Ubuzima
Umwanditsi uzwi cyane muri Amerika Jerome David Salinger yabaye umwe mu banditsi bakomeye bo mu kinyejana cya 20. Igitabo cy'umwanditsi cyabaye igitabo cy'umwanditsi "hejuru y'ikuzimu". Naho ingano, umusanzu mubitabo ntushobora kwitwa bikomeye, ariko bake mubanditsi bashoboraga gushyirwa kumutwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Jerome David Sallinger yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1919 mu mujyi wa New York. Se w'umuhungu, Salomo Sallinger, mu bwenegihugu ni Umuyahudi w'inkomoko ya Lituwaniya, yakoraga ubucuruzi bwo ku bucuruzi na foromaje. Mama Miriam, witwaga izina rya Mariya Gillik mu bukwe, wari ufite inkomoko ya Irlande, yemeye idini rya Yuda. Mu muryango, usibye Jerome, mukuru we Doris yararezwe. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'abana ni imyaka 8 n'amezi 2.
Data yashakaga gukura umuhungu we ku muntu wize. Mu 1936, umusore warangije amashuri ya gisirikare mu mujyi wa VaLO Fortj. Imyenda ye yabereye mu bitabo: Jerome yanditse imizimbe 3 ku izina ryamayoma yishuri, rikaba rirasohozwa.
Mu ci ryo mu 1937, Sallinger yumvise ibiganiro muri kaminuza ya New York, kandi nyuma y'umwaka wa Polonye, aho mu mujyi wa Bydgoszcz abivuga, bisabwe na Se, gukora sosito yize. Yagarutse mu rugo, yitabiriye ibiganiro muri Ishuri Rikuru, maze mu 1939 yinjira muri kaminuza ya Columbia, ahavuga ko yateganyirije inzira y'amateka magufi, asoma W.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Dawidi ntiyarangije ikigo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kwigisha kandi ntiyerekanye ibyifuzo by'umwuga. Kub'ibi, yateje kutanyurwa kwa se, uwo amaherezo byagaragaye burundu.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1942, Jerome yahamagariye ingabo, aho yarangije amashuri ya ofizi mu ishuri ry'itumanaho. Umwaka utaha, umutwe wa Serija wimuriwe ku mugabo mu kwishyira mu buhanga kandi wohereza Nashville mu mujyi wa Nashville.
Kurema
Inyuguti nkuru nyinshi za salinger ni abana bari munsi yimyaka 17. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ntibishoboka ko bishobora kwitwa umwanditsi "umwana" w'abana. Mu kazi, umwanditsi azamura insanganyamatsiko yo kurwanya ingimbi n'isi ikikije. Intwari zimirimo zishyira kubaho itabona imipaka runaka.
Imvugo ya mbere "Urubyiruko" mu 1940 rwasohotse ikinyamakuru. Naho icyamamare cya mbere gikomeye, yaje nyuma yo gutangaza "ifi-bananka", isobanura umunsi wikirahure cya Sira nuwo bashakanye.
Nyuma yimyaka 11 nyuma yo gutangaza akazi kambere, ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1951, yacapishijwe igitabo cyonyine "hejuru y'ikuzimu cya Rye", umwanditsi yakoze kuri iyi nkuru imyaka 10.
Abanegura ubuvanganzo bwayo gihe bemeje igitabo, ntibaratakaza icyamamare. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, igitabo cyabujijwe mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe no mu bihugu by'Amerika kubera kwiheba no gukomera.
Ku bisohoka mu gitabo mu bitabo bitandukanye byatangajwe imirimo 26 ya Jerome, harimo no 7 kuri 9. Mu 1953, bakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye byitwa "inkuru icyenda". Muri za 60, umurimo wa "Franni na Zui" na "hejuru ya rafters, ababaji" barasohoka.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1942, Jerome yatangiye guhura na Yaan, umukobwa wa The PlayWoght wa Yujina O'Neill. Ariko bidatinze yamenyereye Charlie Chaplin hanyuma aramurongora.
Umugore wa mbere wa Sallinger yabaye Umudage Siliviya WelTter. Yatabanje muri yombi Abanazi, hanyuma aramurongora. Bose hamwe basubira muri Amerika, aho babaga mu nzu y'ababyeyi ba Jerome. Ariko ubukwe bwahindutse igihe gito - nta kubaho kandi imyaka, abashakanye baratandukanye.
Dukurikije umukobwa wa Sallinger, impamvu yo kuruhuka ari ukudahuye n'ibitekerezo: Nyuma umwanditsi yazanye izina risuzuguritse "Salva" ku mukobwa, ni ubuhe "amacandwe" bisobanukirwa mu Cyongereza.
