Ubuzima
Umwanditsi w'igitabo, umusizi n'ururimi Ryunca Akutagawa - umwe mu bayapani ba mbere baho igezweho ibitabo byabo byatangiye kugaragara mu Cyongereza. AKutagawa ntabwo yanditse imirimo minini, muburyo bushobora kwitwa ubutungane yizeye, yakunze kwitabaza insanganyamatsiko z'ubwoba n'urupfu. Nubwo hari ubuzima bugufi, Ryunca yasize akantu gakomeye mu mivugo yigihe cye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza Ryunca Acutagawa yavutse ku ya 1 Werurwe 1892 i Tokiyo, izina ry'umuhungu risobanura "ikiyoka". Igihe Ryunca yavukaga, nyina yari asanzwe afite imyaka 30, na se umaze imyaka irenga 40. Papa Umuhungu yagurishijwe amata, yari afite urwuri rwe mu nkengero za Tokiyo.
Muri kiriya gihe, Abayapani bemera ko kubyara umwana mu bantu bari bamaze kuhira imyaka 30, ikimenyetso kibi. Kubwibyo, nyuma yumuhango wa kera, ababyeyi bitwaza ko bameze nkumuhungu. Ibi byose byahinduwe gusa kubera imiziririzo.
Iyo umwana yari afite amezi 9, ababyeyi bamuhaye uburere bwabo mumuryango utabyara wumuvandimwe wa Mama - Mitiaki Akutagawa, nyuma yo kuba umuyobozi wubwubatsi bwa perefegitura ya Tokiyo. Umuhungu rero yatakaje izina rya Nihara maze ahinduka Acutagava.
Umwana yabuze nyina mu rubyiruko, afite imyaka 10. Yarasaze kubera urupfu rw'umukobwa w'imfura kandi yiyahuye mu bitaro bya disckitric. Indwara n'urupfu bya nyina mu buzima bwabo bwose byagumye gukomeretsa umwanditsi. Yakunze gutekereza ku ndwara zo mu mwuka kandi ntinyagatinya cyane.
Abakurambere b'umuryango aho umuhungu yahawe abanditsi n'abahanga, bityo abayoboke bagerageje gukurikiza imigenzo y'umuco ya kera. Hano hari ibisigo no mu migori yo mu gihe cyo hagati, byagaragaye neza imibereho ya kera, ishingiye ku kumvira igice cy'inzu.
Mu 1910, umusore warangije amashuri yisumbuye ya Tokiyo, yari umwe mu barangije neza. Ryunca yahisemo ibitabo byicyongereza kwiga, kwiyandikisha muri kaminuza ya mbere ku ishami ryibitabo.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, Acutagawa yarangije kaminuza maze yinjira muri kaminuza ya Obongereza. Ryunca n'inshuti ze, abanditsi b'ejo hazaza - Kume Masao, Kikuti Hiroshi na Yamamoto Yuji, yari azi ibihugu byose by'ibitabo by'iburengerazuba. Bakunze kuyobora impaka zerekeye amabwiriza menshi ya byose bihuye nibisabwa byiminsi yabo. Amasomo muri Kaminuza yababaje umwanditsi wa Nouvice: Ubwa mbere, ibiganiro byasaga naho bidasabwe kumushaka, nyuma aratenguha rwose kandi arabasura na gato.
Ubuvanganzo
Vuba cyane Ryunche hamwe ninshuti bashimishijwe nikibazo cyikinyamakuru cyaha. Igitabo cyahawe imyanya yo kunegura ishuri rya kamere ya kamere, ihagarariye "Anti-Abaliste". Bakomeje cyane cyane ku gaciro k'ubuvanganzo nkubuhanzi, baburaniraga uburenganzira bwo kuvangabana ninvazi.
