Ubuzima
Imyaka ya silver yashyikirije ibitabo byikirusiya amazina menshi. Umwe mu bashinze imvugo yikirusiya Leonid Andreev hamwe nuburyo bwe bwihariye kuburenganzira bibera muri saliader yimpano zo gufungura XIX-XX.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ku ya 9 Kanama 1871, mu muryango wa Ambarer-umusorero Nikolai Ivanovich n'umukobwa wa Cancewner Anastasia Nikolaevna, umuhungu Nee, yavutse. Idosiye ya Leonid yahamagaye, kandi ni we yagenewe kwandika mu mirimo iri imbere, aracyakora ku mitima, ahisha imirongo yihishe y'umutima w'umuntu.
Andreevs yabaga mu mujyi wa Orel ku muhanda wa 2 wa Puchkar - Uwo umwanditsi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'imwe mu nkuru za mbere mu nkuru ze "Bargamot na Garaska". Mugihe cyo kubyara umwana, umuryango wumukuru amaherezo wungutse byibuze amafaranga amwe.
Se wa Leoni yubahwa n'abaturanyi kubera imico ihamye no gukunda ubutabera. Kubwamahirwe, Nikolai Ivanovich yakundaga kunywa, no kunywa kurwana. Leonid Andreev yaje kuvuga ko yarazwe na se, inzoga. Kandi kuva kuri nyina, nubwo yigishije nabi, ariko hamwe nigitekerezo gikungahaye, ni impano yo guhanga.
Muri Oryel Gymnasium ya Cymnasium, ejo hazaza herekanye amaboko, ndetse ikaguma mu mwaka wa kabiri. Ko yayobowe neza, bityo rero ni byo yakunze kubyandikira abo bigana. Noneho Leonid yerekanye impano yo kwigana - irashobora "kwigana" uburyo, kurugero, chekhov cyangwa tolmatoy.
Kandi kuva mu bwato, umuhungu yakundaga gusoma, kandi nkuko we ubwe yandikaga muri autobiografiya, "ibitabo byabyibushye". Ariko kuba uyu mwana bizahinduka umwanditsi, muri iyo myaka nta muntu wigeze utekereza, harimo na Andreev ubwe.
Mu myaka yishuri, Leonid yakundaga gushushanya. Yoo, mu mujyi wawe, nta mahirwe yo kubona ubumenyi bwibanze ku gushushanya, umwanditsi hanyuma yicuza inshuro nyinshi. Kandi rimwe na rimwe, byari bifatwa kuri brush - igice cyimirimo ye Leonid ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe ubwe yaremye ingero.
Kwandika byakuze bivuye gusoma. Leonid Soma byinshi: Tolstoy, Hartmanna, Schopenhauer. Aba nyuma bagize uruhare runini ku murimo w'umwanditsi, cyane cyane igitabo "Amahoro nk'ubushake n'aho" kimwe mu bitabo bya Andreeva. Mu mbaraga z'abanditsi bakundaga mu myaka 15-16, umusore yatangiye kubabara "ibibazo byaciriwe bugufi."
Hanyuma Andreev yihaye isezerano ryo kurimbura imirimo ye y'urukundo, imyitwarire, idini kandi "irangiza ubuzima bwabo hamwe nigihe cyose." Iyi nteruro yamenyekanye ko yakabyaye umwanditsi w'Uburusiya, mu gihe cya none cya Andreeva Vruzynin.
Andreev ntabwo yari azi kubaho ituje, mubuzima bwe hari impande nyinshi zikarishye - kugerageza kwiyahura, urubavu rwigihe kirekire, urukundo rutagira iherezo. Muri rusange, ijambo "ishyaka" ntirishoboka kuranga byimazeyo ibintu bibabaza kandi byihishe byumwanditsi. Kumukunda byari imbaraga zo gutwara, birakenewe.
