Ubuzima
Inkuru zizwi Umutegetsi Wabiri, Izina Nebukadinezari. Ariko niba iyambere yabayeho mu kinyejana cya Xii BC kandi ntiyasize akarenga mu muco w'isi, hanyuma Nebukadinezari wa II, wategetse mu mpeshyi ya VI-VI mbere y'ubu, "Hernate" ku buryo yaguye ku rupapuro rwa Bibiliya. Izina ry'umutegetsi ryashyize umurongo umwe na Julia Sezari, Alexandre Makedoniya na Mithridate. Abayo mugihe bagaragaje ibintu bya Napoleon mumwami wa kera wa Babiloni.
Umutegetsi yari azwiho kubaka ibitangaza bibiri byisi - Umunara wa Babiloni nubusitani bumanitse bwa Semiramide. Kandi nyamara - indwara y'amayobera yababajwe na Nebukadinezari imyaka 7 ihinduka umugani wo muri Bibiliya, utababaza kugira umugabo wese.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Itariki nyayo y'amavuko yumuhungu wumusingabo wa Novovalon (cyangwa ubwami bwa Naboalacar ntabwo. Hamagara itariki yagereranijwe yo kugaragara kwa Nabu-Kudurry-Udur (neza izina rya Nebukadinezari amajwi): kugeza 630 bc. Nyuma yimyaka 20, Thuarevich yamaze kwigarurira umwanya wingenzi wa gisirikare kandi yitabira ubukangurambaga bwa se.
Urubyaro kandi uhagarariye imitwe yitandukanije n'ababyeyi: Niba Naboalasar atavuye mu baturage, ati: Noneho umuhungu ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma umuhungu yerekeje ku nkomoko yoroshye, hanyuma umuhungu ashimangira inkomoko yoroshye. .
Nta kintu na kimwe kizwi ku bwana cya Crown Comce, ariko mu busore bwe, yakusanyije ashishikajwe n'ubuhanzi bw'intambara, kandi mu 607-606 mbere ya Yesu. Abashakanye babanye n'umubyeyi bategetse ingabo.
AMATEKA
Muri iki gihe, Nebukadinezari wa II yitwa umuyobozi mwiza cyangwa abayobozi bakomeye. Gutangira ubuzima bwashize kubu bukangurambaga bwa gisirikare, yahise ahindura byinshi mu mibereho no mu mategeko ya Babiloniya. Umusore Nebukadinezari yamenyekanye cyane kubera gufata muburasirazuba bwo hagati. Inshuro eshatu bavugiye muri Yudaya bafata Yeruzalemu.
Mugihe cyanyuma cyo kwigarurira umujyi wa Nebukadinezari, kugeza igihe urufatiro rwa Salomo. "Gufata Babiloni", harimo ibibabaje kuvuga amateka y'Abayahudi, bisobanura kwiyambaza ubucakara bw'abaturage ba Yudaya.
Komanda Nahiphodosor, bitandukanye na se, yashoboye gushyira mu bikorwa Abanyamisiri b'Abanyamisiri kumenagura Abanyamisiri mu gihe cyababaje Babuloni yababaje ibitero. Mu 605 BC Tsarevich, mu izina rya Data, yagiye kurwana na Nehho, Farawo Misiri. Mu bayobozi, noneho Palesitine ndutegerejwe, Siriya na leta ya Fenisiya.
Nebukadinezari ari kumwe n'ingabo ahatira Efurate, mu buryo butunguranye akubita inkambi y'Abanyamisiri, iherereye munsi y'urukuta rw'umukuru we w'ibyumba - igihome cya Karhemssh. Komanda wa Babiloni yamennye ingabo za Farawo, asenya bibiri bya gatatu by'ibihimbano.
Mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza kwa gisirikare, hagati muri Kanama 605 mbere ya Kanama, Nebukadinezari yamenye urupfu rw'ababyeyi. Yagarutse i Babiloni kandi nyuma yibyumweru 3 ararira. Inkuba yinjira mu burenganzira kandi ako kanya isubira mu nzego z'ingabo zerekanaga ko Leta yari mu maboko akomeye.
Ingabo za Nebukadinezari, ingabo za Nebukadinezari, abacarcena b'Abagereki barwana kandi batsinze Siriya, Palesitine, Yudaya ndetse n'ubwami buto. Ariko mu 600, amahirwe yavuye ku mwami, na nyuma yo gutsindwa kurababaza, asubira i Babuloni kuzuza igihombo cy'abantu n'ibintu.
Nyuma yimyaka 3, umwami wa Babiloni yashoboye gusubira muburenganzira bwa Muyahudi, yemejwe hagati ya Werurwe 597 mbere ya Yesu. Umushimuriza umwami wa Joachim, wakinguye irembo imbere y'ingabo za Nebukadinezari. Ioacim ubwe ntabwo yatoboye uwatsinze, ahemukira kwicwa.
Mu gihe c'uruhuko hagati ya moteri ya gisirikare no guhagarika revatiya muri Babiloni, Nebukadinezari yapfutse Leta. Ibyo byagezeho byafashwe kubimenyetso byibumba byabonetse nabacukuzi. Inyandiko zivuga ko umwami w'abami yubatse yangiritse ku gitero cy'Abanyamisiri no mu bandi rwego Babiloni, abihindura ikigo cy'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Yashakanye n'abakobwa ba Midy Tsar (bazwi cyane nka Semicircuit), uwo mwashakanye avuga), uwo bashakanye atandukana ku misozi n'icyatsi kibisi, "kumanika ubusitani." Yakiriye amakuru asobanura nka Pier Piramide 4 uhereye ku platifs ishyigikiwe ninkingi. Ihuriro ryari ryuzuyeho urubingo kuvangwa na asfalt, hanyuma amatafari yazanye igisubizo cy gypsum. Hejuru yashyize amalaya kuva kuyoboka, kandi kuri bo hashyirwaho igihugu kirumbuka.
Ku byiciro hari ibimera, indabyo, ibihuru n'ibiti. Imbuto n'inzira zubusitani buhebuje bwazanywe mu bwami bwose. Amazi yabaye mugutanga amazi muri Efurate binyuze mu gushyigikira inkingi. Rige "Indabyo" hamwe no kuhira umwaka wose utekanye wakiriye izina ry'ubusitani bumanikwa bwa Semiramide.
Uwo mwashakanye ashimira yibarutse umwami w'abana benshi, ariko inkuru yari izina ryumurage mukuru - mwene amel Marduk.
Uwa nyuma, wishimiye ubwiza n'imihemu y'ubusitani bumanitse, yari Makender Makedoniya, wafashe Babuloni mu 331 mbere ya Yesu. Munsi yigitutu cyibi biti, arapfa. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'ubusitani, Semiradide yaguye mu kubora. Umwuzure watowe urufatiro, kandi ibibuga byasenyutse.
Nibura "ubusitani bumanitse" buzwiho kandi kuri metero 90 zigkurat ya Etemenana, yabaye prototype yumunara wa Babiloni. Nebukadinezari yazamuye abantu, batuye abantu ibihumbi 200, ingoro nyinshi nziza. Mu nkengero za Babiloni, ahanini ni ahera yitwa Esagil, uruganda rumwe rufite ubudozi 7-ububiko bwa Etemenana, bwubatswe muburyo bwa piramide yakandagiye. Mu mateka ya Bibiliya ya piramide yakiriye izina "Umunara wa Babiloni". Abayo mugihe bamwamenye ikindi gitangaza cyisi yagaragaye ashimira Nebukadinezari.
