Ubuzima
Kubureganya, igitekerezo kibabaza kiva mu musomyi igitabo "Izuba ry'abapfuye", amahoro yo mu mutima, wuzuye, irangiye, mu mutima wa Nyagasani ". Ibi bitandukanye na kimwe igitabo cyakoze Ivan Shmeleva yemewe numwanditsi atari mu gihugu cye gusa, ahubwo no mumahanga.
Umwanditsi w'Uburusiya, warokotse urupfu rwa se, guhangana n'igenzura rya cyami, ubwicanyi bw'umuhungu we no gusezera mu gihugu cye kavukire, gitoranya kabiri kugira ngo ahabwe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, ariko nticyabaye umuhimbanyi. Umwanditsi yamaze imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima mu bukene mu kwimuka. Mu 2000, ibisigazwa bya Schmelev byashyikirije Uburusiya no kugorekanwa mu murwa mukuru.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nubwo sogokuru Ivan Schmelev yavuye mu murongo wa se yari umuhinzi uva mu ntara i Moscou, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yavukiye mu muryango ufite umutekano. Papa Sergei Ivanovich yakemuye umurage w'imyenda kandi ategura ababaji ababaji. Yari uwo kwiyuhagira benshi. Mu bashakanye, yahisemo umukobwa we kugera ku bacuruzi EVlampia Sabinov. 3 Ukwakira (ukurikije uburyo bwa kera - 21 Nzeri), 1873, umugore we yamuhaye umuhungu witwa Ivan mu rwego rwo kubahwa gukuru.
Umubano w'ababyeyi bakonje kandi ukomeye, nubwo wahoraga ari mwiza, nubwo ari we Evìmpia Gavrilovna, wize amashuri mu kigo cy'abakobwa b'abanyacyubahiro, yigishije umuhungu we gusoma kera. Igihe kinini, umuhungu yamaranye na se na ba shebuja. Muri bo harimo Mikhail Pankratovich Gorkin - umuntu ashishikaje orthodoxie, mu bageze mu za bukuru yavuye mu kazi kandi abisabe Sergey Ivanovich yarebaga muto wanney. Byemezwa ko kuyoborwa bye kandi bikaba byiza Schmelev ku idini.
Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 7, se yaguye ku ifarashi kandi ntashobora gukira. Mama yagumye wenyine hamwe nabana batandatu. Yabaga ku nyemezabwishyu mu bwogero; Byongeye kandi, bakodesheje igorofa rya gatatu ryinzu no munsi yo hasi. Hahirwa igihe cy'ubwa bwange cyarangiye, igihe mirongo 11 Vanya yimuriwe mu cyumba cyigenga kinyura iruhande rw'inzu, cyari gihagaze iruhande rw'inzu, kuri siporo ya mbere ya Moscou. Umunyeshuri we muri yo yibutse nk'igihe kitoroshye cy'urubyiruko. Azandika ku "bantu b'ubukonje,", azandika ku barimu nyuma.
Bitewe no gutangaza no kuvugurura abarimu mumyaka ibiri, Shmelev yasimbuye aho yiga. Yarangije amashuri y'isi ya cumi na gatandatu ya Moscou mu 1894, mu gihe umunyeshuri atafashe kimwe cya kabiri cy'amanota umudari wa zahabu. Shmelev aje muri kaminuza ya Moscou mu ishami ry'Ubutegetsi bw'Ubucamanza, maze umwaka umwe mu kinyamakuru "Isubiramo ry'Uburusiya" ryasohoye umurimo "ku ruganda" - gushushanya bitanga umusore wa mbere ubuvanganzo.
Ubuvanganzo
Yatewe inkunga nigitabo cya mbere, nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Shmelev yahisemo gutangaza icyegeranyo cyinkuru "ku bitare bya Valaam". Inyandiko Umwanditsi yateraniye mu rugendo mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana. Ariko censor yumwami ntiyemerera gucapa imirimo, guhatira umwanditsi gukuraho ibice bikomeye. Yatangajwe no kuzirikana ibitekerezo byibisiba bisiga abasomyi batitayeho, kandi umwanditsi watengushye afata agabanuka mubuhanga, yatinze imyaka 9.
Amaze kwiga kandi akorera umwaka mu gisirikare, Shmelev n'umuhungu we bimukira i Vladimir. Umwanditsi akora nk'umuyobozi w'inshingano zidasanzwe munsi ya Vladimir Kazan ya Minisiteri y'imbere mu mirimo y'imbere. Kuva mu 1905, Ivan Sergeevich yongeye gukora imirimo ku mirimo no kwandika Maxim Gorky asaba bimwe muribi. Umwanditsi atanga inkuru n'inkuru, hagati muri yo "muntu muto."
