Ubuzima
Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky - Ikirusiya Cyiza n'Umwanditsi, ku mirimo ya Sectoire yandika imikino y'Uburusiya irimo kubakwa. Ubuzima bwe bwuzuye ibintu bishimishije, kandi umurage w'ubuvanganzo ubarwa hamwe na mina icumi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alexander ostrovsky yavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1823 muri Zamoskvorechye, mu nzu y'umucuruzi kuri ordinke nto. Muri kariya gace, umukinyi wamaranye imyaka ye, inzu yavukiyemo, ahari kugeza na nubu. Se wa Ostrovsky yari umuhungu w'umupadiri. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi yo mu mwuka, umusore yahisemo kwihitiramo umwuga w'isi maze agera ku bayobozi b'ubucamanza.
Mama Linyov Ikirwa cyapfuye igihe Umwana yari afite imyaka 8. Imyaka 5 nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we, ikirwa-kirwangere Bitandukanye no gushyingirwa kwambere hamwe numukobwa wo mwisi y'abayobozi b'amadini, iki gihe Data yitaye ku mugore wo mu cyiciro cyiza.
Umwuga Nikolai Ostrovsky yagiye ku musozi, yakiriye ipeti ryiza, yiyeguriye kwitoza abikorera kandi yiyegurira amafaranga ku buryo bwihariye kandi akize amafaranga abigenga ava mu gutanga abacuruzi bakize. Umutungo we warimo imitungo myinshi, kandi ku kazi ka nyuma, yimukira mu ntara ya Kostroma, mu mudugudu wa Schelikovo, aho yabaye nyir'ubutaka.
Umuhungu yinjiye muri siporo ya mbere ya Moscou mu 1835 aba yarangije imyaka 1840. Mu busore bwe, umuhungu yakundaga ibitabo n'ibikorwa by'ibinyambo. Data wa Potkakaya, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Moscou mu ishami ry'amategeko. Mu myaka yo kwiga, Ostrovsky yakoresheje umwanya we wose mukinamico mato, aho abakinnyi Pavel Mochalov nabo barabagirana na Mikhail Shpukin. Ishyaka ryumusore ryamuteye kuva mu kigo muri 1843.
Se yishimiye ibyiringiro ko ari igitego, akagerageza kwomeka ku muhungu we ku mwanya wunguka. Alexander Nikolayevich yagombaga kujya ku kazi ari umwanditsi mu Nama Njyanama ya Moscou, maze mu 1845 mu biro by'urukiko rw'ubucuruzi rwa Moscou. Mu bihe byanyuma, yabaye umuyobozi wemeye abasaba kumunwa. Ubunararibonye bwa Prewyright bukunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bye, twibutse imanza nyinshi zishimishije zumvise mugihe cyimyitozo.
Ubuvanganzo
Ibitabo nicyo kirwa gishimishije mu busore bwe, gisoma mu mirimo ya Gogol na Belinsky. Ku rugero runaka, umusore yagizwe ibigirwamana bye mubikorwa byambere. Mu 1847, umwanditsi yabereye mu kinyamakuru "Urutonde rw'umujyi wa Moscou". Umwamamaji yasohoye ibintu bibiri kuri comedy "bidatinze umwenda." Nuburyo bwambere bwabasomyi bazwi bakina "ubwoko bwe buzatanyagura."
Mu 1849 umwanditsi yarangije akazi. Uburyo buranga umwanditsi bugaragara mubikorwa byayo bwa mbere. Asobanura ingingo mu gihugu hose binyuze mu gutema amakimbirane yo mu rugo. Inyuguti za Ostrovsky - Ba nyiri amabara meza kandi bamenyekanye.
Ururimi rwibicuruzwa biroroshye kandi byoroshye, kandi umukino urangwa nimico. Nyuma yo gutangaza ikinamico mu kinyamakuru "Moskvatik", intsinzi yaguye, nubwo Komite ya Cranseaded, nubwo Komite yagenzurwa yabujijwe umusaruro no kongera gutangaza akazi.
