Ubuzima
Antoine de Saint-Exupery, umwe mu bagize intambara ya mbere n'icya kabiri n'icya kabiri, imbere y'amaso yabo yari ibintu bibabaje mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, inzira idahwitse yashoboye kubungabunga umurimo we nk'ikimenyetso cya igitangaje. Urwenya ruto na psychologiya yinkuru ze bikurura abasomyi kugeza na nubu.
Ikarita ya kabiri yubucuruzi yumutwe wumufaransa ni prose ubuzima. Mu gihe abo mu gihe banditse ibisekuruza byatakaye kandi biteye ubwoba bwo kubaho, Morua yashakaga ko inkomoko y'imbaraga z'imbere zishobora gutsinda ibiza byo mu kinyejana cya 20, mu nkuru z'ubuzima bw'abanditsi n'abatekereza kera.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi uzaza wa biografiya n'ibitabo byerekeranye n'amateka y'igihugu yavutse mu 1885 mu mujyi muto w'igifaransa muri Normandy. Ababyeyi be - Abashakanye b'Abayahudi ku izina rya Ezog, basabye Gatolika - bimukiye mu majyaruguru-uburengerazuba bw'Ubufaransa mu myaka mirongo ivuka. Mbere y'ibyo, umuryango wabaga muri alsace, ariko nyuma yo gukurikiza intambara ya Franco-Prussian mu 1871, isi yigaruriye Ubudage, yahisemo gukomeza kuba abayoboke b'Iburengerazuba no kwimuka mu burengerazuba.
Se wa Emil, Ernest Ezog, na sekuru mu murongo wa se wari ufite muri alsace hamwe nuruganda. Ndashimira imbaraga zabo, ntabwo ari umuryango wa nyir'ikigo gusa, ariko abakozi benshi bimukiye muri Normandia. Guverinoma yahaye sogokuru y'umwanditsikurikije igitambo cy'igifaransa cy'agakiza k'inganda z'igihugu.
Mugihe cyo kuvuka k'umuhungu, imibereho myiza yumuryango irakomezwa. Iyo babatijwe, umwana yakiriye izina rya Emil Salomoni Wilhelm. Hamwe n'igitangiriro cy'ibikorwa byo kwandika nk'izina nyaryo, Andre Morua yitwa Peseudonym yashizweho. Uburezi bwambere bwakiriwe muri siporo ya Elbef, kandi mumyaka 12 yinjiye muri Ruenim ya Pierre ya Pierre. Nyuma yimyaka 4, yahawe urwego rwimpushya.
Nubwo ubushobozi bwa Emil bwabonye umuyobozi ku ruganda rwa se. Nk'uko byatanga raporo zimwe, Inama Njyanama yavuye ku ishuri yamuhaye umwigisha w'Amagambo y'Umudiyamanye, wasohoye inyandiko za filozofiya munsi ya Alias ya Alain. Ibitekerezo bya charter byagize ingaruka kumyumvire yumunyeshuri. Nyamara, Herzog yinjiye muri kaminuza ya kanoni.
Emile yari afite imyaka 29 igihe Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose Igihe natangiraga. Binyuze mu myaka itatu mbere, yavuye mu kazi mu ruganda agerageza gufata umwanzuro ku mwuga. Erzog mu ntambara akora nk'umukozi w'icyongereza mu cyicaro gikuru cy'Icyongereza mu Bufaransa kandi itanga serivisi zimusemuzi muri Corps zo mu Bwongereza. Uburambe bwungutse nyuma bugaragarira mu gicuruzwa cye cya mbere - Igitabo "Guceceka kwa Coloneli Brambla".
Ubuvanganzo
Intwari yo mu gitabo cya mbere Andre Morua yegereye abaturage bo mu bihugu byose barwanira Ubudage. Igitabo kizana kumenyekana ku Bufaransa gusa, ahubwo no muri Amerika n'Ubwongereza. Mu 1922, igitabo cya kabiri cyasohowe - "Ijambo rya Dr. O'gredy", na ryo rizimya gutsinda. Morua yemeza guhitamo ibikorwa byubuvanganzo.
Umwanditsi yateguwe mu kinyamakuru "Croa de Fe", hanyuma nyuma yo gusiga Data agurisha ikigo. Muri iyi myaka, akusanya ibikoresho kubutatu bwa mbere. Mu 1923, Ariel, ubuzima bwa Suli arasohoka, nyuma yimyaka ine - igitabo kivuga kuri Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza Benjamin Dizrayeli, kandi mu 1930 - ubuzima bwa Baironi. Uru ruhererekane rwa nyuma rwitwa "Romantique Ubwongereza", rwakomeje ibyamamare byumwanditsi mu Bwongereza.
Mugereranije nibikorwa kuri biografiya ya morua itanga ibitabo. Yagengwaga mu 1926 Bernar Kenu avuga ibyerekeye umukambwe ukiri muto w'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, uwo ari we ufite impano mu buhanzi, agomba kurwanya ubushake mu ruganda rwumuryango. Kurikirana autobografiya yumugambi ntabwo bigoye.
