Ubuzima
Alexander Sergeevich wen ubwe yishimiye imirimo ya Gabriel derzhavin. Usibye ibitabo, mu biografiya ya Gabriel Romanovich, serivisi rusange, ubudahemuka ku muzungura n'indirimbo itemewe y'Ingoma zari zihari.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umusizi na umunyapolitiki bavukiye mu Ntara ya Kazan mu 1743. Isabukuru yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga kubera uburyo bushya. Ihuriro ry'Abaheda ryaturutse muri Tatar Murza Bagir. Nk'uko imigani y'umuryango ivuga ko sekuruza yagiye mu mategeko y'umwijima mu buryo bugaragara avuye ku murongo wa Horde wa Zahabu mu kinyejana cya XV.
Ahindura idini, wahoze ari horde, izina Ilya, igihe yabatizwaga, yarabatijwe. Kuva mu bahungu ba Ilya - Imbaraga - kandi ishami rya Kinriel ya Gabriel Romanovich yabaye.
Umuryango wa Derzhavini ntabwo wari ushyushye. Data, umunyacyubahiro mu mutwe w'icyubahiro wa mbere, ubuzima bwakozwe hakiri kare, ubuzima bw'Umwana w'Umwana yari ku bitugu bya nyina wa fekla andreevna. Byari bigoye ko umugore aha Gaburiyeli uburezi bukwiye. Ubwa mbere, umuhungu yiganye fagitire, gusoma no kwandika no kwandika murugo. Abigisha ba mbere bari abayobozi.
Afite imyaka irindwi, umuhungu yinjiye mu ishuri ry'icumbi i Orenburg, ntabwo atandukanijwe n'icyubahiro cy'amahugurwa ahesozi afite ubuziranenge. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nyuma yamasomo yakiriwe, Derzhavin azatangira kuvuga Ikidage. Bake nyuma, umuryango wimukiye i Kazan, naho umusore akomeza kwiga siporo.
Imikino ngororamubiri yakunzwe nubuhanzi nubuhanga yatsinze cyane. Hano, umwangavu yahuye nakazi k'abasizi Mkhail Lomontov, Alexandre Redarov, Vedily Trediakovsky. Umusore ubwe afata ikaramu mumaboko ye akagerageza imbaraga mumivugo. Pancake yambere yahindutse icyumba, inyuguti ntizagenze neza, ariko byaje kubaza Inama Njyanama.
Mu 1762, icyifuzo cya Trojannovsky ya Turnonnovsky yaje ku ruganda rwa mbere ya mbere, kandi umusore ahagarara ku gisirikare. Gabriel Romanovich ubwe yatekereje ko iyi myaka iriba cyane mubuzima bwe bwose. Kubera ko nta mwanya wo gutangira, iminsi y'icyumweru yashyizwe mu bikorwa byo guhirika ubutegetsi, aho derzhavin yitabiriye hamwe n'abazamu basigaye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ekaterina II yari mu ntebe y'ubwami.
Kubanyacyubahiro muto, ubuzima bwingabo ntibworoheye. Mu mizo ya mbere, byari ngombwa gusangiraga ikigo n'abasirikare, igihe cyo ku cyiciro cy'imivugo cyangwa siyanse cyarazimiye. Gabriel Romanovich ntabwo yari afite abakiriya bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bagenda buhoro buhoro. Umusizi uzaza yagombaga kubaza mu nyandiko ibijyanye no kwiyongera kwa Alexey Orlov, umujura kubanyamisobe. Icyifuzo cyaranyuzwe, umunyacyubahiro yakiraga imisaya, yimukiye mu kigo cya ofisiye. Ariko icyo gihe, Derzhavin yatwarwaga n'ibikoresho n'imikino y'ikarita.
Mu 1770, umunyacyubahiro yahisemo kuva mu buzima bukabije, kandi mu 1772 yashishikajwe no guhashya bunth ya Pugachev.
Ubuvanganzo
Akazi ka mbere, cyasohotse mu icapiro mu 1773 kandi rifite na Peru Derzhavin, yari umukwe wo guteka wa Grand Duke Paul Petrovich. Ubwa mbere, umusizi yafashe uburyo bwa Lomonosov. Kubwamahirwe, Gabriel Romanovich ntashobora gusubiramo uburyo "ikirere" cyo guhanga Mikhail Vasilyevich.
Bidatinze, nyuma y'inshuti z'inshuti nyinshi mu bikorwa by'ubuvanganzo, Derzharatin yatoye icyitegererezo cya Oda. Dukurikije Umuremyi, umurimo w'ingenzi w'umwanditsi ni uguhimbaza ibikorwa byiza no gucibwa ibibazo bibi.
Mu ntangiriro, imirimo y'umusizi yacapishijwe nta mukono wa St. Petersburg. Umucyo wabonye "urufunguzo", "abategetsi n'abacamanza". Ariko, sublime n'ibisigo by'ibigo byagize derzhavin bizwi mu banditsi, ariko si muri sosiyete.
Izina rya Gabriel Romanovich ryakubise nyuma yo kuzindikira kuri Felitsa, usunika Catherine. Kubisigo bishishikaye, umusizi yakiriye isanduku yo mu bundingo, yuzuyeho diyama, aho chervins 500 zari zibeshya.
