Ubuzima
Ilya Mesnikov ni umuhanga udasanzwe witwa yanditseho inyuguti za zahabu mumateka menshi ya disilogiya kuri physiologiya. Umuhanga mu biologiya mwiza, "Data" w'igitekerezo cya Phagocytic y'ubudahangarwa, kuruta gushyira mu gaciro byose na siyansi, gusaba: niba atari byo"Kubaho nta kwizera, kimwe no kuba gitandukanye, nk'ukwizera kwemererwa ubumenyi."Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ilya Ilyich yavutse ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1845 mu mudugudu w'Intara ya Ivanovka Kharkiv (ubungubu - Ukraine) mu muryango hamwe n'amateka ashimishije. Padiri ILyaNanovich ni nyir'ubutaka, umusirikare mukuru yakomokaga mu kana nyabaswa. Muri basekuruza, umudipololote w'ikinyejana cya XVII, Polyglot, uwitabira ubukangurambaga bwa Azov bwa Peter The Peter The Nikolai Gavrilovich Spafarich.
Mama - Emilia Lvovna, mu Maiden Nevakhovich. Umukobwa wumuntu ukize cyane wa Polonye, umumari numumaririm hamwe nuwashinze ubwoko bwa "Uburusiya-Abayahudi-Abayahudi" Abayahudi "Abayahudi" Abayahudi "Abayahudi" Abayahudi "Abayahudi" Abayahudi "Abayahudi" Abayahudi " Nyirarume yabajije umubwiriza wa finkuru "elash" numutwe wisubiramo ryimikino ya simali.
Se yari AZARENT kandi kororoka kuzamuka, ku buryo bwo kuvuka k'umuhungu uherereye, gutanga umugore ukize yari amaze kugereranywa, kandi umuryango wimukiye mu mugabane wa Ivanovka. Abavandimwe Bakuru babiri Mesnikov na bo bamenyekanye nyuma. Intare ihinduka umuhango wa geographe, anachiste n'umugore, yagize uruhare mu mutwe w'Ubutaliyani ya Kissorgeto, inyandiko z'imico n'inyandiko "zahawe kugira ngo zishyireho amateka ya Kiscos James Joyce, umwanditsi" Ulysses ".
Muri biografiya yumuvandimwe Ivana, igitangaje cyane ni iherezo ryayo. Umushinjacyaha w'Urukiko rw'akarere ka Tula yarwaye indwara ikomeye ya Phulent, yatumye apfa. Iminsi yanyuma nibitekerezo byuyu muntu byagize ishingiro ryubuyobozi bwa Leo Tolstoy "urupfu rwa Ivan Ilyich." Gusura umwanditsi muri Glade isobanutse, umushinjacyaha yabwiye ibitekerezo bye, aho Tolstoy yamumenye afite indashyikirwa, atanga ibitekerezo. Nyuma, inkota yumuhanga mu binyabuzima izavuga ko ubuhanga bwo mu Buhanga bw'Abarusiya bwatanze "ibisobanuro byiza" byo gutinya urupfu.
Umuryango wa Minitor muri Ivanovka bitabiriye abarimu bo murugo. Muri bo, umunyeshuri w'ubuvuzi watoje murumuna w'intare, umwe wenyine wari ufite inyungu n'ubugari yari ishyaka ry'abana ba siyanse ya Ilya, akurura ubushakashatsi, abashakashatsi.
Mu 1856 yinjiye mu cyiciro cya 2 cya Kharkv Gymnasium y'abagabo. 2. Yarangije ikigo gifite umudari wa zahabu. Muburyo bwo kwiga kuri biologiya ntibyatakaje. Ibinyuranye na byo, twishimiye gusuka ibiganiro kuri anatologiya ugereranije na Anatologiya na kaminuza ya Kharkov.
Icungamiwe n'isi nshya y'ubumenyi, Ilya arasaba ko ababyeyi bamwohereza kwiga mu Budage, ariko kwakira ubukonje no kubura amafaranga byatumye umusore agaruka nyuma yo kugenda vuba aha. Igikombe kinini cyiyi "babble" nicyo gikorwa cya Charles Darwin "inkomoko y'ibinyabuzima", kumenyana nagize ingaruka zikomeye ku muhanga uzaza.
Yinjiye mu ishami risanzwe ry'ishami ry'abarimu b'umubiri n'imibare ya kaminuza ya Kharkov. Gahunda yabanyeshuri itarize imyaka 4, naho kuri 2, yahaga inyungu zubumenyi zikiri bato kuri bagenzi bawe. Nyuma, inkota iracyahari "yatsindiye" Ubudage. Mu 1864 yakoze ubushakashatsi ku kirwa cya Helgoroland, nyuma yakoraga muri Laboratoire Rudolf Lecade mu kigo cy'Abadage.
Afite imyaka 20, yimukiye mu Butaliyani, aho amenyeranya n'umuhanga mu binyabuzima Alexander Kovalevsky, uzahinduka inshuti n'incuti yizerwa. Kubikorwa bihuriweho mu rusoro rw'umusore, igihembo gikuru cya Charles Baer cyabonetse. Amaze gusubira mu Burusiya, Ilya Ilyich arinda ubudahwema, hanyuma hagamijwe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga, yashoboye kwakira impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mbere yo kugera ku myaka 25.
