Ivan Efremov - Biography, Amafoto, ubuzima bwite, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Ivan Efremov ni utwara ubumenyi bwa encyclopedic, yasanze porogaramu yakoreshejwe muburyo butangaje hamwe nibikorwa birambuye byamateka na bitangaje. Ibitabo bye biri kumurongo umwe hamwe n'imirimo ya Isaac Azimov, Herbert Welx na Stanislav. Ubuzima bwumuhanga numwanditsi ntabwo bishimishije kuruta guhanga.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Se wa Ivan Efremova, Antipa Kharitonovich, kuva ku mutungo woroheje, utanga abacuruzi, babona ipeti ry'umujyanama wa galiki. Nyuma y'ifatizo ryo mu 1917 no gutandukana kw'ababyeyi, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yagombaga guhindura izina ryo hagati no kuba Ivan Antontovich, kugira ngo atari ukukurura ibitekerezo kubakinnyi bakize.

Nyina wa Balegara Alexandrovna yasezeranye mu bana, igihe kinini cyo kwishyura Vale. Umuvandimwe yarababaye, kandi umuryango wa 1914 wimukiye muri Beryanian Berdyansk. Ngaho Ivan yagiye muri gymnasium.

Hamwe n'ikibazo cy'intambara yabenegihugu, Efremov kugera imbere, yakiriye ihungabana kandi ikanatera imbere gato. Gucirwa bugufi, bimukiye i Petrograpp, byakoraga nk'umutwaro, umushoferi, urangije ku ishuri. Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, nasomye, usibye ibihimbano, ibitabo kuri biologiya, zoologiya n'imyitwarire y'ubwihindurize. Ivan amaze kwiga kuri Navigator, yaberaga mu nyanja ya Okhotsk, maze asubira muri kaminuza, ku ishami rya biologiya.

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1920, Efremov yashishikarije muri Geologiya, yajugunye kaminuza kandi yiga ku kigo cy'umusozi. Ingendo zubushakashatsi zakoze ingendo zubushakashatsi zakoze ingendo za ural na Mongoliya, Aziya yo hagati na Siberiya. Mu 1935, urwego rw'umukandida wa siyanse y'ibinyabuzima yahawe igihe cyo guhuza imirimo kuri Paleontologiya. Mbere y'intambara ubwayo, umwanditsi yiregura impamyabumenyi ye.

Ubuvanganzo

Alexey Tolstoy yashubije uburyo bwa Efremova nkimbeho cyane kandi icyarimwe. Ivan ubwe yavuze mu kiganiro "kumva ururimi rutakuze mu byatsi by'imivugo," kandi kubera akazi garebire, gutsinda ingorane no ku bitekerezo byabungabunzwe. Kandi ubyite neza cyane umutora, ntabwo ari siyansi.

Ivan yajuririye imirimo y'ubuvanganzo mugihe cyo kwimuka kuri Qazaqistan. Indwara na Typhoid, Efremov yaje kuba umunyururu muremure kuryama hanyuma utangira kwandika inkuru ninkuru. Muri iki gihe, "amato ya marseille" na "inyenyeri ya nyuma", "inzira z'abacukuzi ba kera" na "oftorictory imyuka yo kureba" na "bay'umukororombya.

Muri "ibanga rya Ellinsky" Byari bimeze nkibintu nkibi. Muri "inama hejuru ya Tuskaroi" umwanditsi yatekereje ku kibazo cyo kwegeranya amazi "" aremereye "mu nyanja. "Olg-Khorha" yitangiye gushakisha inyo nini muri ubujyakuzimu bwa Mongoliya. EFREÉV, yagize ati: "Catty saker", nk'uko byagize uruhare mu gakiza k'icyamamare kubera kwibagirwa. Nyuma yo gutangaza inkuru mu Bwongereza, ubwiherero bwimuriwe mu cyiciro cy'ingoro ndangamurage, umwanditsi yamenyeshejwe n'abasomyi b'Abongereza.