Ostrovsky yazanywe kurutonde rwa "Utizera", watumye umwanya we utari mwiza. Ibintu byateje ubukwe bwa maco na mesh, badaha umugisha se. Ostrovsky-selifire yanze kunanga inkunga, kandi urubyiruko rukeneye. Ndetse ikibazo kitoroshye nticyabujije umwanditsi kureka serivisi ndetse no kuva mu 1851 kugirango yitange rwose kubuvanganzo.
Ikipe "Ntiyicare mu ntoki zabo" kandi "ubukene ntabwo ari visi" yemerewe gukora ku miterere y'ibiti. Ibyaremwe byabo ostrovsky bakoze impinduramatwara. Abaturage bagiye kureba ubuzima bworoshye, kandi ibi nabyo byasabye uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora amashusho. Itangazo ry'ubutabi n'ububasha ryagombaga guhindura kamere yo kubaho mu bihe byateganijwe.
Kuva ku ya 1850, Ostrovsky yabaye umunyamuryango w '"Ikigo cy'Abwanditsi" cy'ikinyamakuru "Moskvatikan", ariko ibi ntibyakosowe n'ikibazo. Umwanditsi yari umubabaro wo kwishyura akazi kenshi umwanditsi yakoze. Kuva mu 1855 kugeza 1860, Ostrovsky yahumekewe n'ibitekerezo by'impinduramatwara byagize ingaruka ku mirimo ye. Yegereye turronev na Tolstoy, bahinduka umukozi w'ikinyamakuru giherutse.
Mu 1856, yitabiriye urugendo rw'ubuvanganzo n'uru moto kuva mu murimo w'amazi. Ostrovsky yasuye hejuru ya voka kandi yakoresheje kwibuka no gutekereza muguhanga.
1862 yaranzwe n'urugendo rwo mu Burayi. Umwanditsi yasuye Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Otirishiya na Hongiriya. Mu 1865, yari mu bashinze abashinze mug, aho abahanzi b'Abarusiya bari bafite impano: Sadovsky, Streptova, Shisarev n'abandi. Mu myaka ya 1870, Ostrovsky yateguye societe y'abanditsi b'ikinamico ry'abarusiya kandi yari umuyobozi w'imyaka 1874 kugeza ku minsi ya nyuma y'ubuzima.
Mubuzima bwose, umukinyi wikipe yashizeho amakinamico 54, yahinduwe mubikorwa byamahanga: Goldoni, sersantetes, Shakespeare. Ibikorwa bizwi cyane by'umwanditsi birimo "Umukobwa w'inzuki", "inkuba", "umukungugu wa Barzaminov", "Ubukwe bwa Barzaninica", "Ubukwe bwa Barzannica", "Ubukwe bwa Barzannica", "Ubukwe bwa Barzannica", "Ubukwe bwa Balzannica", "Ubukwe bwa Barzannica", "Ubukwe" nta cyaha bwo kubiryozwa "n'indi mikino. Ubuzima bwumwanditsi bwahujwe bwa hafi nibitabo, ikinamico nurukundo rwigihugu cye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ibikorwa bya ostrovsky byagaragaye ko bitagushimishije kuruta ubuzima bwe bwite. Yagizwe ishyingiranwa n'umugore we imyaka 20. Bahuye mu 1847. Agafya ivanovna, hamwe na mushiki we muto yatuje hafi y'urugo rw'umwanditsi. Umukobwa wigunze yatowe kuba umukinnyi. Ntamuntu numwe wari uzi uko bahuye.
Se wa Ostrovsky yarwanyaga iyi sano. Yesu amaze kugenda kuri gahunda yo gutegura, urubyiruko rwatangiye kubana. Umugore wa gisivili yari iruhande rwa Ostrovsky, uko ikinamico yabaye mu buzima bwe. Gukenera no kwamburwa ntibyigeze bishyura ibyiyumvo byabo.
Ubwenge n'ubufatanye bya Ostrovsky n'inshuti ze byahawe agaciro cyane muri Agafier Ivanovna. Yari azwiho kwakira abashyitsi no gusobanukirwa. Uwo mwashakanye yakunze kumwitabaza inama, akora ku gikinisho gishya.
Ishyingiranwa ryabo ntiyemewe na nyuma y'urupfu rwa se w'umwanditsi. Abana ba Alexander ostrovsky bari batemewe. Murumunawe yapfuye mu bwana. Umuhungu mukuru Alexey yagumye ari muzima.
