Ubuzima
Ku cyesipanyoli, izina rya Teotokopoulos ryari rigoye cyane, nyuma yo kwimukira i Toledo, umuhanzi yatangiye kwiyita Toledo, umuhanzi yatangiye kwiyita Toledo, cyangwa ngo ayita Gregoco, cyangwa El Greco gusa. Igihimbaro cyerekana inkomoko - yavukiye i Kirete, muri Espagne abaye igihugu cya kabiri kuri we.
Hano kurangiza umunsi wa 16 wo mu kinyejana cya 17, umurangi wateremye canvas izwi cyane ku isi, harimo no "gushyingura imitunganyirize y'urwego" na "icapiro rya gatanu", bifatwa nk'urugero rw'ubuhoha. Ibigize Guhangayika, Gereranya n'ibishushanyo no kugwira amasoko yoroheje - byose mubikorwa bya El Greco byakoreye ibyagezweho no kwerekana ikinamico. Umurage we wagize ingaruka ku bahanzi, harimo Pablo Picasso, Cezan Fielf, Edward Mana.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuryango w'Abagereki wari muri 1541 Umuremyi w'ejo hazaza wa The NewIstitian mu gushushanya yavutse, nta kintu yari akeneye. Umutware wumuryango ntabwo yinjije ubucuruzi gusa, ahubwo anakusanya imisoro. Abahungu ba Domeni na Manussos bahabwa uburezi buhebuje bakurikije ibipimo by'icyo gihe. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko bigishije Ikigereki n'ikilatini cya kera.
Igihe Domenico yari afite imyaka 15, se yarapfuye. Kwita ku muryango byari ku bitugu bya mukuru wa mukuru, abahanzi Manussos. Nyuma, yakoresheje ubuzima bwe bwose mubucuruzi. Domenico yahisemo inzira y'ubuhanzi. Muri bombo, gushushanya kw'abasiganwa byakorewe. Umusore yinjiye mu baturage.
Gushushanya
Gushushanya Cretan mu kinyejana cya 16, mbere ya byose, igishushanyo cy'ishuri gishushanya. Umwihariko wo guhanga abanditsi baho kwari uguhuza ubukana bwimiterere yuburyo bwa Byzantine hamwe na motif yubutaliyani. Amabwiriza yakiriwe mu baturage gatolika na orotodogisi.
Domenico teotokokopos yakiriye izina rya shebuja bitarenze imyaka 22. Ibi byahaye amahirwe yo gukingura amahugurwa ye, kandi umuhanzi, yizera abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi, yabyungukiye. Igikorwa cyingenzi cyigihe cyambere cya biography ya El Greco birafatwa nk "gutekereza ku isugi". Hamwe na "Mwaringronim ya paraskeva yera", akazi ka Mikhail kafatwa nkicyitegererezo cyiza cyumurage wamashuri yishuri rya Cretan.
Ku ya 26, umurangi uva mu gihugu cye. Mu 1967, muri Teotokokoulos yatuwe muri Venise, nyuma yimyaka itatu yimukira i Roma. Igice cy'abashakashatsi bemeza ko mu mujyi ku mazi, umuhanzi wa Nouvice yakoraga munsi y'igiti. Umwe mu mitwe ya Renasians icyo gihe yari afite imyaka irenga 80, ariko yemerwa na weubishaka abishaka amahugurwa.
Igihe cy'Abaroma cya El Greco kiracyamenyekana ku ruhare rwa Renaissance. Uburyo bukurikira bukurikiranwa mu bihangano bya Litifiguric bikabije, kwiyuzuza amarangi, kurambura silhouettes. Ariko inyuguti zirakonje cyane munsi ya brush yimpera mugihe cyo gukinisha cyane. Ibitangaje by'uburyo tubisanga mu "mugoroba rwihishwa", no muri "Asnancation", no mu "bunyage n'abacuruzi mu rusengero."
Guhanga udushya twa Cretan Umuhanzi akurura intore z'Abaroma. Yatumiwe mu bwanga bwa Cardinal Alessandro Farnes, aho umusore urera abahanga, abahanga mu bya filozofiya, abahanzi. Ariko bidatinze umushyitsi yataye aho: Domenico yasuzuguye abayobozi b'igihe cyashize. Reka kuvugurura bivuye kuri stage, ariko kwibuka abahagarariye abahagarariye bakiriho.
Mu nkuru Miche Telangelo agira ati: "Yari umuntu mwiza, ariko yari azi gushushanya na gato."Ndetse afata ubutwari bwo gutanga Papa kugira ngo ahabwe urukiko "ruteye ubwoba" muri Chapel ya Sistine hakurikijwe ibitekerezo by'amadini y'ibikorwa by'idini.
Ati: "Ubucucu Ino Semechan," umwubatsi Pierre Ligorio asubiza ibya El Greco.Ndetse n'amakimbirane atongana n'umuhanzi. Nubwo anyuranya n'abaturage b'Abaroma, mu 1972, teotokopoolos akingura amahugurwa mu "mujyi w'iteka", ariko biratinyuka kubona amategeko manini, kandi Domenico ava mu Butaliyani.
Espagne yashishikarije irangi ry'ibyiringiro by'abakozi: Umwami Filipo Philip II yashishikajwe no gushushanya imbere y'ingoro nshya, guhitamo Masters. Kuba i Madrid no kubona intego yo kwigarurira umwami, El Greco yahuye n'umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya Benito Montano n'umubare wa Tedaldral ya tedalsky hafi ya abbot. Kubera iyo mpamvu, aho kuba itegeko ry'umwami, amasezerano ya mbere yerekanaga Prisinte yasinyiye n'abahagarariye itorero.
