Ubuzima
Yinjiye muri "Abanditsi ba Big Troika" bafunzwe na Aizek Asimov na Arthur Clark. Inshuro nyinshi wahawe ibihembo byiza "Hugo" na "bikubiyemo". Yitwa Asteroid na Martian Crater. Uyu ni Robert Heinline, umwanditsi wumunyamerika, ahanini yahinduye uburyo ibihimbano bya siyansi bisa nkubu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Robert Enon Jamline yavukiye mu mujyi wa Butler, muri Missouri, ku ya 7 Nyakanga 1907. Ababyeyi be babyaranye abana barindwi, Robert - Icya gatatu. Umuryango wabaga muri Bem wo munzu yababyeyi, mugihe umuhungu atagize imyaka itatu. Muri ako kanya, se yasanze akazi mu mujyi wa Kansas, maze umuryango wimukiyeyo.
Bane barenze imyaka ine, Robert yari i Sogokuru, kugeza apfuye. Sogokuru Alva Lyle yerekanye uruhinja runini mu bihimbano bizaza, gukunda gusoma no gusoma no mu bumenyi nyabwo. Robert, nyuma yo kwibuka sogokuru, akenshi yakoresheje alias ya lyle Monroe, igihe yatangiraga umwuga wumwanditsi.
Mu 1920, yinjiye mu ishuri ryisumbuye ryo hagati, Robert yashishikajwe na astrono. Igitekerezo cy'ubwihindurize bwa Charles Darwin cyamushimishije kandi kigaragarira mu guhanga nyuma. Umukunzi wo gukemura imirimo idasanzwe mu mibare, uyu musore yakoresheje ibyo yishimisha nyuma, nk'urugero, mu nkuru "... yubaka Domishko Domishko."
Nyuma yishuri, Heinline yahisemo guhuza ubundi buzima hamwe namato. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, byari ngombwa kwinjira mu ishuri rya Naval, ryagaragaye ko ari ikibazo. Ubwa mbere, kugirango ubone amahirwe yo kunyura mu bizamini by'intangiriro, byari ngombwa kurinda kimwe mu bagize umwe mu bagize Sena cyangwa Kongere.
Icya kabiri, ishuri ryafashwe n'umwe mu muryango, kandi mukuru wa Robert yari amaze kwiba. Umusore yagombaga gukora cyane - gukusanya amabaruwa y'ibisabwa, yahise ayijyana kuri Senateri James A. Rita mu byiringiro by'inkunga. Umwaka, Umusenateri yakiriye amabaruwa 100 y'abasabye Annapolis Academy, 50 muri bo - kuva muri Heinline.
Mu 1925 rero, Robert yageze kuri ayawe maze atangira kwiga ashishikaye. Nyuma yimyaka 4, irangira hamwe n'ikigo cy'uburezi, umusore yari nyampinga uhinyuka, kurwana no kurasa, kandi yabaye makumyabiri mu rutonde rw'abanyeshuri barangije abantu barenga magana abiri. Kandi nashoboraga kuba uwa gatanu, ariko gutakaza imyanya kubera ibibazo bya disipulini. Kugeza mu 1934, Robert yakoraga mu mato, hanyuma ahatirwa kubera igituntu kugira ngo ave mu gisirikare.
Ubuvanganzo
Amakamba yuburusiya yuburusiya agabanya ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa Heineine mugihe. Ariko, bagenzi babo bo mumahanga bahitamo kwirinda gutandukana, nkuko bisanzwe bikora bireba urwego urwo arirwo rwose.
Igitabo cya mbere cya Robert Hainline - "Twebwe," byaje kunanirwa. Ibihimbano bya siyanse byatangiye kwandika inkuru z'urubuga "amateka y'ejo hazaza". Ikinyejana cya XX cyaje hanze bitandukanye no guhanura umwanditsi, ariko mu myaka ya za 1980 yaremye isi yose uko isobanura no gukosora ibintu bidahuye n'ibihimbano.