Umugore wa kabiri w'umwanditsi yabaye umunyeshuri Claire Douglas, umukobwa wo kunegura ubuhanzi ya Robert Langton Douglas. Inama yabaye mu 1950, icyo gihe Claire yari afite imyaka 16, kandi umwanditsi afite imyaka 31. Umukobwa wo mu muryango w'Abongereza bubahwa yanyuze mu ntambara kure y'intambara.
Amakuru amwe avuga ko umwanditsi yashutswe na Claire, ariko ibi ntabwo ari ukuri. Muri kiriya gihe, Jerome yazamutse mu mwuka kandi yirinze hafi ye. Umujyanama we nibwo Giru Umuhinde, kandi ibikorwa byagaragaye mubikorwa byumwanditsi.
Claire na Jerome bashakanye mu 1955, umukobwa wa Margaret n'umuhungu Matayo yavukiye mu muryango. Umukinyi washimangiye ko umugore yateye amahugurwa amezi 4 mbere yo kurekurwa arimuhindukirira. Umukobwa yaguye mujijuka kandi akora, nk'abakundwa yabajije.
Inzu umuryango ukiri muto wabagaho, gusa hamwe na raghtressi yashoboraga kwitwa gukwiriye amazu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nka Marigaret Raporo mu magambo ya nyina, umwanditsi uzwi uzwi wasabye amasahani meza y'umugore we no kubeshya imyenda y'ibitanda 2 mu cyumweru.
Nkumwana, umukobwa yakunze kurwara, ariko umugabo, ashingiye ku kujijuka kwe, yanze gutera umuganga. Nyuma, Claire yemeye umukobwa we, yazengurukaga rwose inkombe, atekereza kwiyahura mugihe atwite.
Dukurikije imyizerere ya Margaret, we na murumuna we bavutse ku bw'amahirwe, umukobwa yemera ko kuri Ji di dis ntibakunze kuba abana bifuzwa. Ariko umwanditsi yaje kuba umubyeyi mwiza: yakundaga gukina nabana kandi ashimishijwe ninkuru yinyandiko ye.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, burigihe, burigihe gukurura abagore. Mu 1966, umwanditsi yahukanye Claire, bidatinze, aho yari afatwa n'umunyamakuru Joyce Main Maine, wari ufite imyaka 18 muri kiriya gihe.
Colin yabaye umugore wa nyuma wa Salinger, yari afite imyaka 50.
Urupfu
Nyuma yigitabo "Hejuru ya Pelia muri Rye" Yamenyekanye, Sallinger yayoboye ubuzima bwiza. Nyuma ya 1965, umwanditsi yahagaritse gucapwa - Nahimbye inkuru wenyine.
Muri New Hampshire, Jerome David Sallinger yapfuye urupfu rusanzwe mu nzu ye ku ya 27 Mutarama 2010. Umukozi w'umwanditsi yavuze ko mu 2009, Sallinger yangije igufwa rya pelvic, ariko yumva neza igihe kirekire.
Umugore wanyuma Colin n'umuhungu Matayo yabaye abaragwa b'umwanditsi. Ubuzima bwumwanditsi bwari bwuzuye ibintu bishimishije, kandi amwe mumagambo ye yabaye umugani.
Tencontaire "kubwinyenyeri ya Rye" ivuga kumiterere nubuzima bwa salinger.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Kw'ishure hejuru ya Jerome, bakunze kwivuza kubera izina rye rya kabiri - Dawidi. Kugirango wirinde ibibazo, SATHEINDER YABUZE ABARIMI BAMVIRA KURI IZINA RWA KA KIMWAKA. By the way, umuhungu yize cyane, gusa ibikorwa byerekana ibikorwa byuruziga rudasanzwe rushobora gutandukanywa nitsinzi yishuri.
- Mu 1942, umwanditsi yagiye muri serivisi, aho yitabiriye ibikorwa bizwi ku kabati kamanuka muri Normandy. Gusubira mu rugo, Salinger yakubise ibitaro asuzumye "guhungabana ubwoba".
- Umwanditsi ntibyari byoroshye kubona apfion ye nyuma yo gutangazwa "hejuru y'ikuzimu". Jerome ntiyifuzaga kuvugana n'abanyamakuru, yagennye ubuzima bwo kugarura. Kera yanze umwanditsi umwanditsi yashubije kugerageza gukora inama y'amabaruwa ye.
- Umwanditsi yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku bushakashatsi, Abahindu na Budisime. Isi ye yari yihariye cyane.
