazaza.
Ababyeyi babonye imigenzo y'Abayahudi, ariko bashakaga kwimukira. Kubwibyo, bahinduye izina berekezaho igihe Irwin yari afite imyaka 10. Umuhungu yishimiye imizi y'Abayahudi, bityo yanga guhindura izina kugeza arangije amashuri. Byongeye kandi, Irwin yashimangiye gufata umuhango wa Bar Mitzva, nubwo atatandukanye kuruta amadini yihariye.
Se w'ishaka yabaye igitambo gikomeye maze avunika. Amaze imyaka 14, umusore yakoraga mu ruganda no mu maduka, Irwin na nyina barahatiwe ko bagize umuryango. Umusore warangije kaminuza ya Brooklyn akira impamyabumenyi ihanitse. Ku myaka 21, iki gitaramo gitangira kwandika inyandiko kuri RadShou izwi cyane, kurugero, "Tracy". Nguko nuburyo umwuga we wubuvanganzo.
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 1936, ikinamico ya mbere ya Irvina cyatanzwe - "guhemukira isi yapfuye", igitekerezo cyabereye i New York. Akazi kavuga ibyerekeye itsinda ryabasirikare baguye ku rugamba, barinda igihugu cye. Intsinzi itababaje yimikorere yazanye Irvina ubushobozi bwo gusinya amasezerano yunguka.
Turashimira iki gitaramo, igihe gito cyakoraga nk'ikimwasi muri Hollywood. Yakomeje kwandika ibintu, ariko umwanzuro amukurura cyane. Umwanditsi yahise amenya ko cinema yubucuruzi ivuguruza ibyifuzo bye bwite. Nubwo bimeze bityo, byakomeje kwandika ibintu kuri firime yo kwishora mubikorwa bikomeye byubuvanganzo.
Nyuma yibyo, umurimo w'ikigiraga wafatwaga nkuwabaye umuco numuhanga, ariko igitekerezo cy'uko ikibi kigomba kurwanya ibitabo bye byakurikiyeho.
Umwanditsi asubiye i New York, inkuru ze ku ngingo zisangwa zasohotse mu bitabo binini: "New Yorker" na "Esquins". Mu 1940, igitaramo cyanditse ibintu kuri Filime nyinshi, urwenya uzwi cyane wabaye "umujyi". Akazi kari ku ngingo y'umusanzure mbonezamubano.
Mu byegeranyo y'inkuru "umusare ukomoka ku bagore" hanyuma "Murakaza neza mu mujyi wacu", amakimbirane yo mu mibereho yacu n'amoko ashingiye ku moko ya New York yicyo gihe. Abimukira b'Abayahudi basobanurwa n'ubupfumu no gusetsa. Ibi bitabo byerekana ingingo ya Anti-Semitism yerekanwe nkurugero rwo hejuru rwibibi n'akarengane.
Naho inkuru "abatuye indi mijyi", muri yo, ibikorwa bigenda mu 1918 mu mujyi wa Kiev. Akazi kanditswe mumaso yumuhanzi wumuyahudi. Nyuma ya pogrom, yumva ko guhanga atari ikintu cyingenzi mubuzima. Umuhanzi yanze kwicisha bugufi kwa Data maze atangira kwihorera nta mbabazi.
Abakenguzamateka bagenerwa ibyegeranyo byambere Irwin Yerekana umugambi mwiza no kuzura stylistic. Umwanditsi yiswe umwanditsi ufite impano y'abakiri bato.
Igitabo cya mbere cya Irwin "Intare zikiri nto" zasohotse mu 1949. Ishingiye ku bintu bifatika byabaye ku mwanditsi mu myaka y'intambara. Akazi kagaragaye ko gutsinda kandi mugihe kizaza cyarasweye. Ikibanza cy'ingabo cyaturutseho cyari gitandukanye cyane n'umwimerere, ku buryo ntakunze umurimo wo kwerekana.
Umuhanzi wa kabiri w'Abaroma witwa "Gukora Ether", asobanura imikurire ya McCarthyism, yatangajwe mu 1951.
Nyuma y'ibirego by'ibinyoma mu gihe cy'Abakomunisiti mu gitabo cy'Abakomunisiti "imiyoboro itukura", igitaramo cyashyizwe ku rutonde n'umuyobozi w'amasosiyete ya firime mu rutonde rw'irabura rwa Hollywood. Mu 1951, umwanditsi yavuye muri Amerika yimukira i Burayi, aho yabaga imyaka 25. Muguhuza Igitaramo cyakoze ibintu byinshi bya cinema na cinema, byahise bihinduka byoroshye. Muri bo:
"Lucy Kraun" ni igitabo cya mbere cyasohotse mu 1956. Akazi gasobanura umugore na nyina mumico imwe. Mu ci ryo mu 1937, umugore yari afite igitabo n'umusore wahawe akazi nk'umugenzi w'umuhungu woroshye Tony.
