Ubuzima
Umuhanzi wo muri Esipanye Francisco Goya, haba mu buzima, no mu kazi yagerageje gukurikiza amahame menshi yubumuntu. Yaremye igishushanyo cyamateka yigihugu cye, atanga umusanzu munini mubuhanzi. Goya nimwe muri shobuja mwiza wigihe cyurukundo. Guhanga kwe ni ibintu bitandukanye. Amashusho amwe ya francisco yerekanwe muri hermitage, amafoto yabo arashobora kugaragara kuri enterineti.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Francisco-José de Goya-I-Lusatene yavutse ku ya 30 Werurwe 1746 muri Zaragoza. Nyuma y'amezi make amaze kuvuka, umuryango wimukiye mu mudugudu wa Fuendtodos - byari igipimo cy'ikigaga, kuko inzu ya Zaragoz yagombaga gusanwa.
Umuryango wari ufite ubutunzi busanzwe, Francisco yari umuhererezi mu bavandimwe: Same Camillo mu gihe cy'ejo hazaza aba umupadiri, na Tomasi, hagati, bajya mu kirenge cya se maze bahinduka umutware wa diliding. Abana bahawe uburezi busanzwe, umusore Francisco yahaye amahugurwa ya Lusana-I-mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Marthez.
Umusore ntabwo ahindura byoroshye amasomo yubuhanga gusa, ahubwo yazunguye kuririmba serenade no kurangiza imbyino. Francisco yari umusore wishimye kandi wishimye, wabaye umwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera uruhare runini mubyifuzo byumuhanda.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yari yarahatiye kuva mu mujyi guhunga ibitotezo bishoboka i Madrid. Kuva mu mahugurwa ya Martineas, Goya yagiye kwicuza bidasanzwe. Umwarimu ntiyagerageje gufata umusore ufite impano, kuko we ubwe yamugiriye inama yo kujya kure.
Nyuma yo kwimuka, Francisco yagerageje inshuro ebyiri kwinjira mu ishuri ry'ubuhanzi, ariko kubera ko amahirwe atigeze amwenyura, umusore yagiye kuzerera.
Gushushanya
Mugihe cya Goya yasuye Roma, Parma na Naples. Mu 1771, yakiriye igihembo cya kabiri cyishuri rya parm yubuhanzi. Naho premium yambere, ntakintu kizwi kuri uyumunsi. Ariko iyi ntsinzi yemeye kwiyemera ubwayo, kuko inama yamasomo i Madrid yumvise bucece ibishushanyo byumuhanzi ukiri muto mumarushanwa n'imurikagurisha.
Amaze gusubira muri Zaragozu, Francisco yishora mu mwuga umwuga, aribyo gushushanya ibishushanyo by'itorero. Imitako ye y'ingoro y'ishami ry'ingoro n'itorero rya El Pilar ryubashye ishimwe, ryatumye Francisco yongeye kugerageza gutsinda umurwa mukuru.
Ageze i Madrid, Goya atangira gukora ku murongo, ukenewe kuri tapi yo gufata ibyombo.
Ntabwo ari inshuti ya Bayeu ku ya 22 Mutarama 1783, Francisco yakiriye itegeko ryingenzi kubara Floridablanca. Umuhanzi ntabwo yizeraga amahirwe masa, kuko kwandika igishushanyo cya velmazbus yo murwego rwohejuru cyamwemereye gukora neza. Ariko ibi ntabwo aribyo byose - tubikesha kubara, bamenyekanisha umuhanzi muri societe yo hejuru kandi batanga murumuna we Umwami Don Luisu, Francisco yakira itegeko rishya.
Don Luis yigisha gusohoza amashusho yabagize umuryango we. Kubikorwa bye, Guya yinjije Relov ibihumbi 20, kandi umugore wumuhanzi yabonye umwambaro ushushanyijeho zahabu na feza, bifite agaciro ka leigisi ibihumbi 30.
Rero, Francisco Goya abaye igishushanyo cyerekanwe. Mu 1786, Francisco yashimishijwe na Karl III, yabaye umuhanzi w'urukiko. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umutegetsi, uzamusimbura Karl IV yavuye Goyuya ku mwanya we, yongera cyane kumubabarira.
Mu 1795, Francisco yatoye umuyobozi w'icyubahiro w'ishuri rya San Fernando. Nyuma yimyaka 4, umuhanzi yageze hejuru yumwuga - yubatswe mu sano y'Urukiko rwa mbere umwami Charles IV.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Inshuti ya Goya, umuhanzi Francisco Beyeu, yamumenyesheje mushiki we. Ubwiza bwa Blonde bwa Blonde na Argonal Argon yahise akundana. Ariko Francisco ntiyihutira kurongora kandi ahitamo iyi ntambwe nyuma yamakuru yumukobwa atwite.