Umwihariko mu bwiza bw'ubwubatsi bw'Umwami wa Babiloni hakurikijwe irembo rya Ishtari - Irembo rya Ashtar - arch arch, yafunguye umuyoboro ku nzira y'inzira z'Ubwami. Imiterere ya glaze yijuru, umuhondo wumuhondo, umweru wumukara, ibiragi, amatungo-yinyamanswa. Igitangaza nubwubatsi cyarokotse kugeza na nubu.
Amateka ya Bibiliya
Mu Isezerano rya Kera, Tsar Babiloni na Ashuri birerekanwa nk'ubutaka n'umunyagitugu w'Abayahudi. Niba wemera ko wanditse, mu myaka ya nyuma y'ingoma ya Nebukadinezari, ninde wiyegeje ku Mana, yaguye indwara irwaye kandi idasanzwe, yamubabaje imyaka 7.
Mu gitabo cy'Umuhanuzi Daniyeli, havugwa ko Umwami, ingoro, insengero na kariyamoro cya Babuloni, yahinduwe mu maso ku butegetsi bwe, genda imbaraga zayo hejuru y'imana. Kubwibyo, Rurema yohereje igihano cy'uruhu rw'umugezi: yatwaraga abaturage ba Nebukadinezari, nk'inyamaswa, yariye ibyatsi. Umutwe wari wuzuyeho lione mane, kandi inzara zazamutse mumaboko n'amaguru, nkinyoni.
Abahanga muri iki gihe bazwi mu bimenyetso byasobanuwe n'ibimenyetso, bita licycopy. Nibintu bya psychopathic umuntu usa nkuwahindutse inyamaswa. Icyiciro kiremereye cyindwara bisobanura kwigana umurwayi winyamaswa. Umuntu yimuka kuri bine cyangwa, nk'inyoni, "izunguza" amababa y'amaboko, agerageza kwikuramo.
Abahanga n'abanyamateka bavuga niba Nebukadinezari yashoboraga kuba mu bihe nk'ibi, guhindura imyaka 7 kandi ntibicike intege n'ibitekerezo, abapadiri n'abantu. Abashyigikiye amateka ya Bibiliya yerekeye "umwami-blunt" yerekana ko ubwenge bwa Nebukadinezari bwazamutse rwose, bugera kuri bwo, bwerekanye, yerekanye mu buryo butaziguye mu makuru yanditse.
Abizera bahamagaye indwara y'umwami "amafi ava ku Mana", kandi gukira bifitanye isano no kumenya Nebukadinezari mu buryo bwidafite Umuremyi. Kubona Umwami wo muri Babuloni irwaye yatekereje ku gushushanya umusizi w'icyongereza n'umuhanzi William Blake, yabitswe mu bubiko bwa Tate.
Kwibuka
- Abahanzi n'abanditsi, bagaragaza umwami w'ibyamamare mu mirimo yabo, basabye inshuro nyinshi ishusho n'irangamuntu ya Nebukadinezari. Pelotsky yanditse muri iyo nyiraba agira ati: "Ibyerekeye Navudkhodosor Tsar, ku mubiri no kuri Ochroacs ye, muri Peeshi.
- Umusizi, umuhanzi hamwe na enggraver william blake yashyizeho ibinyabuzima bya monotype (byacapwe), biyita kuri Nebukadonosor.
- Nabucco (Irindi zina "Nebukadinezari") - Opera Giuseppe Verdi Temistokle Selea, yabereye kuri La Slala Theatre ya La Slala muri 1842.
- Muri icyo gitabo, Yudifi Navudhodnemornes ihagarariwe n'umwami wa Ashuri, gutura iherereye muri Ninevia. Nk'uko Tovita "Nebukadinezari na Asuir", hari abafashe Nineve.
- Imigenzo ya kisilamu izi Nevuchadnezari yita ku izina rya Nassar, kumwita igicapo cya Leta ya Sassanide, yarwanye n'Abarabu n'Abanyamisiri, bica Abayahudi ibihumbi 18 no guta Torah ku iriba.