Nyuma yibyo, "Isumo" Ibisigo byacapishijwe mu "Menyekubite", "Icyerekezo Murza", "Mana". Oda iheruka yabaye ikamba ryo guhanga Gabriel Romanovich, kandi umusizi ubwe aba mu mabati n'ibigirwamana. Abanditsi bose bashizeho imirimo amagana bagize ibitabo rusange. Ukuri gushimishije ni ubworoherane bwa derzhavin mubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Mu 1815, Tsarskoyumu Lyceum yari amaze kumenyekana nkumwanditsi wemewe. Gutungurwaga nabanyeshuri, ikibazo cya mbere, cyabajijwe Umwanditsi wibisigo sublime, yari ahari ubwiherero. By the way, abamamaye cyane kandi bafite impano Lusifuzi Alexander Sergeevich fushkin yatekerezaga gusa ibisigo. Akazi "Ndi urwibutso ubwanje gushinga ikibi" byanditswe na we ukurikije icyitegererezo cy '"urwibutso" rwa derzhavin.
Ukuri kwizewe ni urukundo rwa derzhanin kuri erotic prose. Umwanditsi yanditse imirimo, abaha ubwitonzi budasanzwe, bagerageza kuvana amagambo avuye mu nyandiko n'amajwi ya "P". Muri icyo gihe, Gabriel Romanovich yahisemo ko ibyo yaremye byasomwe muri sosiyete y'abagore.
Birumvikana, cyane cyane Derzhanin yishora mu guhanga cyane. Rero, kugeza ku mubare w'amahirwe y'ubuvanganzo, indirimbo idasanzwe y'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya ni "Inkuba Inkuba, Kugabana!", Byanditswe nyuma yo gufata igihome mfite chewasi n'ingabo z'Uburusiya mu ntambara yo muri Turukiya. Umuziki wanditse Osip Kozlovsky.
Politiki
Usibye ibitabo, Gabriel Romanovich yakoraga imirimo mbonezamubano. Nyuma yo kwegura igihe kirekire mu 1777, Derzhavin yahaye abajyanama ba kaminuza maze akira imitima 300 y'abahinzi muri Biyelorusiya. Mu 1780, umunyacyubahiro agwa muri Sena, ariko igororoka rya Derzhavin n'ibitabo mu byemezo byatanzwe n'umunyapolitiki.
Mu 1783, kuba umunyamuryango w'ishuri ry'Uburusiya, umusizi yagize uruhare mu gutegura inkoranyamagambo ya mbere yubwenge.
Mu 1784, umunyacyubahiro yashyizweho n'Umutegetsi wa Olonetsky, kandi kuva 1786 kugeza 1788 akorera umutwe wibiciro bya Tambov. Intara yashyizwe ku rutonde mu inyuma. Mu gihe gito, guverineri mushya yashoboye kuzamura icyubahiro cy'ubutaka bwashinzwe. Iya mbere mu ntara ya Typography, Ishuri, Ibitaro, Ubuhungiro hamwe na Theatre.
Kuva 1791, Derzhavin asubira mu murwa mukuru, mu rukiko rwa Catherine. Umwanya wa Minisitiri w'ubutabera w'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya, ibyo yigaruriye mu 1802-1803, ni ikamba ry'umwuga wa politiki wa Noble.
Kuva kuri iyi nyandiko, Gabriel Romanovich yeguye kandi abone umwanya wo kwitangira rwose ubuzima bwiza. Gukemura mu mutungo w'intara ya Novgorod, umusizi akora iminsi yo kwandika ibisigo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwo mwashakanye wa mbere wumusizi mu 1778 yari Ekaterina wimyaka 16 yakovlevna bastidoni. Undi mukobwa ukiri muto, afite imyaka 34, Catherine yaguye mu buryo butunguranye ashyingurwa ku irimbi rya Lazareviya i St. Petersburg.
Derzhavin amaze amezi atandatu yongeye gushaka. Iki gihe, Daria Alekseevna Dyakova, wabayeho kugeza ubuzima bwe burangiye abatoranijwe. Abagore bombi b'umusizi mu mirimo.
Abana kavukire ntibari bafite ijuru, ariko mwishywa n'abavandimwe b'imfubyi ba Derzhanin, Peter Lazarev, barerewe mu kwita ku muryango mu muryango. Umwe mu bahungu - Mikhail Lazarev, nyuma yafunguye Antalctica, kuba umuhanga.
Urupfu
Mu 1816, bamaze kuba muri make, umusizi uzwi cyane w'Uburusiya yapfiriye mu mutungo we mu ntara ya Novorod.
Imva ya Gabriel Romanovich hamwe n'umugore we, wasize ubuzima bwamateka ya vallaamo khutyn hafi y'abihaye Imana hafi hafi ya veliky Novgorod.
Amagambo
Amakuru akenshi ntabwo atandukanye, nkuwihutira kwibagirwa kahise. Hariho umwete wo kwibagirwa umuntu. Nta kumenyekanisha ku bandi bagenzi babo bagomba kuba banvikwa, kwimuka no kuyoborwa no kuyoborwa no gukunda igihugu. Agomba gukunda ko gusenga, ayisuka ku bayoboye kandi abe urugero muri bo muri Leta yose. Syll izagumaho indogobe, nubwo hari interabwoba rye; Agomba gukorana n'ubwenge, ni ko ari chloride gusa. ugutwi.Bibliografiya
- 1798 - "Gusangira Derzhavin"
- Derzhavin Gabriel Romanovich "Imirimo. Ed. Ya. Grott mu gitabo cya 9"
- 1933 - "Derzhavin G. R. Umuvugo"
- 1957 - "Ibisigo G. R. Derzhavina"
- 1980 - "Umuvugo. Prose. (G. R. DERZHAVIN)"
- 1984 - "Ukunda Prose. (G. R. DERZHAVIN)"