Byongeye kandi, basabye kubura Monotony kandi bashimye cyane imvugo yishusho, ubugingo bwururimi. AKutagawa nabantu be bahuje ibitekerezo byari uburyo bwo guhanga bwatangaje ko hazavuza. Inkuru yo Kwinginga "Umusaza" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyabo mu 1914, guhanga umwanditsi byaragaragaye hakiri kare. Icyamamare cya Acutahamava cyazanye inkuru zituruka mubuzima bwa jalaya yo mu kinyejana cyamamare cy'Ubuyapani ", Irembo Rasloon", "izuru" n '"ifu y'i kuzimu".
Mu rubyiruko, abanditsi b'Abayapani bo mu Mavabutabo bya Maidzi n'ibihugu by'Uburayi Ibihe byagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri Ryunca. Umusizi yari yumvise neza mubitabo by'Uburusiya. Amateka ya Nikolai Gogol "Shinel yahumekeje Ryunca kugirango akore inkuru" Bataki yo gukora inkuru "Bataki", hamwe nigice cya Anton Chekhov "Cherry umubabaro" washishikarije kwandika inkuru "ubusitani". Naho akazi ka Waldshnep, byanditswe mu 1921, abantu nyamukuru bari muri yo ni intare Tolstoy na Ivan Turènev.
Abanegura benshi barimo kugaragara kuri aya makuru mugihe Ryunche yihebye kubera urukundo rubabaje. Yashatse kwishora mu isi idahwitse, ihindukirira ukuri.
Intekor n'umujyanama we mu mwanditsi AKutagawa yabonaga ko Natsuma, uwo yahuye igihe yiga muri kaminuza. Ibitabo bya mbere byari bishishikajwe na ba shebuja, kandi icyo gihe yafatwaga nk'imwe mu mpuguke nziza z'inzobere mu bitabo byicyongereza byikinyejana cya 20. Impamvu z'umuntu ku giti cye zo mu guhanga kwaduta yatewe mu mirimo ya Acutagaba: Umwanya w'intwari w'intwari, ikibazo cya Egoism nkikibazo cya societe muri rusange, kimwe na "leta Egoism ya japan".
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya AKutagawa, yakiriye umwanya wa mwarimu w'icyongereza mu ishuri rya kito. Muri iyi myaka, Ryunca azandika muri trainlles yerekeye mwarimu yasukiti - umuntu winyangamugayo, ariko utatanye uhora agwa mubihe byamatsiko. Mu gihe cy'amezi 9 yigisha, ibyegeranyo bigera kuri 20 bya Aphorisms, amagambo yashizweho. Muri bo, umwanditsi yavuze ibye:
"Nta mutimanama mfite. Mfite imitsi gusa. "Muri kiriya gihe, yanditse kubyerekeye isuku imbere niterambere ryumuntu wishimye. Ingaruka kandi Ingingo yubusobanuro bwimpumyi, bigaragarira mumateka yiswe "Madonna mwirabura".
Mu 1919, umwanditsi yatangiye gukora mu kinyamakuru Osaka Sibun. Nkumunyamakuru udasanzwe, Ryunche yohereje amezi 4 mubushinwa. Kubona aho, byarababaje umwanditsi: Yagarutse ku bananiwe, bose na bo bababazwa no kudasinzira no guhungabana ubwoba.
Nyuma yo gutangaza inkuru "muburyo butandukanye", uburyo bwo guhanga bwo kwandika umwanditsi yarahindutse rwose. Insanganyamatsiko zimirimo zabaye burimunsi, kandi uburyo burahuye kandi burumvikana.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muri kaminuza ya Ryunca yakoze icyifuzo cy'amaboko n'imitima y'amagi ya Jomish, ariko se wakira yarwanyije ubu bumwe. Umwanditsi yaramuteze amatwi, bityo ubuzima bwihariye bwa Acutagava bufitanye isano nundi mugore. Muri Werurwe 1919, Ryunca na Fumi Tskamoto binjiye mubukwe bwemewe.
Abashakanye babyaranye abahungu batatu: Umwana wa mbere wa Hiroshi yavutse ku ya 30 Werurwe 1920, itariki yavutse ku mwana wa kabiri Takashi - ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 1922, naho umwana wa gatatu wa Yakusi yavutse ku ya 12 Nyakanga 1925. Mu bihe biri imbere, Yakusi yabaye uwahimbye, kandi Hiroshi numuntu uzwi cyane. Naho Takashi, yari umunyeshuri, ariko umusore ahamagara serivisi ingabo. Umusore yarwanye muri Miyanimari, aho yapfiriye mu 1945.