Mu 1938, Morua w'imyaka 53 yamenyekanye cyane - atorerwa kubanyamuryango b'ishuri ry'Abafaransa. Ikigo cyiga ururimi rw'igihugu kandi rwita ku kubungabunga amahame y'ubuvanganzo, harimo no kwerekana ibiganiro by'iperereza 60 buri mwaka.
Kurema ubuvanganzo Andre Morua yahagaritse ibyago byintambara ya kabiri yisi yose. Umwanditsi yongeye gusobanurwa numukorerabushake kandi akora nka capitaine. Igihe Fashiste yashoboye kwigarurira Ubufaransa, asohoka muri Amerika akigisha igihe runaka muri kaminuza ya Kansas. Ariko, mu 1943, Morua, hamwe n'abasirikare, ingabo zifatanije na mu rubuga rwa ruguru. Hano no mbere yakurikiyeho, ahura n'inshuti ye, umuderevu wa gisirikare, umwanditsi Antoine de Saint-Exupery.
Mama Morua aragaruka mu 1946. Hano asohora icyerekezo cya mbere, kirimo "Hotel Tatos", kandi kigandika ubuzima bushya - "mugushakisha ibyegeranyo bya Marseille." Muri kiriya gihe, ahindura ibyangombwa, kandi uhimbano ahinduka izina ryukuri. Mu 1947, "amateka yo mu Bufaransa" agaragara - uwambere mu ruhererekane rw'ibitabo bijyanye n'amateka ya Leta. Nanone byakoreshejwe mu mateka y'Ubwongereza, Amerika n'ibindi bihugu.
Mu ntangiriro ya 50, icyegeranyo cy'inyandiko zacyo kisohoka: Inyandiko zigaruriwe n'imibumbe 16. Muri ubwo myaka imwe, urwenya rwiza, rwuzuye "inyuguti z'umunyamahanga". Morua akomeje gukora kuri biografiya. Ashishikajwe na Georges Salang, Alexander Duma, Victor FOGO ndetse na Alegizandere Fleming, waremye Peniciline. Yarangije iki gitabo cyahagaritswe kuri Balzac. Umwanditsi yaremye imyaka 79 y'ubuzima.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, ingingo ze zasangaga zasangaga ibinyamakuru byo muri Sovieti. Nkuko Ria "Amakuru" yaranditse, umwanditsi yari inshuti nabanditsi benshi ba USSR. Mu Bufaransa, yakoranye n'ibitabo bitandukanye by'ubumwe bwa demokarasi. Birazwi ko Morua yasize umukono uyobowe n'abaharanira inyungu nkoranyambaga arega gufata amarangi kuva muri Mexico David Sicairos.
Ubuzima bwa Morua burasohoka mu 1970, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, mu izina ryoroshye ". Muri yo - Umunyabwenge wose wo guhanga ubuzima, amashusho yinama nibiganiro bidasanzwe nabanyapolitike, abanditsi, abanditsi. Umurage w'ubuvanganzo w'umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa uhuza ibitabo magana abiri na hejuru y'ibihumbi. Apitari n'amagambo ya Morua birazwi cyane, urugero:
"Igihe cyakoreshejwena n'umugore ntigishobora guhamagarwa."Ubuzima Bwihariye
Amayoko ya Morua arimo gushyingirwa. Afite imyaka 28, yashakanye na Zhanna-Marie Shimkevich. Uwo mwashakanye yamuhaye abahungu babiri, Gerald na Olivier, n'umukobwa wa Michelle. Umwanditsi yari afite imyaka 39, umugore we yarapfuye. Impamvu y'urupfu yabaye Sepsis.
Ubukwe bwa kabiri bwasojwe na Simon Kayop, mwene wabo wa Marseil. Mu gihe runaka, abashakanye babayeho batandukanye, naho Simoni yari azwi ko uwo mwashakanye afite isano idasanzwe. Nta bana bava muri Morua na KayAch.
Urupfu
Andre Morua yatsinze ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1967. Muri kiriya gihe, yabaga ku butaka bwa Nei-sur-Saint - Komini yegeranye n'umurwa mukuru w'ubufaransa mu burengerazuba.
Imva y'umwanditsi iherereye ku irimbi ryaho. Hano umurambo wa Anatoli Ubufaransa, cinematografiya Relera, umuhanzi-Spiriste Puwe de Galianna.
Bibliografiya
- Roman "Guceceka Koloneli Brambla"
- Abaroma "IJAMBO Dr. O'gredy"
- Umuroma "Ariel, cyangwa Ubuzima bwa Shelly"
- Bw'Abaroma "Ubuzima bwa Duzrayeli"
- Umuroma "Byron"
- Igitabo "Inyuguti z'uwatanze"
- Icyegeranyo cya "Violets ku wa gatatu"
- Umuroma "Bernard Ken"
- Abaroma "Ihohoterwa ry'urukundo"
- Inyandiko "Ibyiyumvo n'imigenzo"
- "Amateka y'Ubufaransa"
- "Amateka y'Ubwongereza"
- "Olympio, cyangwa ubuzima bwa Viktor Hugo"
- "Dumas eshatu"
- "Prometheus, cyangwa Ubuzima Balzak"
- "Kwibuka / Kwibuka"