Ubuzima
Umugani Alexei Kaplera yashimye igihugu cyose, yasoye firime yerekeye Vladimir Lenin, Isaka Babel yamukundaga. Umwe mu mutonda ukunda yari Svetlana allilueva, umuyobozi yenda ku mwuga. Yavutse afite izina rya Lazar, ariko aguma mu mateka ya sinema ya Soviet na televiziyo nka Alexey Capler.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Lazar Yakovlevich Kaphera yatangiye mu bwami bw'Uburusiya, mu mujyi wa Kiev, ku ya 28 Nzeri (11 Ukwakira), 1904 ari ku mugaragaro, kandi nk'uko Archives - 1903. Umuhungu yakuriye mu muryango w'Abayahudi: se yari rwiyemezamirimo, kandi Mama yishora mu rugo.
Ababyeyi bizeye ko umuhungu azakurikira inzira ya Data kandi azakomeza urubanza rwumuryango. Ariko ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bufite impungenge umuhungu muto: Biracyari muri siporo nshishikajwe nubuhanzi bwa Teatrical, maze ahitamo kuba umukinnyi. Muri iki gihe, umusore, afite imyaka igera kuri 15, ahindura izina ahinduka Alexey Kapler. Ku nshuro ya mbere, yagiye mu cyiciro cyo gutera ikinamico ye bwite yitwa "Harlequin".
Kurema
Mu ntangiriro y'inzira yo guhanga, Alexey yikubise muri hypostatas zitandukanye. Nyuma yo guhabwa impaka ziva muri siporo, umuyobozi uzaza hamwe na ecran yagenzuwe kugirango ukine ikinamico ya Kiev. Yagizwe kandi muri sosiyete yo guhanga "Chipistan", kandi mu rubyiruko rwari ruzwi muri bagenzi nk "Lucy Kapler".
Umunsi umwe, Alexey hamwe n'inshuti yamenye ko KIEV ibaye abakwiriye, igihe cyari igihe kirekire. Umutuku rero wagiye kuri petrograpp, aho "uruganda ruvuga Eccentric" rugaragara.
Ingero zisanzwe zidashira buhoro buhoro zagiye mu bwato bwa kijyambere, kandi umuntu mushya ibikorwa gakondo ntiyagishimishije. Kubwibyo, itsinda rya Kiev ryabasore bifuza cyane zaje munzira. Igikorwa cya Gogol "gushyingirwa", byagaragaye neza, byahindutse karnivali hamwe nimibare ya pop namayeri.
Ku nkuru ya Alexey, uruhare runini muri cinema, ariko ku muvuduko wumusore gutenguha mubukorikori. Yashakaga kuvuga ijambo rye, ntabwo ashyira ibitekerezo byandi. Afite imyaka 23, Alexey yimukiye i Odessa, nyuma aba umufasha A. P. Dovzhenko muri Filime "Arsenal". Ntiyashakaga kuguma mu bufasha, ariko rero umusore yarahujwe no gutenguha bwa mbere: igenamiterere rye ryabujijwe.
Ntiyigeze ahagarara kandi atsinda amarushanwa y'ibintu byiza kuri film munsi y'umutwe wakazi "Lenin mu Kwakira". Nakunze ishusho stalin, ntabwo bitangaje, kuko birahari - comrade yegereye hamwe na mugenzi wa Vladimir ilich, uwo aganira kuri buri ntambwe.
Kuva mu 1939, Kapler yigishije muri VGIK, kandi mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, yakoraga nk'umunyamakuru wa gisirikare. Nyuma yo gutaha ava mu mahuza, Alexei - Mikhail Romm, wakiriye amafaranga ya firime ihuriweho, amushyikiriza amafaranga menshi muri kiriya gihe. Ibi byemereye Umuyobozi atangira ubuzima butekanye.
Igihe kimwe, umutuku wayobowe n'amahugurwa muri VGIK, kandi mu nama ya mbere y'ubumwe bwa Sinematografiya, yatowe n'Umunyamabanga w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi. Ku myaka ya 63, igitonyanga cyatumiwe kuri telepowike cya TV kuri "Kinoparam", umuntu yayoboye imyaka igera kuri 6, mu gihe iyo gahunda yaka umuriro. Kubaho kandi Witty Alexey yari itandukanye cyane nabandi bayobozi, yanze gusoma kurupapuro no gukora isura ikomeye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwihariye bwumuhanzi butandukanijwe nuzungura bidasobanutse. Umugabo wa mbere wubukwe bwemewe na Tatyana tarnowskaya, umukinnyi wa cinema ya sovieti. Ishyingiranwa ryabo ryagombaga kubatizwa, rimaze imyaka irenga 8. Usibye mwene Anato kuva muri ubwo bumwe, inzitizi nta mwana yari afite.
Nyuma yo gutandukana, Alexey yabaga mubukwe nyabwo numwanditsi na muganga Tatisaba ZlatoGorova. Nyuma yo gutandukana na we, nyuma yahawe umukinnyi wa filina Sergeyavavava.
Ihinduka ryubuzima bwumuhanzi ryari rimenyereye Svetlana Allyluve - Umukobwa Joseph Stalin. Mu gihe cy'inama mu birori mu gihe cyo kwizihiza isabukuru y'impinduramatwara ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, igitonyanga cyari gifite imyaka igera kuri 40, kandi umukobwa yari afite imyaka 16.
Umugabo yatumiye Svetlana kurubyiniro, akora ishimwe ryimukanwa. Hanyuma numvaga ko umutima we ushonga. Kuva uwo munsi, umuyobozi uzwi, umwanditsi akaba n'umwanditsi w'igishushanyo ntigishobora gutekereza ku bandi mukobwa, usibye umukobwa woroheje. Kwita ku mukobwa wa Stalin ntibyari byoroshye: Allyluweva yagiye mu muhanda aherekejwe n'abashinzwe umutekano gusa, ariko uwo mugabo ntiyavuze.
