Ubuzima
Kuba yarabayeho gato mu gice kirenze igice kinini, uyu mwanditsi, umusizi, umunyamakuru yashoboye kuva mu kimenyetso cyiza mu bitabo by'Uburusiya. Abana sasha ni ikimenyetso cyirabura nk '"umubyeyi" uzwi cyane ku izina rya Mickey isi, Umwanditsi w'imivugo myinshi n'inkuru. Kandi abantu bakuru ntibabyigiriye kubikorwa bidasubira mubana gusa, ahubwo no kuri Satrir ushishikaye, ibyo byose ibyo yaremye byumwanditsi birasimba.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mu mpera za Xyili, umuryango w'Abayahudi usanzwe wabaga ku muhanda wa Rishel'evkavskaya: ibivugwa muri Mendel Gllyckberg, umugore we Marykberg, umugore we Maryam, ababaza kandi barwaye hysteria, n'abana batanu. Umuhungu wavukiye muri uyu muryango 1 (13) yo mu ya 1880 Ukwakira, yakiriye izina Alegizandere. Ubwana bwa Sasha ntirwari bwishimye. Data, umukozi w'isosiyete ya farumasi, yahoraga mu muhanda. Kubera uko ubuzima bufite ubuzima, abana bakoze mbere ntibakoze, ariko yinubira umugabo we. Bidatinze, ahanishwa, abana be bahageze ntibakundaga kandi bafite ubwoba.
Mu 1887, Uburusiya bwafashe ibisanzwe aho Abayahudi batashoboraga gukora ibirenze 10 ku ijana by'abanyeshuri ba bymmnasium. Glyciberg umusenyi wabonye inzira - yabatijwe umuryango. Mfite imyaka icyenda, Alegizandere yinjiye muri siporo. Kwiga, kwahawe umuhungu byoroshye, byabujije umwuka mwinshi mumuryango, kandi ufite imyaka 15 yahungaga murugo.
Mushiki wa se kavukire, mushiki wa se, yatwaye mwishywa i St. Petersburg, muri siporo, ku kibaho cyuzuye. Muri St. Petersburg Gymnasium, Alegizandere yagombaga kugorana - ntashobora guhangana na porogaramu kuri Algebra akaguruka mu kigo cy'uburezi.
Ababyeyi ntibatwitse bafite icyifuzo cyo gutanga inkunga y'amafaranga ku muhungu w'ikirara. Umusore yagombaga gusabiriza, ariko kubaho kwamara igihe kirekire. Iherezo ry'imbere y'umunyamakuru Nongeye Alexander Yablonovsky amwenyura mu musizi azaza. Yasohoye ingingo yerekeye umusore w'umukene mu kinyamakuru "umuhungu w'uruganda", kandi inkuru ibabaje yasomye Kontantin Roche, umuyobozi wa Kntantin Roche, umuyobozi wa ZhytAntin Roche, umuyobozi wa ZhytAntin, umuyobozi wa Zhyt, umusizi, umusizi, umugaragaro, umugaragaro, umugaragaro, umugaragaro, umugaragaro, umugaragaro.
Roche yakuye Alexander Gllyckberg kuri Zhytomyr, yiyemeza muri siporo, aho, ariko, umusore na we yijeje kubera gutongana n'umuyobozi. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kugabanywa, umusika uzaza yakiriye "itike yogosha" - iteka ryose yatakaje uburenganzira bwo kwinjira.
Muri icyo gihe, Alegizandere yari afite imyaka 20. Umusore yasimbuye Gymnasium yingabo, aho imyaka ibiri yakoreraga kenshi. Ku wundi mwaka yakoraga kuri gasutamo muri Novoselitsa, ku mupaka na Otirishiya - Hongiriya. Mu 1904, ikinyamakuru "Voln Bulletin" cyasohoye "ikarita ya Essoner" - umurimo wambere wumwanditsi. Bidatinze, Alexander Glyckberg yinjiye muri icyo kinyamakuru nka Fechelonika. Yoo, mu mezi abiri, ikinyamakuru cyaretse kubaho, kandi ejo hazaza Sasha Umukara Yimukiye i Petersburg
Ubuvanganzo
Ubuvanganzo bw'Uburusiya bukungahaye ku "kuvuga" idini nka Maxim Gorky, Demyan Umukene, Emil Krotsky. Alias Sasha Umukara afite inkomoko itandukanye. Alexander Glikebberg yari afite idini ritandukanye - ubwaryo, Heine kuva kuri Zhytomyr, nibindi. Kandi izina abasomyi noneho bazi umusizi numwanditsi, ukomoka mu bwana: nuko rero brunet casha yise bene wabo gutandukanya undi Sasha Gllyckberg - blonde.