Umwanditsi, wahuje ibihimbano hamwe nibintu bya siyansi, yishimye cyane - ibyabaye byasobanuwe nabo byabonetse bifatika. Mu bihe bitandukanye, kubitsa Mercury n'ubuvumo hamwe n'ibishushanyo by'abantu ba mbere, imiyoboro ya Kimberlite muri Yaktia n'ibiranga imiterere ya kirisiti ya kirisiti. Ibikoresho byimbitse bishobora gucukumbura no gucukura neza, nko muri "itoll ya" fakopo ". Na gari ya moshi kumuvuduko wa km 300 / h na phenomenon ya buri munsi rwose.

Ikibanza cy '"igicucu cya kahise" cyakozwe na Fantasy ya Ivan ku buryo ibyabaye mu bihe byashize byagaragaye mu rutare ku ruhago runaka. Nyuma yimyaka 3, umutimanama wa Nobel Denes Denes Gabor yerekanwe ningaruka za holographic.

Siyanse Fantastic etide "Amashusho atanu" ya EffemOv yanditse mu gushyigikira umuhanzi Andrei Sokolov, umutware w'insanganyamatsiko y'insanganyamatsiko mu gishushanyo. Hashingiwe ku mwenda we "Lift muri Cosmos" by Artur Clark, Abahatsi "abven" bahimbwe na Arthur Clark.

Ku nkuru y '"umutima winzoka" Ivan yibukije nkibintu byamakosa. Igitabo cya mbere nticyatsinze abanditsi bakwiye kandi bigatuma abantu benshi bahanganye mu gice cyabasomyi, ubwenge muri chimie na anatomiya. Digeka "Ku nkombe za Okumens" yibizwa mu makuru arambuye y'ubuzima mu gihe cya Egiputa ya kera na Bugereki ya kera.

EFREMOV ntabwo yabonaga ejo hazaza hy'umuntu atabonana nindi mico, udasabye ubujyakuzimu bwahantu. Mu gihe cyo kugendera mu butayu, umuhanga wa Gobi yaje gutekereza ku gitekerezo cy'inama "Timobal Andromeda". Igitabo kirimo amabara yasobanuye neza ibyo abakomoka kuri siyanse y'ibihimbano bya siyanse hamwe na: Ingaruka zo kuvura amasoko y'ingufu za kirimbuzi hamwe n'ibintu biguruka bidafite ibiryo.

Umuroma "w'isaha", yeguriwe ku mugore wa Taisiya - Umugani wa filozofiya ku buryo Tatalitarism iteye akaga ari akaga. Nkintwari za kure muri yo, abantu bava muri "Timebal Andromeda" baravuzwe. Uyu murimo umuhanga yashakaga gutongana na bagenzi be batekerezaga ubuzima nk'umuhanda ugana ku rupfu, aho umuntu wishyize mu rwego rw'igitero cy'ibitero by'ibitekerezo by'inyamaswa, aho intsinzi y'umucyo irahakanwe.

EFREMOV yizeraga ko umuntu, nkikiremwa cyibiremwa kandi ahindurwa no kwibuka, kandi atari ahantu hose, ashoboye kwambuka icyiciro cyiterambere ryibinyabuzima. Kandi mugihe kizaza, umuco wo ku isi uzashyira indangagaciro rusange n'imibereho.

Ingorane zanyuma za Ivan Efremov nicyo cyo kuvuga ubuzima bwa Atene wa Tayisi, mugenzi wa Alexandre Umunyamerika Ptolémée. Iki gihe ibihimbani byahaye inzira amateka. Kandi icyarimwe, igitabo cyahindutse indirimbo y'urukundo, ubwiza, ubwenge n'ubudahemuka. Igitabo "Tais Athens" cyasohotse nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Umugore wa mbere wa Ivan Efreva yabaye umuhagarariye siyansi. Ksenia ni umukobwa wa Porofeseri Geologiya, umushakashatsi Nikolai SVITALSKY, umushakashatsi w'ikibazo cya ORE, aho azwi cyane magnitogork yamenetse. Kubwibyo, birukanwe kubera ubu bukwe umwanditsi yashakaga gukurura inyungu zumwuga. Heroine y'Igitabo "Urwembe rw'Icyuma" Sim Metin yanditswe na Ksenia. Nta bana bahari muri uyu muryango.