Ostrovsky yahindutse umugabo wumukatsi. Yakundaga umukinnyi wa filime by urukundo Kositkaya-Nikulina, wakinnye uruhare rwa Katerina muri Premiere gukina "inkuba" mu 1859. Umuhanzi yahisemo umwanditsi wumucuruzi ukize.
Ubundi bukundwa bwabaye Maria Bakhmetyev. Agafya Ivanovna yari azi ibijyanye n'ubutunzi, ariko ntiyatakaje ubwibone kandi yihanganira ikinamico y'umuryango. Yapfuye mu 1867. Nihe kiruko cy'umugore, utazwi.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo mwashakanye, hashize imyaka ibiri ya Ostrovsky habaye wenyine. Maria yakundaga cyane vasilyevna bakhmetyeva yabaye uwo bashakanye ba mbere mu makinamico. Umugore amuha abakobwa babiri n'abahungu bane. Gushyingirwa hamwe na Umukinnyi wabayeshimye. Hamwe na ostrovsky ye yabayeho kugeza ubuzima bwe burangiye.
Urupfu
Ubuzima bw'icyo kirwa binaniwe bwerekanye umutwaro, umwanditsi yifata. Yayoboye ibikorwa bitangaje kandi bihanga, ariko igihe cyose cyahindutse umwenda. Ibice by'impapuro zazanye amafaranga menshi. Nanone, Ostrovsky yari afite pansiyo ibihumbi 3, ariko ayo mafranga yahoraga adahagije.
Ibihe byubukungu ntibishobora kugira ingaruka kumibereho myiza yumwanditsi. Yari afite impungenge n'ibibazo byagize ingaruka ku mirimo y'umutima. Gukora kandi nzima, Ostrovsky yari ikurikirana imigambi nibitekerezo bishya bisaba kwigira umuntu.
Ibitekerezo byinshi byo guhanga ntabwo byagaragaye kubera uburwayi bwubuzima bwumwanditsi. Ku ya 2 Kamena 1886, yapfiriye mu cyumba cya Kostroma. Impamvu y'urupfu ifatwa na angina. Umuhango wo gushyingura The Plandword wanyuze hafi y'umuryango, mu mudugudu wa Nikolo-Berezhka. Imva y'umwanditsi iherereye ku irimbi ry'itorero rya Nicholas isake.
Gushyingura umwanditsi byateguwe nimpano ko Umwami w'abami Alexander wa III yategetse gukora. Yahamagariye bene wabo amafaranga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi na 3 kandi pansiyo imwe yashyizeho umupfakazi wa Ostrovsky. Kurera abana b'umwanditsi, Leta yageneye amafaranga 2400 buri mwaka.
Imirimo ya Alexander Nikolayevich ostrovsky yasubirwamo inshuro nyinshi. Yabaye umuntu w'ikimenyetso cyo gukora ikirusiya mu makinamico n'ikinamico. Ikinamico cye kiracyashyira ahagaragara amashusho yikirusiya namahanga. Igikorwa c'igitabo cyiza cyagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ubwoko bw'ubuvanganzo, umuyobozi n'ubuhanga bwo gukora.
Ibitabo birimo gukina amakinamico ya ostrovsky, diverge kurupapuro runini nyuma yimyaka mike nyuma y'urupfu rwe, kandi imirimo irasenyutse ku magambo na aphorisms. Ifoto ya Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky yatangajwe kuri enterineti.
Bibliografiya
- 1846 - "Gushushanya Umuryango"
- 1847 - "Ubwoko bwe ni imyambarire"
- 1851 - "Umugeni ukennye"
- 1856 - "Ahantu heza"
- 1859 - "Inkuba"
- 1864 - "Joker"
- 1861 - "Ubukwe Barzaminova"
- 1865 - "Kuri Bigkey Ahantu"
- 1868 - "Umutima ushyushye"
- 1868 - "Ku ruhande rwose rworoshye"
- 1870 - "Ishyamba"
- 1873 - "Umukobwa wa shelegi"
- 1873 - "Urukundo rwatinze"
- 1875 - "Impyisi n'intama"
- 1877 - "uwahohotewe"