Ubuzima
Somerset Moem - Umwanditsi 21 Roman, ukurikirana na Playwright hamwe nintare yisi, kuzenguruka intare ndende ya London, New York na Paris. Umwanditsi yakoraga mu bwoko bwa realism, yibanda ku muco wa kamere, igezweho kandi iteshuka.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
William Somerset Maem yavutse ku ya 25 Mutarama 1874. Umwana w'umunyamategeko wa ambasade y'Ubwongereza i Paris, yavugaga mu gifaransa hashize icyiza icyo kinyamakuru. Mu muryango, somerset yari umwana muto. Abavandimwe batatu bari bakuze cyane, kandi mu gihe cyo kugenda mu Bwongereza, umuhungu yagumye mu nzu y'ababyeyi umwe.
Yamaranye igihe kinini na nyina akamuboherwa. Mama yapfuye azize igituntu mugihe umwana afite imyaka 8. Iki gihombo cyabaye ihungabana rikomeye mubuzima bwa Mower. Inararibonye zarashize imyumvire y'ivugo: Somerset yatangiye stutter. Iyi mikorere yagumanye na we ubuzima.
Dawe yapfuye igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 10. Umuryango watandukanye. Abavandimwe bakuru bize ku bavoka muri Cambridge, maze somerset yohereza ku nshingano nyirarume w'umupadiri, mu nzu yambuka ubuto bwe.
Umwana yakuze afite irungu arafunga. Abana b'abanyeshuri mu Bwongereza ntibabifashe. Kwinanga kandi byibanda kumugaragaro-kuvuga igifaransa gushinyagurira. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, isoni zabaye zikomeye. Inshuti zabahungu ntabwo zari zifite. Ibitabo byabaye akazi konyine umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza wize ku ishuri ryinjije.
Afite 15, somerset yemeje nyirarume kumureka ajya mu Budage kwiga ururimi rw'ikidage. Heidelberg yabaye ahantu yabanje kumvaga bwa mbere. Umusore wumvise ibiganiro bya filozofiya, yize imitwe kandi ashishikajwe na theatre. Inyungu za somerset zireba guhanga Ibsen, Schopenhauer, Goethenha, Wagner, Spioza, Spinoza, Umuyoboro na Dante.
Mu Bwongereza, Moem yagarutse mu myaka 18. Yari afite urwego ruhagije rwuburezi kugirango bahitemo umwuga uzaza. Nyirarume yamutegetse mu nzira y'umwanditsi w'idini, ariko somerset yahisemo kujya i Londres, aho kuva mu 1892 yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri mu buvuzi mu bitaro bya Mutagatifu.
Ubuvanganzo
Ubushakashatsi bwo kwivuza nubuvuzi bwakozwe muri somerset ntabwo ari umuganga wemewe gusa, ahubwo nuwabonye umuntu wabonye abantu. Imiti ishyira urujinya ku buryo bw'umwanditsi. Ni gake yakoresheje imvugo ngereranyo na hyperboles.
Intambwe ya mbere mu bitabo yari ifite intege nke, kubera ko mu nshuti Moem atagize abantu bashoboye kuyiyobora mu nzira nziza. Yagize uruhare mu ihererekanyabubasha rya Ibsen kugira ngo ikemure tekinike yo gukora ikinamico, inkuru zanditse. Mu 1897, igitabo cya mbere "Lisa kuva Godkettta" cyagaragaye.
Gusesengura imirimo yo kwizihiza, Dostoevsky, Dickens, Flaubert, umwanditsi kandi yibanze ku bigezweho, ari byo bigezweho. Yakoranye byinshi kandi yera, buhoro buhoro aba umwe mu banditsi basoma. Ibitabo bye byagurishijwe vuba, bizana umwanditsi.
Moem yiganye abantu bakoresheje iherezo ryabo ninyuguti kumurimo. Yizeraga ko umuriro ushimishije muri buri munsi. Ibi byemejwe n'Igitabo "Lisa ukomoka ku Ntama", aho habaye ingaruka zo guhanga Emil Zol.
Mu gitabo, "Madamu Craddock" yafatwaga ku gice cy'umwanditsi Prose Gi de Maupassant. Yabanje kwibaza ku buzima n'urukundo. Ikinamico cya Moem cyamugize umuntu ufite umutekano. Premiere ya "Lady Frederick", yabaye mu 1907, yemeje imiterere ya Playwright.
