Ubuzima
Perezida wa Makhail y'Abapeshayini w'Inama Nkuru y'Ikirenga "umuyobozi wa UNS, Mikhail y'Abanyamerika, Mikhail", Mikhail ", Mikhail", Mikhail ", Mikhail" yari umuntu wacyo, ariko udasobanutse. Kubikorwa bifatika, yatawe muri yombi inshuro 14, yerekanaga ko ashimishijwe na ballernina, ikinamico ya Bolshoi, ariko abasha kuva mu myaka myinshi yibuka mu mazina y'imijyi, imihanda, kaminuza.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin yavutse muri 7 (19) mu 1875 mu mudugudu w'Ubutatu bwo hejuru mu Ntara ya Tver (ubu - akarere ka Kashinsky wo mu karere ka Tver). Mu muryango wa Ivan Kalinovich na Maria Vasilyevna, umuhungu aba imfura, kandi bidatinze yagombaga kumenyera imirimo myinshi y'abahinzi.
Kugeza ku myaka 11, Mikhail yakiriye amashuri yo mu rugo, hanyuma mu ishuri rya mbere rya ZEMKY. Porogaramu yateguwe imyaka ine, yamenyereye mo kabiri, amaze kubona urupapuro rushimirwa iyo yarekuwe kubera ubumenyi n'imyitwarire idahwitse.
Umunsi umwe, umuhungu, uzenguruka akarere gaturanyije, yahuye n'abana badasanzwe - yambaye imyenda isukuye, yoza kandi yirukanwa. Se wabo yari rusange, umunyacyubahiro Dmitry Petrovich Mordukhai-Boltsky. Nyina wa Mikhail, amaze kumenya abaturanyi beza, yaje ku mutwe wa Tetkovo, aho umuryango wabaga, kandi umurimo usekewe, kandi umurimo usekeje umuhungu we umwere. Imvura rero yimfuruka rero yinjiye muri bo kugirango ikorere lacey.
Mu 1889, ba nyir'ubutaka bajyanaga Kalinin muri St. Petersburg, bityo bamuha itike ku isi. Hano, mu nzu ya Modukhai bolotovski, isomero rikize ryari riri. Abaremeye kwemerera umuhungu gufata ibitabo, kandi, bakunda kubona ubumenyi, basoma urupapuro nyuma y'umwe, hakiri kare bakiga ibitabo bya kera, ibiganiro bya Platon na filozofiya Socrate.
Mu 1893, Mikhail Kalinin yinjiye mu munyeshuri wa Tokary ku gihingwa cya kera cya Arsenal ya kera, nyuma yimyaka ibiri yagiye mu gihingwa cya Flialie yinjira mu miryango yo munsi y'ubutaka. Muri Nyakanga 1899, yatawe muri yombi akekwaho gukwirakwiza udupapuro "ibihano bikabije". Nubwo nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko iki cyemezo, Kalinina na bagenzi be bajyanywe mu bunyage kuri Tiflis.
Mu rubyiruko rw'impinduramatwara, imico ivuye ku mutima yagoretse, kugira ngo hatafunire kureka guhagarika umutima. Umuryango uharanira Demokarasi, yinjiye mu ishyirahamwe riharanira demokarasi rya Tiflis kandi yahuye na Jeworujiya ku izina rya Koba, ejo hazaza Joseph Stalin. Nyuma, mu 1901, mugihe cya Kalinin rwikubitaga nkuwateguye, nakarishye mu gihome cya Metekh, hanyuma yohereza kwishima (ubu - Tallinn).
Muri rusange, Mikhail Ivanovich's Mikhail Ivanovich yamaze imyaka 14 muri yombi, nta na kimwe muri byo, kitaganisha ku mwanzuro nyacyo.
Umwuga na Revolution
Impinduramatwara ya mbere yikirusiya yo mu 1905 yabaye ibirori bikomeye mubuzima bwa Mikhail Kalinin. Umusore yahuye na Vladimir Lenin kandi atekereza kuri ibyo bitekerezo byiza. Kalinin yagaragaje urugero rw'imibereho myiza ya Bolsheviks: Umuntu wo mu ishuri ryakazi, azi ku buryo bwo gushishoza no kumvisha imbaga, azi neza inyigisho ya Karl Marx.