Gusubira mu murwa mukuru, Shmelev mu 1909 yinjiye mu bidukikije. Uruziga rw'ubuvanganzo rwarimo Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin n'abandi banditsi, ndetse na Fromari Shalyapin. Abanditsi ntibishyize mu materaniro gusa, ahubwo bafatanya n'abanditsi ba "abanditsi ba Moscou", bashinze hamwe na runin na Shmelev.
Mu 1911, inkuru "Muri Restaurant" yatangajwe. Nyuma yimyaka 16, guhuza akazi, gushushanya kugwa kwimyitwarire, byakozwe numuyobozi wa sovieti yakov protazanov. Mugihe cyimyaka 40, Shmelev azwi nkuwanditse inyandiko kandi ayoboye kubacuruzi nabahinzi. Gusobanura Sode, abonye ubuzima bwe buremereye, umwanditsi wemereye yujuje ibyabaye muri Gashyantare 1917. Ariko, kubahiriza urujijo no gukurikiranya vuba vuba ibyiringiro bitenguha no gutinya.
Kubona ibyangiritse k'ubuvumbuzi gusa, ahubwo ni no mu cyaro, gukura k'ubugome n'abakaraba, umutware w'ingabo ze, barwanye imbere y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, bagenda imbere y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, bagenda imbere y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, baragenda muri Crimée. Hano umuryango ufata inzu n'umugambi, Ivan Sergeevich yandika inkuru yeguriwe ibyabaye mu ntambara y'abenegihugu "nk'uko byari bimeze" kandi itangira inkuru "Amaraso ya Alien". Ariko bumblebee yasabye gusa kwirinda ibintu bibabaje. Ingabo zitukura zifata Crimée na, nubwo imbaraga ninzandiko za Data, Sergey shmelev yimyaka 25 yiciwe.
Umwanditsi ubuzima bwe bwacitsemo igihombo, bufite indi myaka ibiri ku isi, hanyuma ashingira i Burayi. Ubwa mbere ahagarara i Berlin, hanyuma yimukira i Paris. Mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, Shmelev azakomeza kuringaniza ubuzima.
Nyuma gato yo kwimuka, "izuba ry'abapfuye" - igitabo, gushushanya ubumuntu bw'ibihe by'impinduramatwara mu Burusiya. Umuganda w'Abadage Thomas Mannitsy yagize ati: "Soma ibi niba ufite ubutwari buhagije." Iki cyemezo cya Bolshevism ", kivuga ko kivuga" kwiheba no gupfa ku isi imyaka ya mbere ya Somaties za mbere. "
Gutinya iherezo ry'Umunyarwanda, tubona gusenya ibinyejana byinshi byumuco ushimishije no gusimbuza indangagaciro, Shmelev arema inkuru-gatabo. Mu gice cya kabiri cyimpamvu za 20 zikomeye, nostalgia isimburwa nuburyo bwa kera. "Ifunguro rya sasita ku buryo butandukanye", "" Izi nkuru zuzuyemo ibisobanuro byaka bya orotodogisi, ubuzima, imigenzo.
Hejuru yiki cyiciro ihinduka inkuru "Bogomol" hamwe nUmwami wo mu cyi ". Birashimishije kubona imirimo yaremwe muburyo bubangikanya. Ibitabo byombi byamamaye cyane mubashinzwe ibirusiya.
Numurava n'ubushyuhe, umwanditsi azura umwuka wo mu bwana, kandi hamwe - yatakaje Uburusiya bwakozwe mbere. Bwa mbere, "icyi cya Nyagasani" cyasohotse mu 1933 i Belgrade, "bogomol" - mu 1935. Mu gihugu cya Shmelev, ibitabo biri mwisi mugihe cya 80.
Igihe cya nyuma cyo guhanga umwanditsi w'Uburusiya cyaranzwe no kwifuza cyane mu gihugu cye. Shmelev yiyongera ku bisobanuro byamashaza yo mu 1896 kandi bigatera inyandiko "Kera Valaam". Mu 1936, akoresheje ubwoko bwavuzwe, igitabo "Nanny kuva Moscou" yaranditse, intwari nyamukuru aho umusaza ashyigikiye kujya kwimuka.
Shmelev yangaga ubutegetsi bwa Bolshevik ko yafashe igitero cya Geeciste muri GSSR nk'intako y'Imana. Mu ibaruwa yandikiwe filozofiya Ivan Ivan Ivan, Igitero cy'Ubudage cyitwa "feat ya knight, kandi yerekana ibyiringiro ko guhirika imbaraga z'abakomunisiti bazafungura inzira yo kubyutsa mu mwuka no mu myifatire yo mu mwuka no mu myifatire igihugu.