Moem yubahirije imigenzo yirukana ikinamico yo gusana. Abatanga uburenganzira bari abadamu Oscar balde. Incula ya Moem igabanijwemo comic, aho ibitekerezo byumvikanyweho, bisa nibitekerezo bya shaw ya Bernard, nibidasanzwe, byerekana ibibazo byimibereho.
Mubikorwa bya my, habayeho kwerekana uburambe bwo kwitabira intambara za mbere nicyayine. Uyu mwanditsi yerekanye iyerekwa rye mu mirimo "mu mbatso ya gisirikare", "ku nkombe ya Ozor." Mu myaka y'intambara, Moem yasuye igice cy'imodoka mu Bufaransa, mu bushakashatsi bwakoraga mu Busuwisi no mu Burusiya. Umukino wa nyuma, yisanze muri Scotland, aho yafatwaga kubera igituntu.
Uyu mwanditsi yagenze cyane, asura ibihugu bitandukanye mu Burayi na Aziya, muri Afurika no ku birwa byo mu nyanja ya pasifika. Yatungishije isi y'imbere kandi itanga ibitekerezo yakoresheje mu guhanga. Ubuzima bwa somerset Moem bwari bwuzuyemo ibyabaye nibintu bishimishije.
Mubikorwa byumwanditsi bigaragaye neza hamwe nibyo bihebye. Bafite ibyago bifitanye isano n'uburemere bw'isi no kubaho kw'intwari mu mibereho, amakimbirane maremare.
"Umutwaro w'irari ryabantu" hamwe nakazi kayogereza "ku bucakara bwabantu" - ibitabo byibyiciro bihujwe. Mu gitabo, "Ukwezi no hasi" Moem atongana ku byago by'umuhanzi, mu "ibara Pokrov" - kubyerekeye uruhare rw'umuhanga, no muri "Theatre" - kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa buri munsi - kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwa Umukinnyi.
Ibitabo hamwe ninkuru za somerset maem itandukanye nibibanza bikarishye hamwe nibitekerezo bya psychologusm. Umwanditsi afite umusomyi muri voltage no gukoresha kwakira ibitunguranye. Kubaho kwabanditsi "i" mubikorwa nicyo kintu cyacyo gakondo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Abanegura n'abanya biolopirs baganiriye ku budasobanutse bw'umuntu. Abahanga mu binyabuzima ba mbere bashubije ku mwanditsi nk'umuntu ufite uburakari bubi, umunyasinike n'umubare w'amafaranga, adashobora kubona kunegura. Umwanditsi uzi ubwenge, usetsa kandi ukora cyane yashyizeho intego yo kuruvanganzo.
Ntiyibanze ku munyabwenge n'amazi, ahubwo yibanze kuri abo imirimo ye yari ifite akamaro. Mowem wabuzaga inzandiko z'umuntu ku rupfu rwe. Iri tegeko ryakuweho mu 2009. Byatumye ibintu bimwe na bimwe byubuzima bwe bwumvikana.
Mubuzima bw'umwanditsi hari abagore babiri. Yakundaga Eitovin Jones, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Sue Jones. Ishusho yayo ikoreshwa mu gitabo "pies na byeri". Umukobwa wa PlayWright, Eitovin yari umukinnyi wa filime w'imyaka 23 mu gihe cyo gukundana. Gusa yahukanye umugabo we kandi yishyiraho vuba munsi yimpano yumwanditsi.
Miss Jones yari azwiho kurakara byoroshye no kugerwaho. Moewe, ntabwo yatekereje ko ari bibi. Ubwa mbere ntabwo yateguye ubukwe, ariko bidatinze ahindura icyemezo. Ku cyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'umutima, umwanditsi yakiriye kwanga. Umukobwa yari atwite undi.
Somerset Moem yashakanye na Siri Mogam, abakobwa ba Pagam, bazwi kubikorwa byitaboneza. Siri yashoboye gushyingirwa. Afite 22, yashakanye na Henrilkama, wari ufite imyaka 48. Umugabo yari nyir'ikigo cya farumasi.