Igisigo cya mbere, cyashyizweho umukono na Sasha Black, cyasohotse mu 1905 kandi giturika rubanda rwo gusoma. Munsi yizina "Chepuha" yahishe hese salare hejuru yimbaraga noneho: Abadepite ba Leta Duma, abakozi ndetse n'umwami. Ikinyamakuru "indorerezi" nyuma yibi bimaze gufungwa. Sasha umukara yakuye ku muhengeri wo gukundwa, ibisigo bye byacapwe mu binyamakuru bya sateri ", Almanac", "masike."
Mu 1906, icyegeranyo cya mbere cy'imivugo cya Sasha Umwirabura cyarasohotse, ariko kubera imirimo yo kwerekeza kwa politiki, gukwirakwiza byafashwe. Umwanditsi yatangiye gutabwa muri yombi, ava mu Budage, aho umugabane wagiye witabira ibiganiro muri kaminuza ya heidelberg.
St. Petersburg Sasha Umukara wagarutse mu 1908. Imyaka itatu ya Arkady Averchenko yasohoye gahunda yumurimo wumwanditsi ukiri muto mu kinyamakuru "Sarikon", ayobowe na auspiimies yo gusetsa byiza icyo gihe. Mu myaka yashize, impano yumuzi mwinshi wibinyejana bya silloye, Ibisigo bya Sasha Black byatangajwe neza, amakuru ya Sovremennik, "izuba ry'uburusiya" n'abandi, bumvise gusa ishimwe kubanenga. Ariko, amaze kugera ku ntsinzi, Sasha yagumye umuhungu umwe wafunze.
Mu 1912, amaze kugenda i Capri, Sasha Umukara wagize inshuti na Maxim Gorky, nagerageje kwandika Prose. Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yaratangiye, kandi Alegizandere yoherereza Sanitar mu bitaro bya St. Petersburg, ariko hanyuma ahindura mu murima Lazaret. Mu gihe cy'intambara, Sasha-Umusizi ntashobora kurema, byabaye ngombwa ko afata depression nyinshi. Ariko Sasha-Prosaic yakoze cyane, yandika kandi yatanga ibitabo ku bana.
Sasha Umukara n'ubworoherane bufungura isi yose imbere y'abana. Muri iyi mirimo ye - ikora ku rukundo kubana kandi icyarimwe, ubushobozi bwo kubyuka hamwe numwana kandi biganisha kubiganiro bitunguranye. Bana kuri we - Abasomyi bombi, hamwe ninyuguti z'imirimo, nk'inkuru "imfungwa ya Caucase" cyangwa "inzu mu busitani".
Ikindi kiranga ni uguhuza imirongo ikuze ya satciless saredire, umurava utangaje, ububabare bwo mumutwe no kwiheba ubuziraherezo. N'imirongo ifite ibisigo, intego itandukanye cyane. Kurugero, "Gallechata" ni urumuri n'umwuka, "Orange" ahumeka hamwe na Lyrism, nubwo ufite igitero cy'icyaha. Na "hyena" bisa nkaho ari miriature kubana, ariko umwanzuro w'uko umwanditsi akora, ahindukirira abantu bakuru.
Mu 1918, Sasha Black, utari wemeye Bolshevik weedist, yahisemo ubuzima mu kwimuka. Muri biografiya y'abimukira - Lituwaniya, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa. Umwanditsi yacapishijwe mu binyamakuru no mu binyamakuru, yayoboye nimugoroba, yavuganye n'imirongo. Muri Fox Mikki Diary ", hashobora gusinzira Porofeseri", "igitabo cyatuje". Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi, yazanywe ku musomyi wa "Square-Marison" n "imigani y'umusirikare".