"Ibyumweru bibiri mu wundi mujyi", akazi kanditswe mu 1960. Igitabo kigutera gutekereza no gutekereza ubuzima. Umwanditsi aragaragaza ko igihe kigeze guhindura ikintu no kugerageza gukosora kunanirwa kera, ariko mugihe kimwe gushidikanya.
"Umubate, umukene", waremewe mu 1970, handitswe inyandiko zidatsinzwe, nk'uko bikomeza "bisabiriza, umujura." Dukurikije ibi, igitabo cyakuwe mu 1976 cyakuweho urukurikirane, rukwiye gutsinda bidasanzwe. Mu 1982, Studio ya Lituwaniya ya UssR nayo yarinze ati "umukire, umukene."
Irwin yerekana - nyiri urukurikirane rwigihembo gikomeye. Umwanditsi yakiriye ibihembo bibiri O. Henry, asabwa ku nkuru nziza. Iki gitaramo cyahawe igihembo cy'Ishuri ry'Abanyamerika n'ubuvanganzo. Yakiriye kandi ibihembo 3 byo gukinira. Mu 1943, Oscar yatowe kubera ibintu byiza bikozwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, mu 1942, umwanditsi yagiye imbere akorera mu mngabo za Amerika, yari umusirikare washinzwe. Yakoraga mu gice kidasanzwe, cyari kigizwe n'abantu bahanga bavuga imbere. Igitaramo cyarwaniye muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi cyari kimwe mu bodeye wa Paris.
Irwin yashakanye n'umwanditsi w'imirimo y'urukundo. Umugore we Maryan Edwards yibarutse Umwana we mu 1950, yiswe Adamu. Umuhungu ni umwana wenyine mu muryango, nta bana bakiriho. Nyuma yaho, umuhungu wa Iwwin yabaye umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro za 80, igitaramo cyasuzumwe kanseri ya prostate, niyo mpamvu itera urupfu. Ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1984, yapfiriye mu bitaro bya Davos, nyuma yo kwivuza bidafite akamaro. Urupfu rw'umwanditsi ufite imyaka 71.
Igitaramo cyari kizwi cyane: Igitabo cy'umwanditsi cyarenze miliyoni 14. Imirimo yacyo ihindurwa mu ndimi 25, benshi muribo bafite kabuhariwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kuva 50s, kunegura gufatwa narwin itandukanijwe. Kurugero, L. Fidler yise ibitabo bye "kimwe cya kabiri." Kandi nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, biografiya no guhanga ikigirasi byatangiye kwigwa cyane.
Bibliografiya
- 1936 - "URUHARE ISI YAPFUYE" (UMUKINO)
- 1937 - Osada (Igice)
- 1937 - Brooklyn Idyll (Igice)
- 1939 - "Umusare ukomoka ku Bremen" (Gukusanya Inkuru)
- 1941 - "Ikaze mu mujyi wacu" (Gukusanya Inkuru)
- 1944 - "Abicanyi" (gukina)
- 1946 - "Igikorwa cyo Kwizera" (Gukusanya Inkuru)
- 1949 - "Intare zikiri nto"
- 1950 - "Kwizera, ariko reba" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1951 - "Kurenganya Ether" / "umwuka wo koga" (Umuroma)
- 1956 - CROCY CROWZA (RABANI)
- 1957 - "Stage ku Jockey yapfuye" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1960 - "Ibyumweru bibiri mu wundi mujyi" (Umuroma)
- 1965 - "Ijwi ry'umunsi w'izuba" (Umuroma)
- 1965 - "Urukundo kumuhanda wijimye" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1970 - "Umukire, Pozhnyak" (Umuroma)
- 1973 - "nimugoroba muri Byzantium" (Umuroma)
- 1973 - "Imana yari hano, ariko yamaze kugenda" (gukusanya inkuru)
- 1975 - "Porter yijoro" (Umuroma)
- 1977 - "Umusabirizi, Umujura" (Umuroma)
- 1978 - "Imyaka mirongo itanu" (Akusanya Inkuru)
- 1979 - "Umusozi Hejuru" (Umuroma)
- 1981 - "Umugati hejuru y'amazi" (Umuroma)
- 1982 - "Igihombo cyemewe" (Umuroma)