Ubuzima
Nikolai ostrovsky - Umwanditsi wumurimo udapfa "uko ibyuma bigoye". Ibyabaye muri iki gitabo hamwe na protagonist yacyo, igitonyanga cya korchani, mugihe kinini bifitanye isano no kwihangana, ubutwari nimbaraga zidasanzwe zumwuka. Igitabo cyashenywe n'amagambo na aphorisms, n'amagambo ya Korchani yerekeye ubuzima n'urugamba aracyakomeza kuba ngombwa. Ariko, abantu bake bazi ko kwandika igitabo cya Ostrovsky bitabaye ikizamini gito kuruta ibi byaguye kumugabane wimigabane ye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavutse ku ya 29 Nzeri 1904 mu mudugudu muto wa Vilia, mu Ntara ya Volyn (ubu ari ifasi ya Ukraine). Padiri Nicholas yari igisirikare cy'izabukuru, Mama yakoze ku mugaragaro, Mama yari umutetsi. Abana batandatu bayongereye mu muryango wa Ostrovsky: Ostrovsky yari afite bashiki bacu babiri, musaza wanjye na barumuna banjye babiri. Nibyo, abakobwa babiri bato bapfuye bakiri bato.
Ostrovsky yabayeho - umuryango munini wasabye ibiciro byo hejuru, bityo abana batangira kubona kare kare, bafasha ababyeyi. Igihe Nikolai yagiye mu ishuri rya paruwasi-paruwasi, bashiki be bakuze bari bamaze gukora nk'abigisha. Kwishuri yahise atangaza ubushobozi buhebuje bwa Ostrovsky: Umuhungu uri mu mpeshyi yafashe ibikoresho byose. Ku myaka 9, Nikolai yakiriye icyemezo cyo gutanga impamyabumenyi y'ishuri no ku rupapuro rw'ubwato.
Nyuma yibyo, umuryango wa Ostrovsky wimukiye mu mujyi wa Shepetovka, aho Nikolai yashoboye kwinjira mu ishuri. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, mu 1915, umusore yakiriye impamyabumenyi ajya ku kazi. Ostrovsky yagombaga kwakira umwanya wubufasha wigikoni, umukiranutsi, cubover, byibuze kubona no gufasha ababyeyi no gufasha ababyeyi. Ariko, umusore ntabwo yasize imigambi yo kwiga byinshi no mu 1918 yinjiye mu ishuri rya mbere.
Kurambagiza umunyeshuri rwemeje Nikolai mu butabera bw'ibitekerezo bya Bolshevik, akaba umusore wabaye intambara ndetse anagira uruhare mu bikorwa byo mutaka, akwirakwiza udupapuro no kuzuza inshingano z'umuhati. Impinduramatwara yafashwe rwose na Ostrovsky, maze mu 1919, umusore yinjiye mu ntera ya KomeriMOL. Muri icyo gihe, Nikolai yaguye imbere, yakomeretse cyane mu nda no ku mutwe, agwa ku ifarashi, yangije ifarashi. Ubuzima bw'ubuzima ntiyemerera Nicholas kuguma mu gisirikare, naho umusore ya demobilize.
Ariko, iki kirwa cyari kigeze kwinubira ibyateganijwe no kwicara nta rubanza. Inyuma, umusore yafashaga ingingo z'Ikiro cya HCC, hanyuma yimukira i Kiev, aho yasanze akazi k'umufasha w'amashanyarazi. Mu gihe ugereranije, Nikolai yongeye kujya kwiga, iki gihe gihitamo injeniyeri z'amashanyarazi.
Kubwamahirwe, ibikomere byimiterere ya ostrovsky ntibyagarukiye gusa: Mu 1922, umusore, azigama umutware, yamaze amasaha menshi mumazi ya barafu. Ntiyigeze olwatuuka atatewe kuko ubuzima Nikolai Alekseevich, bukeye bwaho yariko arahunga ahinda rero atangira kubabara mu rheumatism bikize, maze nyuma a intege gushyiraho ihuriro atora a tifusi, bikaba yari ihari Ostrovsky mu mva .
Ku bw'amahirwe, Nikolai Alekseevich yakize tifoyide n'umuriro, ariko arakomereka kandi amaherezo yazindukiye amaherezo ubuzima bw'umusore. Ostrovsky yatangiye gutsimbataza ubumuga bwimitsi, bwari bugoye nindwara zihuriweho. Byarushijeho kwimuka, kandi abaganga batangaga iteganyagihe.
Ubuvanganzo
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Nikolai ostrovsky bwatangiye muburyo busanzwe bwijambo ku buriri bwibitaro. Kuva mu bwana, Nikolai Alekseevich yakundaga gusoma: Imirimo ya FENIMOR, Jules Verne na Walter Scott ukomoka "bamize" hamwe n'umururumba ku bitabo by'umuhungu.
Nyuma, Ostrovsky yitwa ibikorwa ukunda "ovod", Rafaello Jovanoli. Buhoro buhoro, ibyo akunda byahindutse ibihangano bye: Ostrovsky kugira ngo atangire igihe mu bitaro, yatangiye kwandika inkuru ngufi no gukina, gukurikiranwa n'umwanditsi we uzwi nyuma ya Alexander ostrovsky.