- Nubwo Sallinger ari ukubera inzu iri kure, hafi y'ishyamba, yamuteze uruzitiro maze abuza ku ruganda rw'abakobwa atandukanye.
- Ikiganiro kimwe na Sallwinger cyari kikiri - umunyeshuri wiga mumashuri yisumbuye kubinyamakuru "Clermont Dale Nedl". Umwanditsi amenye ko inyandiko y'ikinyamakuru yaguye ku murongo wa mbere w'ikinyamakuru cyaho, yaje kurakara. Nyuma yiki gihe, kumva ko yeguriwe Yero yazinze inzu uruzitiro ruhanitse.
- Salinger yarazengurutse gutangaza ibikorwa bye bitari ngombwa mu gihe cyo kuva muri 2015 kugeza 2020. Muri bo harimo amakuru ya autobiografiya yerekeye ibibazo byakozwe na we mu gihe cy'intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
- Mu nkuru "ibaruwa yatakaye" yasohowe numubare nyawo wa terefone yumwanditsi: 603-675-5244.
- Mu mpera za 2016, Ikigo cyiga mu Gikarito Ikigo cy'uburezi cyafunguye kwakira ibyifuzo by'abahanzi bifuza gutura mu mwanya wahoze ari abakinyi. Kubatsinze, bourse ntoya yagenewe, yatumye bishoboka kwibanda ku gukora umurimo udasanzwe.
- Iyo umuntu anenga ubuvanganzo Jan Hamilton, biragaragara ko adashakisha inzira zoroheje, yagerageje kwandika ubuzima bw'umwanditsi. Ariko Jerome yararakaye cyane ku buryo yatanze Hamilton gushyiraho itegeko ryo kubungabunga ikoreshwa ry'inzandiko zitari zitangazwa mbere.
- 3 "Injangwe" ziba mu rugo rwabayeho mu nzu ya SALFIER: Kitty-1, Kitty-2 na Kitty-3.
Amagambo
Kuberako umuntu yapfuye, ntiyashoboraga kureka kumukunda, ntiyashoboraga kureka kumukunda, - cyane cyane niba aruta abandi bose, urumva? Byaba byiza kubintu bimwe bitahindutse. Nibyiza, niba bashobora gushyirwa mubimenyetso bya glazed kandi ntibikoreshwe. Abagore ni inanga, ugomba kuba umucuranzi mwiza kugirango ubyumve. Ni umunsi, kandi ugomba guhitamo aho ujya. Kandi uhite ukeneye kujyayo aho wahisemo. Ako kanya. Ntabwo ufite uburenganzira bwo gutakaza umunota. Ntushobora. Natekereje uburyo abana bato bakina nimugoroba mumurima munini, muri Rye. Ibihumbi by'abana, n'uruziga - cyangwa ubugingo, nta mukuru, uretse njye. Kandi mpagarara ku nkombe z'urutare, kubera ikuzimu, urabizi? Kandi ubucuruzi bwanjye ni ugufata abana kugirango batasina ikuzimu. Urabona, bakina kandi ntibabona aho biruka, hanyuma ndayiruka ndabafata kugirango batasenya. Ibyo aribyo byose akazi kanjye. Kumva abasore hejuru yikuzimu. Nzi ko ari ubuswa, ariko iki nikintu cyonyine nshaka rwose. Ndakeka ko ndi umuswa.Bibliografiya
- 1940 - Ingimbi
- 1940 - Reba na Eddie
- 1941 - Gushinja, gukosora
- 1941 - Kwiyuhagira inkuru itishimye
- 1942 - Amahirwe yo Gukunda Lois Taggett
- 1942 - Raporo idasanzwe kubyerekeye abanyamaguru umwe
- 1943 - Abavandimwe ba Viruka
- 1943 - Ishyamba rya Tide
- 1944 - Ukurikije amasezerano
- 1944 - Serija Yumutima
- 1944 - Umunsi wanyuma wo kwirukana nyuma
- 1944 - Rimwe mu cyumweru - Ntuzatakara
- 1945 - Elaine
- 1945 - Ndasaze
- 1945 - Umusirikare mu Bufaransa
- 1945 - Herring muri Barriel
- 1945 - Strying
- 1946 - Ihuriro ryoroshye kuri Avenue ya Madison
- 1948 - Umukobwa umenyerewe
- 1949 - Umugabo wasetse
- 1949 - Mu bwato
- 1951 - Kandi iyi minwa, n'amaso y'icyatsi
- 1952 - Ubururu bwapfuye bwa Smith
- 1953 - Teddy
- 1955 - Hejuru ya Rafters, ababaji
- 1959 - Simor: Intangiriro
- 1965 - Umunsi wa 16 wa Hapworth