Mu 1948, Ivan Sergeevich yatangiye akazi ku gishushanyo "inzira y'ijuru." Akazi ntiwagumye kubera urupfu rw'umwanditsi, ariko nk'uko ibi bice byateje biragaragara ko yashakaga kwerekana ko akoresheje uburobyi bw'Imana mu isi.
Mu gihe cy'Abasoviyeti, imirimo ya Shmelev yafatwaga nk'intibe. Tangaza ibitabo byumwanditsi wimukira watangiye gusa. Mu 1993, hafunguwe inzu ndangamurage yo mu nzu, bidatinze umwanditsi yinjije mu gihugu cye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ivan Shmelev yashakanye n'imyaka 20, nyuma gato yo kwakira kaminuza. Umugore we yabaye Olga OhTeron. Izina ryibanze ryasobanuwe ninkomoko yumuryango mwiza wa Evatetish. Abakurambere be bimukiye mu Burusiya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18. Padiri Alexander Alexandrovich yabaye intwari yo kwirwanaho Sevastopole.
Gushyingirwa hamwe na Olga Alexandrovna barishimye, hamwe abashakanye babayeho imyaka 40. Byari umugore nyuma gato yo kuvuka kwa roho Serezha mu 1896, yemeje umwanditsi wa Nouvice gusura Valaam. Yapfuye mu 1936. Ivan Sergeevich yarokotse imyaka 14.
Urupfu
Hamwe nabandi banditsi b'abimukira mu Burusiya, Ivan Bunin na Dmitry Merkovsky Shmelev, kabiri, bashyizwe mu mubare w'abasabye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Nyamara, yananiwe kuba uwatsinze. Umwanditsi mukuru yarabaye, ingorane nyinshi yagize.
Ivan Shmelev yapfuye mu 1950, 24 Kamena. Impamvu y'urupfu yari igitero cy'umutima. Yashyinguwe ku irimbi ry'Umujyi wa Saint-gesuavieve de Boua, ariko ubu asigaye kuruhuka muri Necropolis yo muri Don MOWSITSITY, iherereye mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya. Inkanda zabaye mu 2000. Kandi ibisigisi bya Olga na Sergey Shmeleva bimukiye hano.
Bibliografiya
- 1897 - "Ku bitare bya Valaam"
- 1907 - "Umuturage Uklayikin"
- 1911 - "Umugabo wo muri Restaurant"
- 1913 - "Impyisi Ilck"
- 1916 - "Iminsi y'Utudigo"
- 1918 - "Igikombe" kibabaje "
- 1927 - "kubyerekeye umukecuru umwe"
- 1927 - "Amateka y'urukundo"
- 1923 - "Izuba ry'abapfuye"
- 1933 - "Nyiricyubahiro"
- 1935 - "Bogomol"
- 1935 - "Kera Valaam"
- 1936 - "Nanny wo muri Moscou"
Amagambo
"Umunsi w'umunsi urateye ubwoba - none ingano z'ingano zihenze kuruta umuntu." "Umuhanda wa ubusa ntabwo ari ubusa: byanditswe n'ibice by'ubuzima bw'abantu." "- Ntabwo nzicwa Ibi kandi ntibitandukane: Inzira ntizihinduka, ariko zihishe mu buryo bw'ubwenge kandi ushyira mu gaciro. "Ibintu bishimishije
- Bwa mbere hamwe na kanseri, Ivan Shmelev yari akiri muri siporo ya gatandatu. Uyu munyeshuri yashyizwe mu nyandiko y'akazi ku rusengero rw'amagambo ashidikanya ku magambo y'imbuto ya Nadon, akaba yararakiriye "umutwe," yabuze umwaka wa kabiri. Ukurikije ibyo ye bwite, kuva icyo gihe ifite filozofiya itangaje.
- Nkumwana, yarwaye amatiku ubwoba kubera ubwoba buhoraho bwa nyina. Aho kwemeza, Ev Empia Gavrilovna yafashwe ku rutoki. Niba bivugwa ko Umwana ahinduranye umusaya, yatanze umurongo.
- Urukundo rwa mbere rwasohotse mu myaka umunani, ariko bidatinze, ibyiyumvo byahinduwe nibintu bishya. Ibitekerezo by'urubyiruko kugira ngo hashingiwe ku rushingiye ku "mateka y'urukundo" rwo mu 1927, ukurikije ibyo mugwiro ya Yaronder, yaroundlavl, AroseLavl Mitrov yakoze film ya animasiyo.