Mu mpinduramatwara ya Gashyantare yo mu 1917, Kalinin yerekanye ko yamubwiraga kuyobora abantu: ayoboye inkingi y'ababigaragambyaga muri gereza ya "umusaraba". Kubera igitero, imfungwa zose - Abicanyi, abazifata kungufu, abajura basohotse mu bwisanzure. Ibyumweru byinshi, Petrograsenge yabaye ihuriro ryibyaha.
Mikhail Ivanovich yagize uruhare mu gutegura impinduramatwara ya Ukwakira, inama nyinshi zo kwishyiriraho Vladimir lenin yakoresheje mu nzu ya Kalinin. Mu 1918, impinduramatwara yatangiye gutangaza ingingo zerekeye gutunga. Yahamagariye Bolshevibks ntabwo yinjira mu guhangana n'iri somo, ndetse n'ibinyuranye, kugira ngo atange amahirwe yo gukora. Lenin yanenze Kalinin kubitekerezo nkibi:
Ati: "Nakwigometse cyane Comrade Kalinin, kubera ko guhagarika hamwe na bourgeoisie nto, hamwe na Chauviniste - bidashoboka. Uku ni ubuhemu bwabasosiyalisiti. "Gusa nyuma yo kwigomeka kwa KronsAdt yo mu 1921, ingingo za Mikhail Ivanovich. Igisubizo ni ukutangizwa na NEP.
Mu 1919, Kalinina yashyizeho umwanya wa Perezida wa DVI. Intare Trotsky mu bisobanuro "Ishusho y'Ubugizi bwa nabi" yavuze ko iyi gahunda kuri we. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cy'amatora, yavuze ko amagambo Mikhail Ivanovich's izina rya "ikirusiya byose (byose-ubumwe). Mu myaka myinshi:
Ati: "Tuzahamagara cobera Kalinin tumubwira nti:" Mu myaka yashize, wabaye hanze yo hanze, none nasigaye kuba The Maviet ya mbere yose-Ikirusiya. "Nyuma yo gushyikirizwa umwanya wo hejuru, lenin mu giseke cyitwa Umukuru wa Leta, Kalinin ntabwo yaretse ibikorwa by'imibereho. Kurugero, byamfashije gukuraho ingaruka zinzara mukarere ka Volga byakurikiye intambara y'abenegihugu. Mu 1923, hamwe na Clemet, Voroshilov yakoze urugendo rwa Caucase yo mu majyaruguru kugira ngo asobanure politiki ya Leta z'Abasovizi ku baturage.
Kugira ngo tugatanga inama kandi ufashe impinduramatwara, abantu n'imbaraga nabyo byafashwe. Rero, mu 1932, mugihe dukemura ikibazo cyo kwirukana imiryango ibihumbi 38 byimiryango 38, byashyizwe mumirima rusange, kubitekerezo bya Kalinina byarabaye. Kandi igitekerezo ni iki:
Ati: "Ntekereza ko bidafite ishingiro."Kandi byatangiye, bisinda.
Ku ya 1 Ukuboza 1934, Mikhail Ivanovich yashyize umukono ku teka kugira ngo rihindure amahame agenga umurimo w'abagizi ba nabi. Izi mpinduka, mubyukuri, yemerewe gukandamizwa byemewe n'amategeko. Nyuma, mu gihe cy'igihano kinini gihano, abaturage bagiye ubufasha kuri Kalinin. Yishuye ati:
"Umugore wanjye ubwe yarafashwe, kandi sinshobora kumufasha. Kandi sinshobora kugufasha. "Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1906, Mikhail Ivanovich yafashe Ekaterina Ivanovna Lornberg, Esionka unyuze mubwenegihugu. Mu muryango, bidashoboka guhamagara byishimo, abana batanu bavutse.
Umuhungu wa mbere Valeriya yavutse mu 1907. Kalinin ntabwo yari se kavukire. Valeryan yarangije ikigo cya Leniyeri, mu ntangiriro ya za 1930, umuhungu yarashatse. Mu 1935, umuhungu yarapfuye. Nyuma yibyo, se wumutima wihuse yatangiye ibibazo na psyche no mu 1947 yiyahuye.