Nkumunyeshuri wishami ryakarere ka kaminuza ya St. Petersburg, Leonid yahatiye kwiga kubera kwiyahura yananiwe hashingiwe ku byiyumvo bidafite ishingiro. Indi mpamvu yo kuva muri kaminuza yari urupfu rwa se. Imiterere y'imari y'umuryango yashonze cyane, kandi, kubera iyo mpamvu, yazimiye amahirwe yo kwishyura amasomo yabo. Hanyuma Andreev atangira kunywa - no kwandika. Inkuru ya mbere ivuga ku munyeshuri ushonje cyane, ariko ntiyamwemera mu biro by'ubwanditsi.
Yakomeje umwanditsi we umunyeshuri mu ishami ry'ishami rya kaminuza ya Moscou. Leonid yabonye ubuzima bwe n'umuryango we w'imfubyi ufite inyigisho. Yanditse kandi amashusho. Mu munyeshuri w'umusore ntabwo yakundaga politiki, bitandukanye nurubyiruko, ahubwo ni filozofiya ya Nietzsche.
Cyane kumureba byari ibitekerezo byubusobanuro bwubuzima n'agaciro k'umuntu ubwayo. Kuba murugo mubiruhuko mu 1894, Leonid yongeye gukundana, kandi na none birananirana. Undi yagerageje kwiyahura yakurikiranye. Nyuma yibyo, Andreev yakiriye indwara idakira (indwara z'umutima), amaherezo ikamutera umutego.
Kurangiza neza kaminuza mu 1897, umwanditsi yakoraga ibikorwa by'umuvoka kugeza mu 1902. Muri icyo gihe, Amorreev yakoraga nk'umunyamakuru muri Escow Editions - "Courier" na "Moscou Bulletin".
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 1898, inkuru ya Andreeva "Bargamot na Garaska" yacapishijwe muri courier bwa mbere. Icyubahiro cyaje ku mwanditsi mu 1901, nyuma yo gutangazwa mu kinyamakuru "ubuzima". " Bidatinze, Leonid Andreev yavuye muri avoka kandi afata neza ibitabo.
Yumvikanye nimugoroba, yazanye abo muziranye hamwe no guteka, Bunin n'abandi banditsi, batewe no kunegura no kunenga. Igikorwa cy'umwanditsi cyagaragaje Maxim Gorky kandi gifasha ibyo kurekura icyegeranyo cya mbere cy'inkuru, no kuzenguruka binini. Hari inshuro enye zoherejwe kubera gukundwa.
Kusa "," yabayeho, "," ",", "," ",". "Umumarayika", "" Umumarayika "kandi icyarimwe haza imbuto nziza yukuri, atera inkunga impuhwe zanditswe nururimi nzima. Inyuguti zinkuru zibaho hafi - Yego kuri 2 funkin muri Orel.
Inkuru zasohotse mu 1902 zateje spores. Umwanditsi yavugaga ibyafatwaga nk'igituje cy'ubugingo bwijimye, ku bw'indahiro ry'ubugingo bwa muntu, kubyerekeye ubwoba, ibijyanye n'imyifatire, mu bihe bigoye bigatsinda byoroshye ubwenge bwa muntu, kimwe nurugero, mu nkuru "Ikuzimu".
Icyamamare "Guseka" Andreeva, ibintu byiza byintambara yo mu Burusiya-Ikiyapani cyo muri 1904, biteye ubwoba. Uyu mwanditsi ubwe ntiyarwanye, ariko hari amakuru y'ikinyamakuru ahagije ku babyiboneye, kugira ngo ibitekerezo bikungahaye ku mwanditsi n'umuhanzi byatumye habyara ibirangizo biteye ubwoba.
Ku cyiciro gikurikira cyubuzima bwo guhanga cya Andreev yaremye ibikorwa byinshi - gucuranga, ibitabo, umugani ", nibindi. Yuda Israarioti yateje amakimbirane menshi no kutishimira abizera, kuko muri iyi nkuru intumwa - abantu basanzwe, ntabwo ari ibibi, na Yuda - umuntu ubabaye. Iyi nkuru yasohotse mu kidage, Icyongereza n'Igifaransa, yarokotse inkinzo nyinshi.
