Ubuzima
Gi de Maupassen ni umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa, aduha, yahuye na kamere. Umugabo yashoboye kubona ibintu byose kubitabo. Abadashidikanywaho mu rukundo, yahinduye abagore benshi mu nyuguti z'igitabo, inkuru n'ibitabo. Kandi ni umugenzi ushishikaye uza hejuru yuburayi areba mu mpande zombi z'isi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ryumwanditsi ni Henri Rene-Alber-Guy de Maupassan. Yavukiye mu isambu Miromenil hafi y'umujyi wa diepe mu muryango w'abanyacyubahiro bakennye. Sogokuru yatangiye, se wa Guustuu de Maupassasa ntiyari agisigaranye uko yajya ku kazi. Yahawe umugabo na Broker kungurana imigabane, yari astrett, yakundaga ubuhanzi, busize ibara ry'ingamba. Numvise igipimo n'imibereho.
Ariko arongora ku buryo bunyuranye - inshuti yo mu bwana Laura Le poater yatandukanijwe n'imiterere ikomeye kandi yatekereje. Ariko, bombi ntibagendeye munsi yinzu. Umurage wa kabiri, umugore hamwe n'abahungu be yagiye mu mujyi wa Ertet wa Erkiya, aho villa ye yari iherereye.
Ubwato bwa Mopassana bwahunze uburangare nubusa. Umuhungu yihaye, nuko amara umwanya munini mumuhanda. Kuva akiri muto yize gufata amafi, yirukana ubucuti n'abahinzi, abasare, abarobyi.
Ku myaka 13, umudendezo warangiye. Mama yateguye Gi muri Seminari yo mu mwuka. Uburemere bw'ikigo cy'uburezi ntabwo bwari bumeze umwangavu - ukunda ubwisanzure: Nakoraga inshuro nyinshi, nkenerwa koherezwa mu musenerateri udasabutse n'ikimwaro.
Ababyeyi bahisemo kugerageza umunezero we muri Lycerum ya Ruan, aho no mu muhungu we. Hano umusore yashinze imizi, yerekanaga ubushobozi bwubumenyi nubuhanzi, kandi cyane, wasanze abayobora mu isi yubuvanganzo. Umusizi Louis Bui kandi umwanditsi Gustave Flaubert yabaye abajyanama ba mbere. Nyuma y'ikibazo, umusore yagiye mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, aho yinjiye mu ishami ry'amategeko. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwamennye intambara na Prussia.
Maupassant yagiye mu ntambara isanzwe, icyo gihe yatsindiye ishyaka rya siyansi ya kamere. Gusubira mu rugo, sinashoboraga gukomeza kwiga - Ibibazo by'ubukungu byatangiye, ababyeyi ntibashoboye kwishyura kaminuza. Nabwirijwe kujya muri serivisi. GI imyaka itandatu yatanze minisiteri yo mu nyanja, kugabanya impera hagamijwe kumpera kumushahara muto. Umwuga, wafashwe rwose, ni ibitabo.
Kurema
Gukorera muri Minisiteri, Gi de Maupassen munsi yintangiriro ya flaubert yatangiye gukora intambwe yambere kumurima wo kwandika. Imyaka itari mike yakoze gusa ibyo nanditse, yatsembye inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yongera kwicara ikaramu. Flaubert yashimangiye ko umusore azamara umwanya "kuri muse" buri munsi, uko atekereza, ubu buryo bwonyine bushobora gutsinda. Kandi ubanza, kubuza umunyeshuri gucapwa. Abifashijwemo n'umujyanama, Maupassan yimukiye muri minisiteri y'uburengerazuba mu ishami rishinzwe uburezi bukuru.
Igitabo cya mbere muri biography yo guhanga yumutwe wa Nougoce cyabaye mu 1875. Igitabo cy'urubanza "cyasohotse mu kinyamakuru kiri mu kinyamakuru gihimbano, kimwe n'igisigo" ku nkombe ", haje urusaku", rutera urusaku rwinshi mu buryo bwavuguruwe maze bazana umwanditsi. Umurimo wakiriye izina rishya ni "umukobwa", uhagarariye abayobozi bashinzwe kugenzura bafatwa ponogarafiya. Flauberart yaje gutabara, akora ibaruwa imwe.