Bisabwe, hashyizweho amashusho 10, uzwi cyane muri we "ikibazo cya konsole na Kristo." Imbere ihagaze, ishimangira igitutu cy'imbaga y'abantu kuri Kristo, indunduro, iyo umufasha wa Protifer yitegura guhagarika chitoni, kandi, birumvikana ko ubukana bwumutuku bwuzuyemo imbaraga zidasanzwe ziranga Ubumone.
Ukuri gushimishije: Kuri canvas, ubu zireba igihangano cyubuhanzi bwisi, itorero ryanze kwishyura 950 ducats. Binyuze mu rukiko, umwanditsi yageze ku mafaranga inshuro eshatu - 350 ducats. Usabwa ko byagabanijwe kubera ko El Greedy yishyize ku isonga rya Mari batatu Mari, Koi ntiyavuzwe muri contomence y'ibyabaye. Byongeye kandi, abayoboke b'amatorero barararambuye aho abapimiye hejuru y'umutwe wa Kristo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gahunda ya katedrali ya Toddali yahembye El Greco muri Espanye.
Kandi, mugutezimbere Filipo wa II, ntabwo byamfashije. Ipara yakoze amategeko abiri kuri umwami, ariko umurimo w'umwami ntiwatangaye, kandi ubufatanye bwatangijwe na El GLADY yahagaritse. Umwanditsi w'imyaka 44 yifashe umwanditsi kugira ngo akoreshe icyamamare cyatsinzwe muri Toledo maze akingura amahugurwa hano mu 1585. Umufasha w'Abaroma weotokokopoulos Francisco yimukiye muri Espagne.
Bidatinze, umurangi utera umwenda wamayobera - ishusho yo gushyingura uruganda. Ikoresha umugambi w'imico ishingiye ku idini kubyerekeye utuye abakire ba Toledo, wateye inkunga itorero. "Gushyingura" byerekana abera babiri bamanutse bava mwijuru kugirango batware umugiranye. CANVAS yaremewe itorero ryumukobwa wa San Tome.
Hagati ya 1587 na 1592, irangi yanditse ishusho ishingiye ku ishusho ishingiye ku ishusho "intumwa Petero na Pawulo" bashingiye ku ruhukuru. Uyu munsi, yabitswe muri hermitage. Umwanditsi ntabwo ari umunyamahanga nubwoko bwimiterere, nubwo imyenda nkiyi mu murage wa El Greco batatu. Icyamamare kizwi cyane "Toledo", cyerekana umujyi wamuritswe kimurikirwa n'umucyo w'imbere, ukwirakwira mu kirere cyijimye, inkuba. Ishusho yabaye imwe mu nyamaswa ya mbere mu gishushanyo cy'iburayi.
Mbere gato y'urupfu, shebuja yaremye canvas "gukuraho icapiro rya gatanu", ryagombaga kuzuza imitako y'imbere y'itorero rya Tododo rya Yohani Batista. Ishusho yazimiye igice: Mugihe cyibinyejana 19-20, kugarura gukata igice cyo hejuru. Bikekwa ko muri iyi fomu, umurimo wabaye isoko yo guhumekwa kuri Pissso igihe wandikaga "avign inkumi."
El greek izwi kandi ku izina rya portraite bashobora gutsinda imiterere mubiranga isura. Muri Toledo yakoraga ibishusho, yashizeho Altari kuri Chapel San Jose. Akamaro ko guhanga gafitanye isano no gushiraho imyitwarire, byagize uruhare runini ya Baroque, kandi ikimaro gitangaje cyo gushushanya cyatwemereye kuvuga kuri El Ikigereki nkumurongo wa Cubism na ENTERNonner.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuva mu myaka 36, yabayeho mubucuti nyayo hamwe na Espard Heronim de Las Cuevas. Mu 1578, bari bafite umuhungu witwa Jorge Manuel.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko Domenico yashatse mbere: Yasoje ishyingiranwa cyangwa i Kirete, cyangwa mu Butaliyani. Kandi ntibyamwemereraga kwandikisha ubufatanye na Aronim. Muri icyo gihe, El Greco yavuze umugore nyirizina mu mpapuro zemewe, harimo n'ubushake, kandi umenye Umwana.
Urupfu El Greco
Mu 1614, umuhanzi yakoraga ku rwego rwo kugata ibitaro bya Toledo, ariko umurimo ntiwagumye. Umurangi wararwaye, kandi Leta yangiritse umunsi ku munsi.
Gusobanukirwa ko ntazakira, El Ikigereki cyashoboye gushushanya ubushake. Umuhanzi yapfuye ku ya 7 Mata. Yashyinguwe ku kigo cy'abihaye Imana, cyarangiritse nyuma. Ibisigazwa byumuhanzi byatakaye.
Akazi
- 1560-1565 - "Modensky Triptych"
- 1567 - "Igitekerezo cy'inkumi"
- 1570 - "Ifunguro Ryera"
- 1570 - "GUSENGA AGE"
- 1570 - "Portrait ya Julio Clea"
- 1571-1575 - "UBUHANZI BW'ABAHUNGU MU NZIRA"
- 1573 - "Kristo ku musaraba"
- 1577-1579 - "Kuvuga imyenda ya Kristo"
- 1585 - "Umuryango Mutagatifu"
- 1586 - "Guhashyingurwa Kubara Orsas"
- 158-1592 - "INTWARO Petero na Pawulo"
- 1595 - "Intumwa Andrey na Saint Francis"
- 1596-1600 - "Reba Toledo"
- 1600 - "Kwishushanya-Igishushanyo"
- 1608-1614 - "Kuraho icapiro rya gatanu"