Ikiranga cyo guhanga Andreeva ya Leonid kuva mubitekerezo byunganira ubutumwa nubushobozi bwo kutabona icyerekezo cyumwanditsi mubyerekezo runaka mubitabo. Uburyo butandukanye cyane nubuhanzi bukoreshwa numwanditsi, uburyo ntibusanzwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1902, Andreev yahujwe no gushyingirwa hamwe na Verlirskaya, abuzukuru wa Taras Shevchenko, kandi muri uwo mwaka, bombi bavutse ari imfura. Mu 1906, umuhungu wa Daniyeli aravuka, kandi Alegizandere yapfuye azize ubushyuhe bwo mu mwanya wa nyuma.
Mu 1908, Leonid Andreev yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri - kuri Anna Ilinichna Denisevich (Karnitskaya). Kuva ku mubano wa kabiri bavutse bavutse abahungu ba Sava (1909) na Valentine (1912) n'umukobwa wa Vera (1910). Abana uko ari batanu bose bari nka Data, abantu bahanga.
Ntabwo benshi bazi ibintu bishimishije mubuzima bwumwanditsi: Leonid Andreev ntabwo yari urwenya kumafoto y'amabara. Aracyafatwa nkimwe muri ba shebuja beza kwisi wakoraga muri tekinike ya avorthrom. Abavandimwe ba Lumiere bahimbye ubu buhanga, kandi kugeza mu 1935 ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kubona amafoto y'amabara.
Urupfu
Imvugo yo mu Kwakira 1917 ntabwo yemeye umwanditsi, Bolshevicks yamuteye imyifatire mibi cyane. Mu mwaka w'u Rwanda wakiriye ubwigenge bwa Finlande, Leonid Andreev yabaga muri iki gihugu bityo akaba yari ahimwe ku gahato. Ngaho, mu mujyi wa Mustami, ku ya 12 Nzeri 1919, Leonid Andreev yarapfuye. Impamvu y'urupfu irambye harimo ishingiro ry'umutima. Yashyinguye umwanditsi hafi, i Mariko.
Mu 1956, umukungugu wa Andreev wasubitswe i Leningrad ku irimbi ry'impyisi. Ntiwibagiwe mu gihugu cy'umwanditsi y'umwanditsi yibutse, kandi kuva 1956 imirimo ye yahisemo yakunze gusubiraho. Umurage umwanditsi yavuye, akubiyemo inkuru 89, ibice 20, inkuru 8 hamwe n'ibitabo. Ibitekerezo byafunzwe numwanditsi mumunwa wintwari cyangwa umuntu wambere wanditse na cote. Kuva mu 1991, inzu ndangamurage ya Leonid Andreeva yagiye ikora muri Orel.
Bibliografiya
Ibice
- 1906 - Ku nyenyeri
- 1907 - Ubuzima bwabantu
- 1907 - Savva
- 1908 - King inzara
- 1908 - maskes yumukara
- 1909 - Anatama
- 1909 - Iminsi Yubuzima Bwacu
- 1910 - ANFISA
- 1910 - Gaudaamus.
- 1911 - inyanja
- 1912 - Ekaterina Ivanovna
- 1912 - Porofeseri Shutyn
- 1913 - Sabine nziza
- 1913 - Ntukice
- 1914 - Yatekereje
- 1914 - Samson muri Okovas
- 1915 - Uwakubise urushyi
- 1915 - Requiem.
- 1917 - Abazimu beza
- 1922 - Doar Waltz
Amazina n'umugani
- 1903 - Ubuzima bwa Vasily Baken
- 1904 - Guseka Umutuku
- 1907 - Juda Israziot
- 1908 - Inyandiko zanjye
- 1908 - Inkuru Yerekeye zirindwi
- 1911 - Sasha Zagulav
- 1916 - Intambara ya IG A
- 1919 - Diary ya Satani