Kwimura ikigo cya Paleozoologiya, aho umuhanga yakoraga, kuva Lenitser kugera Moscou yatanzwe kandi ahinduka mubuzima bwite. Mu murwa mukuru wa Efremov yimutse hamwe numugore wa kabiri wa Elena Kolukova. Bidatinze, umuhungu wa Allan aravuka. Izina ry'umwana ryahisemo se mu cyubahiro imiterere yavuye mu gitabo "yita ku Mwami Salomo" w'ubwongereza Henry Haggard. Allan yagiye mu kirenge cya Data - yashishikajwe na geologiya.

Elena yapfuye mu 1961, nyuma yumwaka Ivan yashakanye na Tayisiya Yukhnevskaya. Umuhanga yahuye n'umugore mu 1950, ubwo yakoraga nk'umusemburo mu kigo, hanyuma aba umunyamabanga bwite wa Efremov.

Nubwo izina ryinshi, abashakanye babayeho mu buryo bworoheje. Duhereye ku bikoresho "birenze" hari imodoka gusa ivan yaguze nyuma yo kwakira igihembo cya stalin kubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Umwanditsi kugeza igihe iminsi ya nyuma yagumye ku munyamabanga, wabaye mu cyumba cy'abagore basuhuzaga, akorera ikoti ndetse n'abakobwa.

Urupfu

Ivan Efremov isigaye mu Kwakira 1972, mu masaha make mbere yuko ibi byafashaga mugenzi wawe mu magambo. Impamvu y'urupfu, ukurikije umupfakazi wa Taii, babaye igitero cy'umutima. Umubiri wa nyakwigendera ku munsi wa 2 watwitswe, kandi iki kintu kubera impamvu runaka yateje amakenga ya KGB.

Ukwezi kumwe gushyingura, abantu 11 baturutse Lubyanskaya, bashakishije inzu yumwanditsi, harimo igisenge ninkuta za statesctor. Mbega efremov ukekwatse kandi ntiwakomeje. Ariko kugeza kuri 70, inyandiko za Ivan ntabwo zatangajwe, kandi izina muri siyanse ryavuzwe mu mwenda, nubwo umuhanga ari we washinze icyerekezo gitandukanye - taphonomy. Kuva mu masosiyete, ukurikije abivuga mu gihe, bagerageje gukuraho "amasaha y'isaha", gucukumbura umurongo wa poropa ya kurwanya Sovieti.

Ivu rya Ivan Efremova ryashyinguwe mu irimbi i Komarovo, hafi ya St. Petersburg. Amashyiga ya Basalle yashyizwe ku mva, no kuri yo - polyedron yaturutse ku mabuye y'agaciro hamwe n'izina ryakozwe n'amatariki y'amavuko n'urupfu.

Amagambo

"Fantasy ni igicucu, kizamuka aho ushobora kubona byinshi, reka no mu ruhu rutagira ubwenge." Hazabaho umuryango udasobanutse. "Hazabaho umuryango w'abakomunisiti utari frimi, cyangwa umucanga ku isi yapfuye." "Igihe izaza - kandi abahagarariye ibyitwa "umukara w'abirabura" bazazimira mu isi, hazabura urugendo rw'umuriro, kandi nta gushidikanya ko mu gihe kizaza, inyungu z'ejo hazaza, inyungu z'ejo hazaza Mu mpeta ifunze ikoranabuhanga - imbunda z'imashini, robo, imashini za elegitoronike - kandi umuntu azamuha guhanga rwose. "

Bibliografiya

• "Katty Sark"
• "Inama ya Tuskaroi"
• "Indorerwamo Hur-na-Kuriganya"
• "Kapiteni wa TV Ganehina"
• "Amato y'inyenyeri"
• "Marseille Yanyuma"
• "Ikuzimu umuriro"
• "Ku nkombe ya jukumen"
• "Bay Baybow Jets"
• "Atoll Fakofo"
• "Yurt Voron"
• "Urwembe"
• "Nebula ya Andromeda"
• "Isaha"
• "Tais Atene"