Igitabo cya mbere cyatangajwe mu 1947 "Ubwato bwa Galileo Roketi". Ku ikubitiro, igitabo ntigishaka gucapa, nkuko umurima windege ugana ukwezi wasaga nkaho ntaho bihuriye. Ariko ibihimbano bya siyanse biracyasanze uwamamaza ntangira kurekura igitabo buri mwaka, icyo gihe cyinjiye cyitwa urubyiruko.
Ibi bitabo birashimishije kubasomyi b'imyaka iyo ari yo yose, yoroshye kandi yo kubungabunga imiterere, ariko ntabwo ibirimo. Ntabwo buri gihe byari bimeze nk'ibasizwe. Kurugero, muri "Umubumbe utukura", umwanditsi ntabwo yakundaga ubworozi hagati yabaturage ba Mars no kuba ingimbi zifitiye intwaro.
Icyamamare hagati y'abakunda ibihimbano "umuryango kugeza ku mpeshyi" (1956) na "galaxy ubwenegihugu" (1957). Iya mbere ntabwo yigeze imenyekana nkigitabo cyiza cya siyansi.
Mu mpera za 50, Robert Saint yatandukanye n'uruhare rw'umwanditsi ku rubyiruko. Ibi byakomeje kubashimira "inyenyeri igwa" - igisubizo cyihariye kubahamagaye muri leta guhagarika ibizamini bya kirimbuzi. Nyuma yibyo, igitabo cy'umwanditsi cyashinjwaga ibihugura.
Kuva mu 1961, Robert yanditse ku bakuze bakuze kandi bahindura cyane ubwoko bwa NF ubwabwo. Yamenyekanye cyane kandi amenyekana ko ari ugutwikeya no gutanga ibisobanuro ku kugwa kw'agace ku kwezi mu rwego rwo mu 1969.
Heinline yashushanyije igitekerezo kimwe, nyuma yaje kuba cliché yibwoko bwa nf. Kurugero, igitekerezo cyabanyamahanga gikandara ku isi, agatandukanya ubushake n'ubwenge bwabo, nko mu mashusho "abatetsi". Igitabo "Orange mu gihugu cyabandi", wari ufite izina ryabakozi "Hehetik", Heinline yanditse imyaka irenga 10 kandi ashora imari mu kibanza. Nyuma yo gutangaza igitabo, gukonjabaye byabaye kubera kudahuza amashusho yishusho yidini nigitsina.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, ibihimbano bya siyanse byasubiye ku bwoko bwa fantasy, hamwe no gukoresha urutonde rwanditse muri 1940 z'inkuru. "Umuhanda wa Valor" (1963) ni 'isuku "yonyine y'umwanditsi. Satura, Anti-Tolopia, Umwanditsi Filozofiya yongeyeho akazi nyuma. Umwanditsi yakoraga imyaka 48, none bibliografiya yabyo bigizwe n'ibitabo 32 n'imirimo myinshi mito, harimo inkuru 59.
Hano hari firime 4 muri heinline: "Kumanuka kwabanjire", "aho ujya" aho "(bishingiye ku bwato bw'amashusho"). Muri ibyo, aba nyuma ni bo bonyine bashobora kwitwa imyuka, kuko ibisigaye kandi abayobozi basobanuriwe vuba cyane umugambi wumwanditsi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku nshuro ya mbere, Heinline yahujwe no gushyingirwa mu 1929 hamwe na Elinor Curry, umenyereye ku ishuri. Ubukwe bwatangiye mu myaka ya za 1930. Elinor ntiyashakaga kuva mu mujyi kavukire, kandi umurimo wa gisirikare wa Robert ntabwo washakaga kuvuga sogor. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, ibihimbano bizaza byongeye gushyingirwa - kumurwanashyaka wa politiki hanyuma umugore udasanzwe Leslin McDonald.
Amaze kurangiza umwuga wa gisirikare kubera uburwayi, umwanda hamwe no gutanga uwo mwashakanye bishora mu bikorwa bya politiki bitwaje icyerekezo cy'abasosiyalisiti. Hanyuma, mu 1938, yagerageje kujya mu iteraniro rishinzwe amategeko, ridatsinzwe.
