Ubuzima
Umugani w'ubwiza bwa Nefertiti, muka Farawo Amentotep IV, barimo gucuruza n'abakunda amateka ya Egiputa imyaka amagana. Umukobwa wifuza, hari amakuru make yerekeye ibyahise, yabaye umubyimba w'abofatanya na leta kandi afasha uwo bashakanye kugira ngo amenyekanishe idini rishya mu gihugu. Urebye ifoto yakozwe na bust yazigamye, ni byiza kuvuga ko izina "ubwiza buhebuje" (ubusobanuro busanzwe bwizina ryumwamikazi) naryo rikwiye rwose.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ahantu Nefertiti yavutse ntazwi. Itariki yamaze kuvuka kwa Guverinoma 1370 mbere ya Yesu bc. Nta cyemezo cy'uko umwamikazi uzaza wagaragaye ku butaka bwa Misiri. Inyandiko isanzwe ivuga ko umukobwa yaguye mu gihugu cya Repubulika ya Arumeniya mu myaka 12. Birashoboka ko izina nyaryo rya nefertiti ari tadich. Umwana yavukiye muri Mezopotamiya mu muryango w'umwami Tashrut. Gushiraho umubano na Farawo, Nefertiti yohereje muri Egiputa nk'impano.
Birashoboka ko AmenHhotep wa III yari se wukuri wa Nefertiti, nubwiza bwubwiza - inshoreke ya harem, aho umukobwa muto azatura nyuma. Undi mukandida ku mwanya w'ababyeyi, abashakashatsi ba Egyptologue bahamagara umuyobozi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru witwa Ai. Yoo, nta na kimwe mu byo kandi ibitekerezo byatanzwe gifite umubare uhagije wimfatiro.
Inteko Nyobozi
Mugihe cyumukobwa wanyuma wokurije, Farawo utegeka arapfa. Kumenyera kumenyekana numuhungu wumutegetsi Amenhotep IV (uzwi kandi ku izina rya EHANTANON) byahinduye cyane ubuzima bwiza. Aho kuba urupfu rubabaje, ziteganyishije abatuye harem, wari umaze kwishimira Umwami, Nefertiti akora aho "umugore mukuru" w'umutegetsi mushya wa Misiri mushya.
Umukobwa ufite imyaka hafi 16, afata icyemezo cyiza cyo kutababwira ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara y'uwo mwashakanye. Asmenhhotep iv, iv yatangaje ko ibihe by'idini rishya. Imana nyinshi za Aton yaje gusimbuza Imana yonyine, ishushanya izuba.
Icyemezo gihuje n'uwo mwashakanye cyagize umurwa mukuru wa Leta mu mujyi wa Akhetaton. Inkunga y'uwo mwashakanye yagejeje ku mbuto za Neferti - Farawo yatangaje ko uwo ari we abona ko ashakanye afite ingwate, amaze kubona imbaraga, umugore wakiriye ubutegetsi atigeze atihisha ahasigaye ibwami. Nefertiti hamwe n'umugabo we bafataga imibare ya politiki, basiga umuhango kandi ku giti cye bakoze ibyabaye ku Manasha Imana nshya.
Iherezo ry'amategeko ryapimwe ryabaye nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwe mu bakobwa b'abashakanye. Ahari Ehnaton yabwiraga bwa mbere gukomeza ubwoko bwe, kuburyo umugore we adashoboka kubyara umurambike yakonje cyane cyane ya Farawo.
Nefertiti yambuwe imbaraga akava mu ngoro imyaka itari mike. Kubera ko ntashaka kubaho ubuzima mu mwijima, ubwiza bufata imirimo ya mwarimu w'umwana Tutankhamon - umuragwa wonyine w'uwo mugore wa kabiri wa Farawo. Ongera usubire ku ntebe, Nefertiti abona amahirwe yo guhindura ibyemezo by'uwo mwashakanye, ariko ubu abikora rwihishwa.