Umugore w'umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 11 Nzeri 1968 bitewe no kugabanuka kwa Myocardial.
Urupfu
Mu bicuruzwa bya autobiografiya "ibiziga by'ibikoresho", umwanditsi yasobanuye ko salusiyo ze. Mu myaka yashize, Acutagava yari afite ibitekerezo bidasanzwe byo kwiyahura, yabonye imvugo mu mirimo y'Imana "ubuzima bw'igicucu" n '"ibaruwa ifite inshuti ishaje." Nyuma yo gutekereza cyane ku bijyanye nuburyo n'aho bapfuye, ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1927, Ryunca Akutagawa yiyahuye na we, akira igipimo cya Veroneal, ntangarugero n'ubuzima.
Mbere y'ibyo, ati: Yongeye guhaguruka, akora ku meza, ndetse no mu ijoro ryo ku ya 23 Nyakanga kugeza 24 Nyakanga kugeza ku ya 24 Nyakanga mu idirishya ry'Inama y'Abaminisitiri, umucyo washyinguwe, maze hashize umunsi wanyuma, asanga yapfuye. Urupfu rw'umwanditsi rwatunguwe n'inshuti kandi tuziranye, ariko ntibyabaye igitangaza, kubera ko RYUnca yakoraga nabi kwiyahura.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, impamvu y'iki gikorwa yagumye itazwi, bamwe bavuga impungenge zidasobanutse ku mwanditsi. Ahari ibi biterwa no kwibuka bibabaza urupfu rwa nyina cyangwa imiterere yubuhanzi kandi yumuntu. AKUTAgagawa yavuze inshuro nyinshi ko yakunze kubona impanga kumuhanda.
Mu 1935, inshuti y'umwanditsi, umwanditsi kandi umwanditsi Kikuta Kan yashyizeho igihembo cy'ubuvanganzo cyitiriwe Ryanca Akutagawa. Rimwe mu mwaka yahawe igihembo cyo gukundana ubuvanganzo. Byongeye kandi, muri 2016, urukurikirane rwa anime "pin nini yayobye" yakuweho, aho Ryunca Akutagawa yabaye prototype yimiterere nyamukuru. Ifoto yintwari irashobora kugaragara kuri enterineti.
Bibliografiya
- 1914 - "Umusaza"
- 1915 - "Irembo rya Rasloon"
- 1916 - "izuru"
- 1916 - Igikoni cya Batata
- 1916 - "igitambaro cy '
- 1916 - "Itabi na satani"
- 1917 - "JAM ihoraho"
- 1917 - "Impungenge nyinshi"
- 1917 - "Ibyishimo"
- 1917 - "Ubujura"
- 1918 - "Paudinka"
- 1918 - "Ikuzimu y'irungu"
- 1918 - "URUPFU rw'Abakristo"
- 1919 - "Imbwa n'ifirimbi"
- 1919 - "Ubuzima bwa Mutagatifu Cyrustohoro"
- 1919 - "Ibitangaza byubumaji"
- 1919 - "INGINGO"
- 1920 - "Impeshyi"
- 1920 - "NanJing Kristo"
- 1920 - "Mana ya AGNI"
- 1921 - "Muri kenshi kenshi"
- 1922 - "Rusange"
- 1922 - "Trolley"
- 1922 - "Isoko ry'amafi"
- 1922 - Batershnya Rokuniyaamia
- 1923-1927 - "Amagambo ya Pagmy"
- 1923 - "Intambara y'Inguge na Crab"
- 1925 - "Kimwe cya kabiri cyubuzima bwadodi ibyaha"
- 1926 - "Isezerano"
- 1927 - "Mu gihugu cy'amazi"
- 1927 - "Inziga zikirinda"
- 1927 - "Ubuzima bwa Iciti"
- 1927 - "Iburengerazuba"