Ubuzima
Umwanditsi n'umuhanga mu bybongereza azwiho igitabo "ku Isi Nshya nziza", yanditswe mu bwoko bwa anti-alcopia. Natangiye umwuga wanjye nk'umuntu na SatIr, barwanya intambara, bashishikajwe n'imyaka y'amayobera n'ibindi bibazo by'umwuka. Igihe kimwe, byafatwaga nk'ubwenge buhebuje, bwatorewe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu bitabo inshuro zirindwi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umusaza Huxley yavutse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 1894 mu mujyi wa Fmaling, Ubwongereza. Ababyeyi ba Huxley bombi bari intore z'umuco. Se wa kera, Leonard Huxley, na we yari umwanditsi, kandi sogokuru w'umurongo wa se ni koolologiya ya kayolojiya, abaturage ba siyansi bazwi cyane ya Charles Darwin.
Abakurambere ba Oletole Huxley kuva kuruhande rwa nyina nabo basize ibimenyetso byakurikiranye mumateka. Sogokuru Thomas Arnold yari umwarimu, inzobere mu bya kera ndetse n'umuco wa gahunda y'uburezi, naho mubyara yari umusizi kandi unenga ubuvanganzo. Abavandimwe balley, Julian na Andereya, bari bahanga mu bahanga mu bihanga.
Alus yabuze mama ufite imyaka cumi n'itatu. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, umusore "yatoye" indwara yijisho rimwe ryijisho, kuko yari afite ibintu byinshi. Iyi mibereho yahindutse uruhande rwiza iyo Huxley yarekuwe mu gisirikare muri kiriya gihe igihe intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yari.
Nyuma yaho, mu 1943, umwanditsi yasohoye agatabo "Nigute Yo remix Iyerekwa", aho asangiye ibyamubayeho byo kwiyemeza gukosorwa.
Alus ya mbere y'Abaroma yaranditse akiri muto - saa 17, ariko iki gikorwa nticyatangajwe. Amashuri ya Huxy yakiriwe muri Oxford, aho yize ibitabo muri Balliol-kaminuza. Icyemezo cya nyuma cyo kuba umwanditsi wabigize umwuga kaje kuri we afite imyaka makumyabiri.
Ubuvanganzo
Ubwoko bukunda bwa Oldholes Huxley - Antiutopia. Mubikorwa bye, umwanditsi asobanura uburyo societe yafashwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, mugihe, itakaza ibisigisigi byubumuntu. Muri igitabo "ku isi nshya" isobanura Londres y'ejo hazaza. Ibihugu byose byo ku isi bifitanye isano na leta imwe. Ikoreshwa ryahindutse umuco, kandi Henry Ford, uwakoze bwa mbere yimodoka ziboneka kumugaragaro - mu Mana nshya ya societe yabaguzi.
Abantu kwisi, bisobanura HUXLELEY, igabanijwemo ibihimbano. Kwororoka bisanzwe byahagaritswe, nabenegihugu bashya "isi ya WILA" bakuze mu turururu. Ubushobozi bwo hasi bwabana bana bakandamijwe kugeza ubungubu.
Abaturage bavuye mu myaka ya mbere barimo kwitegura kureba niba bumvira umwanya wabo muri sisitemu yihariye. "Bavuwe" hypnose ", bagizwe mu gukusanya, kunywa no kwakirwa bidasubirwaho indangagaciro za sosiyete.
Ikindi gitabo kizwi cya Huxley ni "Inkende na Essence", byanditswe mu bwoko bwa alstpocalyptic antiutopia. Akazi ni "igitabo mu gitabo", kuko gitangirana nuburyo budyide ebyiri zibona ibintu bibiri byitwa "Inguge na Essence", byanze isosiyete ya firime.
Intwari zizamenya ko umwanditsi uherutse gupfa, kimwe nibintu bimwe bivuye mubintu bye byitabi. Ibishya byose ni inyandiko yibi bintu bihimbano.
"Scenario" isobanura ejo hazaza h'ikiremwamuntu, hafi ya kabiri n'intwaro za kirimbuzi n'ibyorezo byateye ibidukikije. Umuco n'umuco bibitswe gusa ku birwa byo muri Nouvelle-Zélande, byagumye ku isi ituruka ku isi itangazo. Isi isigaye ni amatongo yitabimba imbaga azerera imbaga y'abantu batsinze.
Itsinda ry'abahanga ba Nouvelle-Zélande boherejwe mu rugendo rw'abanyamerika, kubara gufungura uyu mugabane wa Anew. Nyuma yo kwandura imizi, ubwoko bushya bwibimera ninyamaswa byagaragaye, kandi abantu barokotse bubaka societe nshya yingabo kumatongo.
Dukurikije ibitabo "ku isi nshya itangaje" mu 1998, film hamwe na Leonard Nimoem na Petergal na Peter Rollather bafashwe amashusho. Indi filime yakozwe mu 1980 n'umuyobozi Bert Brinkherff.