Kuva mu 1927, Ostrovsky ntiyari agishoboye kugenda ku ndwara zabo bwite, Pastaika yasuzumwe indwara ya Bekhterev, kimwe na polyarthritis. Nikolay Alekseevich yagize icyo akora, ariko ndetse ibyo ntibyari byorohewe n'imiterere ye. Bidatinze, byagaragaye ko iterambere ritazabaho. Umwanditsi muri ako kanya yahinduye imyaka 23 gusa.
Ariko, Nikolay Alekseevich yatangiye kwishora mu bikorwa ndetse no kurangiza ishami rinyamakuru rya kaminuza ya Sverdlovsk. Mu gihe ugereranije, umusore yanditse byinshi, muri iki gihe hari inyandiko y'andikishijwe intoki "yabyaye umuyaga", wabaye verisiyo ya mbere y'igitabo "Ukuntu ibyuma byatunganijwe." Amezi atandatu, umwanditsi yeguriwe iki gikorwa, hanyuma amahitamo ya Warwickten yatakaye mugihe cyo kohereza.
Akazi kari ngombwa kongera gutangira, ariko hano ostrovsky yari itegereje ibibazo bishya: Umwanditsi yatangiye kwibagirwa. Birakabije konsa imbaraga zumuco wa Nikolai Alekseevich, proseca ndetse yatekereje kwiyahura, ariko ibyuma bizatsinda, kandi Ostrovys yakomeje kwandika. Ubwa mbere, igitabo cyaremwe buhumyi, buri gihe Nikolai Alekseevich yakanditse abavandimwe n'umugore we bamutayeho. Hanyuma bazanye na stencil, yemereye gukora vuba vuba.
Nyuma yigihe gito, inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yari yiteguye. Ostrovsky yohereje akazi ku nzu ya Leningrad, ariko igisubizo nticyategereje. Noneho Nikolai Alekseevich yohereje akazi ke ko gusohora "umuzamu muto", aho yakiriye kwanze kubera "inyuguti zidasubirwaho."
Ariko rero ubushake n'intego by'umwanditsi ntibyamwemereraga gusubira inyuma. Ostrovsky yagezeho yongeye gusuzuma inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki. Iki gihe, imirimo yoherejwe no gucapa, ariko, mbere yuko aba banditsi barangira, kandi inyandiko yinkomoko yongeye kwandikwa.
Kubwibyo rero, umwanditsi, icyiciro gishya cyintambara kugirango igitabo cyatangiye: kurengera buri gika. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu 1932 igice cya mbere cyigitabo "Mbega ukuntu biteye ibyuma," byasohotse, na nyuma yigihembwe kirangiye.
Intsinzi yarenze ibyifuzo byubutwari bya Ostrovsky: Amasomero yatangiye kugaragara kumusaruro kumurimo we, abantu bagiye mumatsinda kandi badakwiye ibice bakunda.
Mubuzima bwa Nikolai Alekseevich "Ukuntu ibyuma bikomera" byasubiwemo inshuro 41. Ostrovsky yatangiye gutekereza ku gukomeza igitabo, kandi kandi cyateguwe no kwandika umurimo "abana b'abana" ku bana. Igitabo gishya, hejuru y'umwanditsi yatangiye gukora, yakiriye izina rimenyerewe "yavutse mu muyaga". Igishushanyo cyakazi cyarabiganiriye mu nama y'ubumwe bw'abanditsi. Kubwamahirwe, igitabo nticyatinze.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nubwo indwara, ubuzima bwihariye bwa Nikolai ostrovsky yateje imbere. Umugore w'umwanditsi yabaye umuryango uzwi cyane wa Ostrovsky Raisa Matsuk.
Umugore yashyigikiye ukundwa mubihe bigoye kandi afasha Nikolai alekseevich gukomeza kwizera wenyine. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we, Raisa Porfiriyevna yayoboye inzu ndangamurage ya Ostrovsky i Moscou, mugihe akomeza ibisobanuro birambuye bya biografiya, amafoto adasanzwe hamwe nibintu bishimishije biva mubuzima bwumwanditsi.
Urupfu
Ukwezi kwanjye kwanyuma nikolai ostrovsky yeguriwe igitabo gishya. Umwanditsi yigize umwanditsi ku minsi n'amajoro, yongeraho no kwandikira imitwe yiki gitabo. Kubwamahirwe, ntabwo byateganijwe gushyira ingingo yanyuma: Ku ya 22 Ukuboza 1936 Nikolai alekseevich ntabwo. Abaganga ba none bitwa icyateye urupfu rwa ostrovsky sclerose ya ostrovsky, hamwe nindwara igenda itera imbere ya Bekhtega.
Ku ya 26 Ukuboza, ku munsi wo gushyingura ikirwa, igitabo kirengewe cyasohotse mu rukuta rw'uwamamaza: umurimo watsinzwe kandi wanditseho igihe.
Imva y'umwanditsi iherereye ku irimbi rya Moscou Novodevichy. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nikolai Ostrovsky, inzibutso nyinshi zafunguwe mu mijyi itandukanye, ndetse n'ingoro ndangamurage z'umwanditsi i Moscou, Sochi, Shepetovka. Ibyabaye mubuzima bwa Nikolai Alekseevich byagaragaye muri firime ya documentaire "Ubuzima Bwayo bwa Nikolai Ostrovsky".
Bibliografiya
- 1927 - "INKURU YA" KOTOVTSY "(Inkuru ya Autobiogragarayo, intoki yabuze mugihe cyo kohereza)
- 1934 - "Mbega ukuntu ibyuma bigoranye"
- 1936 - "Umuyaga wavutse"