Peru Sasha Umukara ni uw'ibitabo birenga 40, amacakubiri agera ku 100, ibisigo byinshi, ibisigo byinshi, ndetse no kohereza Knuta Gmosun, Heinrich Heine, Richard Demel n'abandi. Imirongo ya Sasha Black Umukara Dmitry Shostakovich yakoze imirimo myinshi yumuziki.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Sasha umukara yashakanye rimwe n'iteka ryose. Maria Vasilyeva yabaye umutware - umuyobozi we muri iyo minsi igihe umusizi yakoraga mu kirego cya serivisi cya gari ya moshi warsaw. Umugore yarize imyaka itari mike, ariko ntabi cyangwa ibyo cyangwa icyo bivuze muburezi n'umwanya byabujijwe Sasha na Marina kugira ngo batangire ubucuti, noneho gukura mubukwe.
Mu 1905, Alegizandere, yashakanye, yarushijeho kwizerwa. Maria Ivanovna akikikiza umugabo we afite impungenge, yakuyeho ibibazo byo murugo. Mu mahoro n'ubwumvikane, babayeho ubuzima bwabo bwose, nta bana bari bakomoka ku bashakanye.
Mu mpera za 1920, Sasha Umukara yubatse inzu mu majyepfo y'Ubufaransa, muri koloni y'Uburusiya ya La ubutoni. Ngaho, muri Provence, yabayeho kugeza apfuye.
Urupfu
Umusizi n'umwanditsi bapfuye ku ya 5 Kanama 1932. Alegizandere yafashije kuzimya umuriro uva mu baturanyi, ararengana, ananiwe. Yagarutse mu rugo, aryama ku buriri kandi ntagihagurukira - ubuzima bwe bwahagaritse umutima.
Nashyinguye Sasha Umukara ku Irimbi Do Lavender, ariko aho ubu, ntawe uzavuga - mu 1961, Maria Ivanovna yapfuye, kandi ku mva yabaye nta muntu wo kwishyura. Ndetse ifoto yahantu h'ikiruhuko cya nyuma cya Alexander Glyckberg ntabwo yabitswe. Mu 1978, irimbi ryashyizwe mu kwibuka umusizi.
Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, Cornea wa Chukovsky, Sasha Black, yinjiye murutonde runini kandi ruto rw'ibitabo.
Bibliografiya
- 1906 - "Motif zitandukanye"
- 1910 - "Satura"
- 1914 - "Inyuguti zizima"
- 1914 - "Nowa"
- 1915 - "Tuk-Tuk"
- 1918 - Intambara "
- 1921 - "Ikirwa cyabana"
- 1922 - "Subiza Robinson"
- 1923 - "Inyota"
- 1924 - "Gusinzira kwa Porofeseri Patrashkin"
- 1927 - "Fox Mickey Diary"
- 1928 - "Injangwe ya Sanatori"
- 1928 - "Inkuru zitari Sereny"
- 1929 - "Igiti cya Noheri y'Ifeza: Umugani w'abana"
- 1929 - "Impeshyi nziza"
- 1930 - "Igitabo kito"
- 1933 - "Square-Marison" (nyuma ya nyuma)
- 1933 - "Imigani ya Fari yumusirikare" (nyuma ya nyuma)
Amagambo
"Nkiri inyenzi, nasanze hamwe na spline ...
Kunyanyagiza Naphthalene. "
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"Ukunda stic? Ndi cyane. Abantu bazize ibintu bishimishije, kandi ibyumba byateguwe kumeza birambiranye hamwe nabambara. "
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"Tugomba kwandika amadurubuto twose, hanyuma twibagirwe."
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"Ibintu byose mu ipantaro, byunamye kimwe,
Hamwe na ubwanwa, mu ikote, ariko mubyitsa.
Ndasa nkumuhanda kuri buri wese
Kandi narazimiye rwose ku mfuruka. "
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"Kubaho hejuru yambaye ubusa,
Andika sonnets yoroshye ...
Kandi ukure mu bantu bo mu madorari
Umugati, vino no kwikibi. "
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"Umuyaga w'isoko hakurya y'umuryango ...
Ninde wakundana, arabigabanuka! "