Alexandre yavutse mu 1908, ararangira kandi mu kigo cya Leniyeri. Nyuma yo kurekurwa, nahujwe no gushyingirwa n'umukobwa wa komiser y'abaturage wa Natalia Gukovskaya. Ntibari bafite abana. Yapfuye afite imyaka 80, mu rwego rw'Umukandida wa siyansi.
Mukobwa Kalinina Lidiya (1912) na Anna (1916) ubuzima bwihariye bugana imiti. Umwe yari umuvuzi, undi - x-ray. Lidiya niwe wenyine mu bana bataretse kuvugana na Mama watanzwe. Nyuma yo gutsinda cyane mu 1945, bari kumwe na Catherine Ivanovna babaga i Moscou.
Umukobwa wa gatanu, Julia, yapfuye nyuma gato yo kugaragara k'umucyo.
Usibye ubuzima bwumuryango, Mikhail Kalinina yari afite ikindi, ibanga. Mu gitabo "Creat ihene. Kwatura nyirabuja Stalin "Vera DavyDova, hafi y'umuyobozi, wanditse ko impinduramatwara yahumekaga bidashoboka kuri ballerinas y'ikinamico ya Bolshoi.
"Mikhail Ivanovich yabahaye shokora, imyenda y'imbere itumizwa, yatumiwe gusangira. Mu kubara impano, ntibamwanze mu bwisanzure no gusomana mu ijosi. "Ukwizera kwa Belin rwabwiye Vera n'ubwicanyi, kubera ko Kalinin yibasiye intangarugero mu gihe cy'impinduramono, nyuma habonetse abatasi, kandi abatasi barakandamijwe.
Mu 1938, byamenyekanye ko Impinduramatwara yafashwe kungufu umuvandimwe wimyaka 16 ya Marshal Alexander Egorerova. Iburanisha ku giti cye byatumye Joseph Stalin. Bavuga ko icyaha cy'ibyabaye cyamenyekanye n'umugore wa Kalinina, ati: Ntabwo yafashe ibisambo by'umugabo. Yatangajwe ko couport yo-impinduramatwara yohereza imyaka 15 mu nkambi. Catherine yagarutse nyuma yimyaka 7.5 kubashakanye.
Urupfu
Mu 1945, Mikhail Kalinina yasuzumwe kuri oncologiya. Igikorwa cyo gukuraho ikibyimba nticyafashije. Impinduramatwara yahindutse Stalin hamwe n'isaba kurekura umugore we mu nkambi kugira ngo ashobore kurokoka ububabare bukabije. Umuyobozi yababariye Catherine, kandi mbere y'urupfu yari iruhande rw'uwo mwashakanye.
Mikhail Ivanovich yapfuye ku ya 3 Gahane 1946 avuye kuri kanseri y'inda. Nyuma y'iminsi itatu, isanduku yamanuwe nurukuta rwa Kremlin mu mva.
Kwibuka
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Mikhail Kalinina, amazina y'imijyi ya Kalinged (wasangaga Konigsberg), Kalinin (ubungubu - Kalininbad (ubu - Abalunins), Kalisin n'ibindi byinshi byo gutura;
- Kugeza mu 1990, kimwe mu sitazi za Metro ya Moscou n'ishami bitwaga "Kalininskaya" (ubu "ubusitani bwa Aleksandrovsky"). Kuri sitasiyo iracyafite ingengo y'impinduramatwara, kandi ishami ryagumanye izina ryaryo;
- I Kalinged, sitasiyo ifite urwibutso rwa metero 10 kuri Mikhail Ivanovich hamwe n'intoki irambuye;
- Kugeza mu 2013, ibigo 3,358 - kare, imihanda, ibigeragezo, ancoys bititirwa Kalinin;
- Muri St. Petersburg, inyubako eshatu zarinzwe, aho Kalinin yabayeho. Icyamamare - inzu yimbaho nimero 92a kuri UL. Engels. Dukurikije ibimungizo by'urwibutso, "muri iyi nzu mu nzu m.i. Kalinin mu Kwakira 1917 V.I. Lenin yakoze inama z'ishyaka ku gutegura imyigaragambyo yitwaje intwaro. " Gucira urubanza ku ifoto igezweho, inyubako yagaruwe. Noneho hari ikigo cy'Abayahudi kigira umuyahudi.