Mu 1880, urumuri rwabonye inkuru "Pyshk", rwinjiye mu cyegeranyo. Muri iki gitabo, hamwe no gutangira imirimo, abaturanyi baturanye inkuru ya Emil Zol, Zhoris-Charles GUSISMANS N'AMAFARANGA POATWAYKov.
Inkuru yabyaye igikoma mu banegura n'abasomyi b'ibyuma byiza kandi bikaba byiza. Ku kazi, ndetse yatanze ikiruhuko amezi atandatu. Gukurikira "Pyshki", icyegeranyo cy'ibisigo cy '"ibisigo" byasohotse, nyuma areka umuyobozi maze akora mu kinyamakuru.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, Maupassan yakoze byinshi. Ibitekerezo bya Corsica, Alijeriya na Brittany basutse mu mashusho, ibitabo n'inyandiko. Urugero, Corsicans, yahumekewe gukora igitabo "Ubuzima". Mu myaka icumi ishize, iherezo, umwanditsi yashoboye gukora akazi ka axibolic.
Kunganya ubuvanganzo butange "Pierre na Jean", "ku mazi", "munsi y'izuba", "mu Byanditswe", "mu Isezerano" kandi, birumvikana ko ari inshuti nziza. " Gi de Maupassan yazamuwe ajyanwa mu mwanya wa mbere muri Pleadi y'inyenyeri zo mu gitabo cy'Abafaransa.
Umusomyi yashimye Moopasana, yashoboye gufata umwanzuro umwuga w'inyongera. Mu mwaka, umwanditsi yabonye amafaranga agera ku gihumbi 60 kandi atura hejuru y'ikirego kinini, atibagirwa amafaranga kugira ngo ashyigikire nyina na bene wabo ba murumuna we. Imiterere myiza yakozwe izuba rirenze, umutungo mwinshi wabonetse, urimo ubwato bwinshi.
Amabanga yo gukundwa kubanditsi b'iki gihe byari bigaragara. Zola yavuze ko GI abigiranye ubuhanga akina, avuga neza n'abasomyi, kandi niba akoresheje stair, nubwo ikoresha igicucu cy'ubugome kandi gikarishye. Intare Tolstoy yasobanuye phenomenon ya Fame Mooporas kuba Umufaransa yabonye "ubuzima bwiza mu mugore, mu rukundo."
Umwanditsi yatwaye ubucuti na bagenzi bawe bazwi mubuvanganzo. Hafi ya bugufi na Ivan Turgenev, Alexis, Leon yarohamye hamwe nabandi bantu bazwi. Numvise mugenzi mwiza nizindi.
Igice cyimirimo ya Gi de Maupassant yabaye ishingiro rya firime ziranga. Bwa mbere umurimo we wabayeho kuri firime muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Mu 1934, umuyobozi Mikhail Romm yakuyeho ishusho y'ikiragi "gusunika". Willy Forst (1936), Pierre Cardinal (1983) hanyuma utange Donnellan (2012) uhagarariwe. Muri kaseti yanyuma, Hollywood Stars Robert Pattinson, ubwenge burman, Christina Ricci.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Gi de Maupassan yagize ikibazo cyo kutagira umupaka kubagore, yumvise urukundo, atangira agace k'ibitabo hamwe no guhuza bidasanzwe. Gukunda ibintu byabaye ishingiro ryumugabane wintare wimirimo. Ndetse no gutenguha ntibyabujije umugabo. Umunsi umwe, umusore w'imyaka 18 yakundanye na Parisian witwa Fanny kandi yegutanga ibisigo bye. Kuzunguruka munsi ya Windows kubakunzi, wumvise umukobwa asetsa gusoma mukunda inshuti.
Hariho amwe mumazina yibyifuzo bimaze kuva mubuzima bukuze bwumufaransa: Umubare Emmanuel Pototkaya, Ermina, Canie Cannes. Ariko, umwanditsi yagerageje kohereza umubano witangazamakuru. Hari ukuntu na rimwe hateguwe na Duel hamwe n'umunyamakuru wavuze umudamu wakurikiyeho mu kinyamakuru.
Mu 1882, Maupassan yahise arongora, ariko ntabwo yageze mubukwe. Umugabo mbere yuko ubuzima burangira buguma ari ingaragu. Ahari gusa na rimwe habonetse wenyine. Umusore nuwanditse amagambo menshi yerekeye abakobwa babaye aphorisms. Umwe muri bo:
"Nkunda umugore umwe gusa - umuntu utazi, atari ukuri."