Umuryango wahise utangira kubera ubuhemu bwumugore we hamwe na nyiri amaduka yishami rya Londres. Moem yahuye numukobwa muri 1911. Umukobwa wa Elizabeti yavukiye mu bumwe. Muri icyo gihe, Siri ntabwo yatananywe na Welkam. Gushyikirana na Moem byagaragaye ko bitera isoni. Umukobwa yagerageje kwiyahura kubera ibirego byuwahoze ari umugabo kubatana.
Moem yinjiye muri nyakubahwa kandi ashakanye na Siri, nubwo ibyiyumvo byarazimiye vuba. Bidatinze, abashakanye batangira gutura ukundi. Mu 1929, gutandukana kwabo kwabaye. Uyu munsi, ntamuntu ni ibanga ryimibonano mpuzabitsina ya Moem, ritemewe, ariko nanone ntuhakanye abaolopi.
Ubumwe na Gerald Hackston yemeje ubwenge bw'umwanditsi. Somerset Moem yari afite imyaka 40, kandi mugenzi we afite imyaka 22. Hekston aheruka, Hekston aherekeje imbeho nk'umunyamabanga mu ngendo. Yanyweye, yakundaga gukina urusimbi kandi yakoresheje amafaranga.
Imenyerewe Hackston umwanditsi yakoresheje nka prototypes kubikorwa bye. Birazwi ko Gerald yashakishije abafatanyabikorwa bashya kumugaragaro. Umwe muri abo bagabo yari David.
Urubyiruko rw'imyaka cumi n'irindwi rwahuye n'umumogomo mu 1943, ubwo yari afite imyaka 69. Hackston yapfuye azize ibihaha Edema, na Alan Sirl, umufana n'umukunzi mushya w'umwanditsi baramuhinduye. Mu 1962, imbonankubone yemeye ku mugaragaro umunyamabanga we, amaze kwambura umukobwa wa Elizabeti uburenganzira bwo kuzungura. Ariko umukobwa yashoboye kurengera uburenganzira bwemewe, kandi Urukiko rwemeje ko rutemewe.
Urupfu
Somerset Moem yapfuye avuye muri pneumonia imyaka 92 yubuzima. Ibi byabaye ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1965 mu mujyi wa Saint Ferra y'Intara Umufaransa-Jean-Cap, utari kure. Binyuranyije n'amategeko yubufaransa yumurwayi wapfuye mu nkuta y'ibitaro, ntabwo yashyize ahagaragara, kandi atwara inzu maze bukeye bavuga amagambo yerekeye urupfu.Abavandimwe n'inshuti z'umwanditsi bavuze ko yabonye ubuhungiro bwa nyuma kuri villa yakundaga. Umwanditsi ntashyinguwe, kubera ko imirambo yakozwe. Umukungugu watewe n'inkuta z'isomero ku ishuri ry'umwami muri Canterbury. Iki kigo gitwara izina rye.
Bibliografiya
- 1897 - "Lisa ukomoka kuri Nta Ntama"
- 1901 - "Intwari"
- 1902 - Madamu Craddock
- 1904 - "Carousel"
- 1908 - "MAG"
- 1915 - "Umutwaro w'irari ryabantu"
- 1919 - "Ukwezi na GROSS"
- 1922 - "Ku Bashinwa Shirma"
- 1925 - "PLATEPECE"
- 1930 - "pies na byeri, cyangwa skeleton mu kabati"
- 1931 - "Inkuru esheshatu zanditswe mu muntu wa mbere"
- 1937 - "Ikinamico"
- 1939 - "Ibiruhuko bya Noheri"
- 1944 - "Ibiti byomeneka"
- 1948 - "Catalina"
Amagambo
Amagambo, Aphorisms n'amagambo yubupfumu bifite akamaro muri iki gihe. Batanga ibisobanuro kubibazo byubuzima, imyumvire yabantu, uburenganzira nimyitwarire ye kubihanga byabo.
"Mbere yo kwandika igitabo gishya, buri gihe cyongeye gusuzuma" akandida "kugira ngo ntagereranywa n'ubusa, ubuntu n'ubwenge," niba ntatekereje ko ari ngombwa kugenzura ibikorwa byabo ku ruhame kugira ngo bige, uburyo bwo kwandika bo. "" Gupfa - Isomo rirambiranye kandi ribabaza. Inama zanjye kuri wewe: irinde ikintu nk'icyo. "" BURUNDU mubuzima aribyo: Niba wanze gufata ibintu byose, usibye ibyiza, noneho ukunze kubabona. "