Abadegtologue b'imiryango bavuga ko nyuma y'urupfu rwa Amenotep, IV Neferti yigaruriye intebe kandi yibwira Farawo, ahitamo izina rya Smenkkar. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, igihe Tutarenkhamoni yageraga gusa imyaka ikuze, umwamikazi yavuye kubushake. Igitekerezo nkiki nticyemezwa numubare uhagije wo gufatwa nkizerwa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwo mwashakanye wa mbere wubwiza buke bwabaye amenhotep wa III. Ariko, ubumwe bwubukwe bwari bwari bufite intego. Nefertiti yari muri Harere ya Farawo ku butegetsi kandi ntiyahuye na uwo bashakanye, amarana n'indi nzego. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa AmenoteP, guverinoma izaza ya III ya Misiri itera ubwoba urupfu. Dukurikije ibinyejana byinshi - imigenzo y'inshoreke ya Farawo yashyinguwe hamwe n'iriba.Nefertiti yarekuwe amenhotep iv - umuhungu amenhotep wa III. Ntabwo bizwi aho umusore abona umukobwa, ariko ashoramejwe n'ubwiza no gutunganya inshoreke yashakanye na Nefertiti, bityo akamukiza urupfu. Vuba hagati ya Farawo n '"uwo mwashakanye" (umutwe nk'uwo wakiriye ubwiza) yahagaritse ibyiyumvo bikomeye.
Nefertiti yibarutse Farawo 6 abakobwa, kandi byaranze ibibazo byo gushyingirwa. Kwifuza gukomeza kubifashijwemo na samiir, Amenhotep IV yirukanye umugore we mu ntara. Ariko, uwo twashakanye, nubwo yabyaye umuhungu wabyaye, bidatinze arambiwe n'umutegetsi wa Misiri. Nefertiti agaruka murugo kandi ntagihuriye numukunzi we kugeza apfuye.
Urupfu
Abahanga mu zabukuru bavuga ko umwamikazi yapfuye mu myaka 30 kugeza 40. Aya ni yo makuru yonyine yerekeye abashakashatsi bavuga ko yizewe. Mummy Neferti ntabwo yabonetse, bityo ntibishoboka gushiraho icyateye urupfu rwa athotep iv.
Hariho ibitekerezo ko nyuma y'urupfu rwa Farawo, ntinyuzwe n'amabwiriza mashya, atunganya umugambi mushya, yica umwamikazi. Dukurikije indi verisiyo y'abahanga, indwara itazwi Lekari ntiyabonetse igihe yarushagaho gutera urupfu rwa Nefertiti. Umugore yapfiriye muri Filas.
Ahantu ho gushyingura ubwiza bukomeye ntirizwi. Kumyaka 20, abacukuzi b'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavuzaga cyane babonye imva y'umwamikazi, ariko cheque nziza ntabwo yemeza ko ibyo ari ukuri.
Muri 2015, hashingiwe ku iperereza ryakozwe na egyptologiste Carl Nicholas Rivza, abacukuzi b'ivya kera bavuze ko umurambo wa Nefertisiye wari wihishe mu cyumba cy'ibanga giherereye mu mva ya Tutankhamon. Ariko ibihugu bikaze kubyerekeye kumena cyangwa nta rukuta gihisha imva ishoboka, ntabwo byateye imbere.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Kugira ngo ntatakaza ingaruka nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we, Nefertiti yashakanye na Tutankhamon ku mukobwa wabo Anhasenpaton.
- Y'abakobwa 6 b'umwamikazi ku myaka bakuze babayeho 3 gusa.
- Ibyerekeye ubwiza bwa Guverinoma ya Egiputa burashobora gucirwa urubanza na bust yateganijwe na Nefertiti yazigamye. Abacukuzi b'ivya kera bavumbuye kubona ibintu by'agaciro ku bucukuzi bw'umujyi wa Achetatoni. Noneho igishushanyo cyumugore cyashyizwe ku butaka bwinzu ndangamurage nshya i Berlin.
- Gusomana kwa ehnaton kuva i Nefertiti bifatwa nkimpano yambere yintara. Gutabarwa no gutabarwa, aho Farawo asoma uwo mwashakanye, yabonetse mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Ahetaton wavuzwe. Usibye abashakanye bayobora, mwishusho hari Athon.
- Iherezo rya Guverinoma ni umugambi ushimishije wo kwerekana amashusho. Filime "Nefertiti" yabaye izwi cyane, yasohotse mu 1995. Uruhare rw'umwamikazi rwakoze Michel Rocco di Torrepadul.