Umusaza Haxley yananditse inkuru icumi na Kinfiria "," umusore mukuru, "umuforomo mugitondo cya mugitondo" nabandi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa mbere wa Aveloles Huxley, Maria Nis, ukomoka mu Bubiligi. Duhereye kuri ubu bukwe havuka umuhungu, Matayo yahamagaye. Umuhungu yiganye mu ishuri rya Dartington, maze mu 1937, hamwe n'umuryango wose, yimukiye mu Bwongereza yerekeza muri Amerika, aho yinjiye muri kaminuza ya California maze aba cyorezo cy'igihanga mu gihe.
Iyerekwa rya Aldos ryakomeje kugwa, kandi imwe mu mpamvu zo kwimukira i Los Angeles ni uko umwanditsi yabonaga ikirere cya Californiya igira akamaro ku buzima bwe kuruta abongereza. Hamwe n'umuryango wa Huxley muri Amerika, Odtos yimutse, Gerald Gerd.
Muri Amerika, salles huxley yagiye kurwego rushya rwimirimo ye atangira kubaza ibibazo bijyanye na prown. Umwanditsi afite abo tuziranye, muri ibyo umufilozofe w'Ubuhinde Dzhidda Krishnamurti atangwa. Ishyaka rya huxy ya Huxy kuri Mysticism, ibibazo bya filozofiya n'ibiyumwuka byashizwe mu itumanaho n'uyu muntu. Ariko, nubwo bashishikajwe nayi ngingo, Huxy ubwe yiyise hamwe na agnostic.
Mu 1953, Huxley yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bujyanye no kwiga ingaruka z'ibintu bya psychotropique ku ubwenge bwa muntu. Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwije uburambe bwa Huxley bwasobanuwe mu nyandiko "umuryango w'imyumvire". Kandi mu ncase ya Huxley hamwe n'umushakashatsi wakoze ubushakashatsi, ijambo "psychedelic" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere. Ubunararibonye bwose bwagize ingaruka kumubano wa Huxley.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mariya mu 1955, salles haxley yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri - kuri mugenzi we, umwanditsi-Ubutaliyani Lauree Archer.
Gushimishwa na Huxley mu bihugu bitandukanye by'ububabare bwa muntu birimo umwanditsi mu bundi bushakashatsi mu ntangiriro ya za 1960. Muri Milton Ericksching, Milton Ericksoatrist, Milton Erickson Huuxkkson yamaze Huxley yize Leta yahinduye imyumvire, hypnose na trance.
Ibintu bishimishije
Benshi mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za Lulliow Huxley bapfuye mu gihe cy'umuriro iwe mbere gato y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi ubwe. Igice cyandikishijwe intoki zarokotse gibikwa mu isomero rya kaminuza ya Stanford, kandi igice cya kaminuza ya Californiya i Los Angeles.
Umuhanzi Stuart McMill muri Gicurasi 2009 yaremye urwenya, aho yagereranije ibitabo bya kera "ku isi nshya ya George" na "1984" isa na societe igaragara n'abanditsi bombi bagereranywa n'abanditsi bombi. Kubera kugereranya, byagaragaye ko umuryango wacu wagendaga ahubwo munzira yasabwe na Huxley.
Izina ryanditse rya huxley ku ngaruka za MeCaline ku buryo - imiryango y'imyumvire - yahaye izina ry'itsinda ry'ubuzima rya Jim Morrison imiryango.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Oldholey Huxley yabaye kanseri ya Larynx. Umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1963 i Los Angeles, umunsi umwe na Perezida wa Amerika John Kennedy.
Basabwe na Huxley, umugore we yamugize imbere yintwaro y'urupfu LSD, nubwo abaganga bagaragaje imyigaragambyo. Iyi nja yahaye umwanditsi gupfa ituje, nta kuniga no kurira. Laura ya Archer yemeye ibi mu 1986, igihe yatangaga ikiganiro na sosiyete ya BBC BBC BBC.
Bibliografiya
- 1921 - "Umuhondo UBWERIWE"
- 1923 - "Schutovskaya Horovid"
- 1925 - "Izi Amababi Ntawe afite"
- 1928 - "TILECIM"
- 1932 - "Ku Isi Nshya Itangaje"
- 1936 - "Kuzara muri Gaza"
- 1939 - "Nyuma yimyaka myinshi"
- 1943 - "Nigute Gukosora Icyerekezo"
- 1945 - "Igihe kigomba guhagarara"
- 1945 - "Filozofiya ihoraho"
- 1948 - "Inguge n'ibyingenzi"
- 1952 - "Abadayimoni ba Ludensk"
- 1954 - "Urugo rw'imyumvire"
- 1955 - "Ubuhanga n'udumana"
- 1956 - "Ikuzimu n'Ukuzimu"
- 1958 - "Garuka mu Isi Itangaje"
- 1962 - "Ikirwa"
Amagambo
OldHesa Huxley afite imisaku ya aphorism izwi cyane:
"Byagenda bite niba igihugu cyacu ari ikuzimu indi si?" "Axioma: Amatsiko menshi atera uwo tuziranye." "Gupfunyika mu buryo bwiza bwo kwisukura." "Umuziki uhagaze Uwa kabiri aho haceceka, ku bijyanye no kwerekana ibintu bidasobanutse. "" Mu buhanzi bwo kuba umurava - kimwe n'impano. "