Umutuku wirukanye umukobwa kubintu byumuco, byerekanaga ibihangano bya sinema yisi. Amateraniro yari yaranyuzwe, ariko Stalin aracyatangaza. Umuyobozi yagiye mu rutare ruzengurutse maze yandikira ahari, mu nyandiko zerekana ibimenyetso bigororotse bishimiye Umuroma hamwe na Svetlana.
Mukundwa, nagombaga gutandukana: Basezera neza, bakandaga neza kandi bapfa, kandi kuva mucyumba gikurikira ntirwagabanya ijisho riherekeza. Kuri Eva, Alexey yahamagaye kandi ashikamye asaba kujya imbere yo gukusanya amakuru mugutegura firime. Ariko umugabo ahumye amaso urukundo yashubijwe no kwanga gukabije. Bukeye, igitonyanga cyatawe muri yombi kubera ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya Abasoviyeti, cyakatiwe imyaka 5 maze yoherezwa muri Vorkuta. Umugabo yabonye umufotozi w'akazi, kubera ko yemerewe kuva mu ifasi, uruzitiro rw'insinga.
Hano yahuye numukinnyi wa filena Valenti tokarskaya, wari uzi kuririmba kandi abyina. Nubwo wasoze, umugore yumvise amerewe neza, kandi urukundo akunda ubuzima ninkumi yatsinze urugero. Dukurikije ibihuha, icyarimwe umuyobozi yari yiheba cyane, naho Tokarkaya yakuye mu buryo busanzwe.
Igihe kirangiye, Alexey yasubiye i Moscou, nubwo abujijwe isura mu murwa mukuru n'amatariki hamwe na Allyluve. Ariko umutuku ntushake inama na we: kwibuka umurongo byari bifite ibuye riremereye ku bugingo bwe, twitonda ku mukobwa w '"umuyobozi w'abantu". Umugabo yashakaga kujya i Kiev ahura n'ababyeyi be, ariko, akinjira muri gari ya moshi, arafatwa kandi yongeye guhabwa igihe.
Muri icyo gihe Alexey yoherezwa mu mudugudu wa ITTA, ahari nta kibazo. Umuyobozi kuri par hamwe nabasigaye bakoraga muri ikirombe. Umugabo yari amaze imyaka itarenze 10: Iyo manda ya kabiri irangiye, Alexey yagize amahirwe. Umuyobozi yagiye kwa ba sogokuruza, kandi impita ya Tokarskaya igwa munsi y'imbabazi.
Abashakanye bajya i Moscou, abashakanye biyandikishije, kandi ubuzima bwatangiye gutera imbere buhoro buhoro. Ariko hano svetlana allyluweva yagaragaye kuri horizon, icyo gihe yari yarashakanye kabiri. Umugore yemeye ko yamutekerezaga kuri we, ariko umutuku yashubije yanze.
Abanyacyubahiro ntibafashe urugero hafi ya Valentina. Mu 1954, umugabo yahuye na Poetess ya Poetess Yulia, igihe yinjiraga mu masomo y'abatakaro, aho Kapler yigishije. Umugore w'imyaka 6 yarwanyije n'ibyiyumvo byinshi, agerageza kurinda ubumwe na Nikolai Stashinov: Umukobwa wa Elena yariyongereye.
Igihe umukobwa atashoboraga kunanira urukundo, yahukanye n'umugabo we, Alexey atandukanye n'umugore we. Umugabo icyo gihe cyubukwe bwari afite imyaka 50, kandi mukundwa kwe - 30 gusa. Urukundo rw'urukundo rwavuganye n'umurwa mukuru wose: bari nkaho baremwe. Urukundo ntirwigeze rutandukanya umunota umwe, kandi inkuru y'urukundo rwasaga n'umugani.
Urupfu
Alexey yamaze igihe kinini mu bitaro, hafi ye yari umugore ukundwa Julia Vladimirovna, yabayeho mu ivuriro. Kapler yagumetse ubutwari kandi kugeza igihe umwuka wanyuma uhangayikishijwe numugore we, uhangayikishijwe, azagumaho ate atamufite mugihe cyoroshye.
Umuhanzi yapfuye ku ya 11 Nzeri 1979 nyuma y'uburwayi bukabije n'uburwayi burebure: Kuva kuri kanseri. Dukurikije Isezerano, urugero rwashyinguwe ku irimbi rishaje.
Julia ntabwo yemeye urupfu rw'umugabo we, Byongeye, habaye ikintu cyerekana ibitekerezo cye no kwiringira muri rusange. Byose kubyo umugore yabayeho, yabuze ibisobanuro. Drunina yiyahuye, amaze kugarura monoxyde ya Carbone mumodoka ye. Mu 1991, yashyinguwe iruhande rwa Alexey n'umugore we.
Filmography
Scenarios:
- 1931 - Mine 12-28
- 1937 - "Lenin mu Kwakira"
- 1942 - "Imbere y'imbere"
- 1942 - "Umumarayika w'icyuma"
- 1942 - "Umunsi w'intambara"
- 1943 - "Arinda Umunyamerika"
- 1961 - "ubuzima bubiri"
- 1976 - "Inyoni y'Ubururu"
- 1984 - "Intwari y'Igitabo cye"
- 1996 - "Garuka" Bremen Byose
Producer:
- 1930 - "Uburenganzira ku mugore"
AKAZI KAKORA:
- 1926 - "Uruziga rwa Cherto"
- 1926 - "Shinel"
Ibitabo:
- "Babiri muri miliyoni makumyabiri"
- "Garuka mu Ntambara"
- "Lopushk"