Ingingo y'ingenzi ni uko umuvandimwe w'Umwana w'ejo hazaza yari afite amahugurwa aho umuhanzi yakoze. Ibirori bikomeye byabaye ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1773. Umwana wavutse nyuma gato yubukwe bwabayeho mugihe gito. Uwo mwashakanye yibarutse abana batanu, amasoko amwe agaragaza umubare munini. Yarokotse umuhungu umwe gusa witwa Francisco Javier Pedro, wabaye umuhanzi mugihe kizaza.
Igihe Goya yahise ahinduka mu ruziga rw'abagore bakuru na visictocrats, yahise yibagirwa. Bitandukanye n'abagore benshi b'abahanzi, uwo bashakanye ntabwo yatangaje ko Francisco: yanditse igishushanyo kimwe cy'umugore we. Nuburyo bidashoboka gusobanura imyifatire yumuhanzi kuri we. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Francisco yagumye yashakanye n'urupfu rw'uwo bashakanye mu 1812.
Umugabo ntabwo yari umugabo wizerwa, abandi bagore bahoraga bahari mubuzima bwe bwite, usibye umugore we. Abanyaristike nziza kuri Goya bagize duchess y'urukiko rusigaye rwiyeyisi kuri Goya. Nyuma yo kumenyerana numukobwa mu mpeshyi ya 1795, Romance yatangiye. Umwaka utaha, uwo bashakanye mu zabukuru wa Duchess yarapfuye, ajya i Awalusia. Goya yajyanye na we: babanaga amezi menshi.
Ariko, muri biografiya ya Francisco hari ibintu bidashimishije: Ageze ijya i Madrid, Alba yavuye mu muhanzi, amuhitamo umusirikare mu mwanya wo hejuru. Francisco yababaje iki gikorwa, ariko gutandukana kwabaye mugufi - Umukobwa yahise aramugarukira, igitabo cyamaze imyaka 7. Bigomba kuvugwa ko iyi mibanire itemezwa ninyandiko zose.
Urupfu
Mu kugwa kwa 1792, Francisco yakubise indwara ikaze irangira no kutumva rwose. Kandi izi ni ingaruka nke, ibintu byose byashoboraga kuba bibi cyane, kuko umuhanzi yahoraga yumva afite intege nke, yababajwe n'abaramu, yaba atabonye igice kandi igihe runaka ntiyabigemye. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko iyi ni ingaruka za Syphilis zatangijwe mu rubyiruko. Ubumuga bwo kutumva bwarushijeho kugora ubuzima bw'umuhanzi, ariko ntiyigeze bubangamira ko yita ku bagore.
Mu myaka yashize, uko umuhanzi yabaye mubi, kandi igishushanyo cye ni umwijima. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we no gushyingirwa, umuhungu wa Goyiya yagumye wenyine. Mu 1819, umuhanzi yavuye mu bibazo maze asubira mu nzu y'igihugu "Quint del Sudo". Kuva imbere, ashushanya inkuta zifite frescoes yijimye, yari iyerekwa ryimpunge kandi rirambiwe ubuzima bwabantu.
Ariko, ibibera byaramwenyuye i Francisco, yahuye na Lokadia de aze. Basenye igitabo cyumuyaga, kubera umugore watanye numugabo we.
Mu 1824, batinya gutotezwa kwa guverinoma nshya, umuhanzi yahisemo kujya mu Bufaransa. Imyaka ibiri yabaga i Bordeaux, ariko umunsi umwe yaguye cyane mu mwanya w'abuvurwa, nahisemo gutaha. Ageze muri Madrid igihe cyo ku mpinga ya reaction nyuma yo kuvuka, yahise asubira i Bordeaux.
Umuhanzi wo muri Esipanye yapfiriye mu maboko ava mu kwitangira bene wabo mu ijoro ryo ku ya 15 Mata 1828. Francisco akomeje gusubizwa muri Espagne mu 1919 gusa.
Akazi
- 1777 - "Umbrella"
- 1778 - "Umugurisha amasahani"
- 1778 - "Isoko rya Madrid"
- 1779 - "Umukino wa Pelota"
- 1780 - "Ikimasa gito"
- 1786 - "Amatafari yakomeretse"
- 1791 - "Umukino muri Zhmurki"
- 1782-83 - "Portrait ya GloridaBlanca"
- 1787 - "Umuryango wa Duke wa Osuna"
- 1787 - "Ishusho ya Marquise A. PONHOTHONS"
- 1796 - "Dr. Ibihano"
- 1796 - "Francisco Beyeu"
- 1797-1799 - "Ibitotsi byo gusinzira bibyara ibisimba"
- 1798 - Ferdinand Gui Marda
- 1799 - "LA Tirana"
- 1800 - "Umuryango w'umwami Charles IV"
- 1805 - "Sabas Garcia"
- 1806 - "Isabel Carp de pornor"
- 1810-1820 - "Ibiza byintambara" (Urukurikirane rwa 82 ruvuga)
- 1812 - "Umukobwa ufite ikibindi"
- 1819-1923 - "Sagurte arya umuhungu we"
- 1819-1923 - "INGINGO"
- 1820 - "Portrait T. Peres"
- 1823 - "Shabash umupfumu"
- 1828 - "Portrait ya José Pio de Molina"