Mu gihe cy'intambara, Robert yahuye na Virginia Gershendfeld. Mu mizo ya mbere, nubwo yakundanye, ntiyashakaga gusenya ishyingiranwa na Leslin, ariko aracyatandukana mu 1947, igihe ingorane zijyanye n'inzoga zatangiraga. Umwaka umwe, yashakanye na Virginia.
Ubu bukwe bwahindutse uburyo bwatsinze - abashakanye babanaga imyaka 40. Umugore yafashaga ibihimbano kandi amushyigikira, yatanze ibitekerezo, yari umusomyi wa mbere, n'umuyobozi, n'umunyamabanga.
1970 yazanye ikibazo ku mwanditsi - imyaka irenga ibiri yafatwaga kuri Peritonis. Mu 1978, nyuma y'igitero kinini cy'umutima Ischemia, Heineine yafashe linary. Yimuye ibikorwa bike byumutima, amanota yanditse izindi nshuro eshanu. Ndetse no mu 1983, yagiye i Antaractica, kandi mbere yuko asura akandi kazi k'umugabane wose.
Urupfu
Mu 1987, ubuzima bwa Heinlan bwibasiwe, yari akeneye ubuvuzi buhoraho. Roberta na Virginia byabaye ngombwa ko bava mu rugo rwabo muri Bonnie Dun bajye mu mujyi wa Karmel. Ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1988 Robert Heinline yapfuye mu nzozi. Emphysema yahagaritse ubuzima bwumwanditsi wa siyansi uzwi siyanse. Yatwitswe, kandi umukungugu wanze hejuru y'umuraba wa pasifika.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, mu 1989, umugore we yatanze icyegeranyo cy "kwitotomba kuva mu mva", yinjiye mu kwandikirana abamamaji. Mu cyegeranyo cya 1992 "Requiem: Kubaha kwibuka kwa Databuja" byinjiye mu nkuru nkuru bitatangajwe mu buzima bw'umwanditsi.
Mu 2003, igitabo cya mbere "Twe, tubaho", cyanditswe mu 1939 kandi cyafashwe cyatakaye. Kandi hamwe no kugaruka kuri interineti, amafoto ya Robert Heinlayna, ibyo yaremye n'amagambo menshi y'ibitabo bya siyanse ya siyanse byabonetse kuri bose.
Bibliografiya
- 1941 - "Abana ba MalFusiail"
- 1942 - "Hano, Hanze"
- 1947 - "Ubwato bwa Galileo roketi
- 1948 - "Umwanya Cadet"
- 1949 - "Umubumbe utukura"
- 1950 - "Umuhinzi mu Ijuru"
- 1951 - "Abateka"
- 1951 - "Hagati y'imibumbe"
- 1952 - "umwanya wumuryango ibuye ryumuryango"
- 1953 - "Jones"
- 1954 - "Inyamaswa Inyenyeri"
- 1955 - "Umuyoboro mu kirere"
- 1956 - "Inyenyeri ebyiri"
- 1956 - "Igihe cy'Abanyenyeri"
- 1956 - "Urugi kugeza mu mpeshyi"
- 1957 - "UMUBARE WA GALAXY"
- 1958 - "Hazabaho Jade - hazaba urugendo"
- 1959 - "Inyenyeri igwa"
- 1961 - "Umunyamahanga mu Gihugu Ntazi"
- 1963 - "Kwirengagiza Isi"
- 1963 - "Umuhanda Valory"
- 1963 - "Umutimanama PODKIN"
- 1964 - "Gutunga FARNHA YUBUNTU"
- 1966 - "Ukwezi - Harsh Hostess"
- 1970 - "Ntabwo ndi ibiryo" ("kunyura ikibaya cy'igicucu kipfa")
- 1973 - "Igihe gihagije Kurukundo"
- 1979 - "Umubare w'inyamaswa"
- 1982 - "Ku wa gatanu"
- 1984 - "Akazi, cyangwa Gushinyagurira ubutabera"
- 1985 - "Injangwe inyura mu rukuta"
- 1987 - "Kureremba izuba rirenze"
- 2003 - "Twebwe"