Urukundo Ibyabaye byahinduye indwara: Umwanditsi yanduye sifilis. Kandi inshuti ye yanditse kubyerekeye gusuzuma yishimye:
"Ndishimye, mfite sifile nyayo, kandi sintinya ko nzabatwara!"Nyuma yimyaka icumi nyuma y'urupfu rwa Gi de Maupasnt mu gitabo cy'Ubufaransa cya EDO, amakuru yunvikana yagaragaye ko umwanditsi w'inshuti "nziza" ari we: Abakobwa babiri n'umuhungu. Abaragwa batemewe, bakurikije imigenzo y'igihe, bambaraga izina rya Mama Josephine Litzelman.
Umwanditsi ubwe ntiyigeze avuga ku bana, kandi bene wabo bahakanye ko kubaho kwabo. Gi yavuye mu Isezerano, aho hantu hafi ya yose arira. Kimwe cya kane cyo kuzumuramuwe byimuriwe kubabyeyi.
Urupfu
Gi de Maupassan yari afite uburakari bubi. Mama yarwaye psychose, murumunawe yari apfiriye mu ivuriro ryindwara zo mu mutwe. Umwanditsi yatinyaga gutsimbarara ku buzima bwe bwose, ariko iki gihe nticyatsinze. Byongeye, ubuzima bwatesheje agaciro impagarara zikabije, kuko yanditse nta guhagarara.
Gita yatsinze umutwe, nyuma yo gufatwa ubwoba. Mu 1891, umugabo yagerageje kwiyahura, amutema umuhogo. Yaguye mu bitaro byo mu mutwe, nyuma yimyaka ibiri arapfa. Impamvu y'urupfu ni ubumuga bwo mu bwonko. Umwanditsi ushobora kuvugisha ukuri no gukora ku gukunda urukundo, ntabwo yarokotse kugeza ku myaka 43.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Moongasan, hamwe n'abandi muco, barwanyaga iyubakwa ry'umunara wa Eiffel, ahamagara imiterere ya "Skeleton mbi". Akenshi bitondetse ku gisenge cy'umunara, kubera ko gusa muri Paris gusa ntibyagaragaye.
- Umwanditsi yakundaga gutembera, yasuye ibihugu byinshi. Yanyuze kuri Brittany ndetse anafata indege muri ballon kuva mu Bufaransa mu Bubiligi.
- Umufaransa yanze uruzi, akunda siporo. Mu 1885 yaguze yacht yitwa "inshuti nziza." Nyuma yimyaka itatu, ubwato bwa kabiri bwagaragaye, bumaze kuba bwiza, ariko hamwe nizina rimwe.
- Ku byerekeye urukundo rw'umwanditsi w'umugaragu we Francois Tasser rwakoze igitabo "kwibuka kuri Guy de Moopan", babonye urumuri mu 1911. Umwanditsi yagenewe cyane gukingura ku mugaragaro umwenda w'amabanga y'ubuzima bwite nyirubwite.
Amagambo
"Ndakusanya abagore. Hamwe na imwe, mpura rimwe mumwaka, hamwe nabandi - rimwe mumezi atandatu, hamwe na gatatu - rimwe. Hamwe na bimwe - iyo babishaka. Ntabwo nakundaga umuntu uwo ari we wese "" Amagambo y'urukundo buri gihe, - byose biterwa n'umunwa wabo "" Yego, urukundo ni rwishema yonyine mu buzima, ariko natwe ubwacu tuyifata, tugatanga ibisabwa cyane "." Gusomana gake ntibishobora kugereranywa no gusomana kwabasamba "" Abagore ni ukuri rwose cyangwa, mubyukuri, kutagira "" umuntu akenshi akora amakosa. Byongeye kandi, ari ubuzima gusa akora ibikora gusa ibituma amakosa ari "" Umuntu wese uhagaze ku mbaraga za Leta ategekwa kwirinda intambara kimwe n'ubwa capitaine w'ubwato yirinda ubwato "Bibliografiya
- 1883 - "Ubuzima"
- 1885 - "Inshuti nziza"
- 1887 - Mont-Oriol
- 1888 - "Pierre na Jean"
- 1889 - "Nkuru nk'urupfu"
- 1890 - Umutima wacu
- "Kwifuza umuriro" (bitarangiye)
- "Umunyamahanga" (Utarangiye)
- "Abamarayika" (Utarangiye)