Siyanse
Bavumbuye byakozwe Mesnikov bari impinduramatwara no kudaca yemewe na siyansi, kuko ibitekerezo arahindukira hejuru ibitekerezo bwamaze gushingwa ku gikorwa umubiri w'umuntu mu mitwe.
Ndetse n'umurimo w'ibanze w'Ubumenyi, inyigisho yo guhanganira Phiegoctic, aho mu 1908 yakiriye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu rwego rwa Physiologisi n'imiti, yaranenzwe.
Mbere ya Mechnikov, abakora amaraso yera bafatwaga iyo miti iyo bahuye nibikorwa n'indwara zishira. Umuhanga yavuze ko Leukoytes ari ba babunganira gukora umurimo bakora umubiri, bakuramo ibice by'amahanga imbere. Umusanzu wa siyansi ni uko abaganga b'isi ba none bazi ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ari ikimenyetso cy'intambara y'ubudahangarwa, bityo birangiza kurasa ku kimenyetso runaka.
Ukuri kwishimishije: Byari ngombwa gusobanura "inteko y'ibinyabuzima". Urebye liswi y'inyenyeri zo mu nyanja mu Butaliyani mu 1882, yasanze selile zigenda (pharecytes) ikikije imirambo y'amahanga kwinjira muri Awari, kandi "Kurya".
Inkota yaranditse ati: "Ninjye, - ko selile nk'izo zigomba gukorera mu mubiri kugira ngo zihangane n'imibare yangiza. Nibwiye ubwanjye ko niba ibyo ntekereza byari byiza, noneho Zanoza, byinjijwe mumubiri winyenyeri, bigomba gukikijwe no kwimura selile mugihe gito, nkuko byubahirizwa mumuntu wazamutse urutoki rwe. "Kugira imigezi yijimye muri livre, yemeza icyorezo hanyuma kimwe cya kane cy'ikinyejana gikonjaga ku kazi kuri bagiteri, ibisangira imirimo ya bagiteri, ibizwe, bya physiologiya, bamwe muri bo bazahinduka imigenzo.
Mu myaka ya 1886 yasubiye mu Burusiya, atura muri Odessa. Ngaho hageze mu Bufaransa no mu gice cyo mu gice cya Epidemi Gamalei, wiganye i Louis Pasteur, uburyo bwo gukingira ibisaraba. Muri uwo mwaka, abahanga bafunguye sitasiyo ya kabiri ya bagiteri ku isi kurwara indwara zanduza.
Umwaka umwe, inkota yimukiye i Paris, aho yakiriye umwanya ku kigo cya Pasteur. Nk'uko byatanga raporo zimwe, Umuhanga yahisemo kugenda kubera imyitwarire mibi y'abayobozi n'umuryango w'ubumenyi kuri we. Mu Bufaransa, abona ko amahoro n'ibikwiye bikwiye.
Gukora ku ruhande hamwe n'ubwenge butangaje bw'igihe, Tifoyide Igituntu, icyorezo. Yakomeje kuba umukozi w'ikigo kugeza iminsi ye arangiye, nyuma yerekeza muri kaminuza. Gushyigikirwa na bagenzi be b'Abarusiya, bigizwe no kwandikirana na Ivan SecHenov, Dmitry Mendeleev, Ivan Pavlov.
Ntabwo ari disikuru yubumenyi gusa, ubushakashatsi, ariko nanone ibitabo byeguriwe ibibazo bya filozofiya, inyigisho yisi, idini ryavuye mu ikaramu. Umushakashatsi udafite ubudacogora izuba rirenze Epoki niwe washinze geontologiya ya siyansi kandi atangiza inyigisho ya orthobiose:
"Ubuzima bukwiye bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bwa kamere muntu no gushyiraho amafaranga yo gukosora imigange yayo."
Urebye ko umuntu ashobora kubaho imyaka 100 no igihe kirekire, akaba mu gushimangira kuramba cyane ku butegetsi bwiza bwibiryo, isuku. Gusa hamwe no kubaho kwishimye, uko bireba, umuntu yari kwimurwa kuva "imyumvire yubuzima" kugeza "instinct". Yagaragaje ibitekerezo byabo muburyo burambuye mubikorwa bya etides yicyizere nimvugo yerekeye imiterere yumuntu.
Mubyifuzo bireba ubwiza no kubaho, umuhanga yagaragaje microflora yinyamanswa. Gukurura ubuzima burebure kandi bunejejwe, bwamamaye gufungura chopstick ya Bulugariya hamwe numunyeshuri hamwe numunyeshuri. Mu 1908, yanditse ingingo yerekeye inyungu z'amata asharira. Ndashimira Mesnikov, Yogurt, Kefir nandi masoko yamagambo asembuye bikubiye mu ndyo ya buri munsi, gutanga inkunga kumubiri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
N'ubwo ubumenyi bwa siyansi, mu buzima bwite bw'inkota bwari umuntu w'amarangamutima, ukunda kumera. Mubwangavu bwagize kwiheba kandi amahoro yo mu mutima ni yo abona no kubona neza isi.
Kabiri. Hamwe nuwo mwashakanye wambere Lydmila Fegorovich yashakanye mu 1869. Umugeni yagize igituntu kandi yari afite intege nke ku buryo yazanwe mu itorero ku ntebe. Nyuma yimyaka 4, Lydimila yapfuye, kandi inkota ihutira mfata icyemezo cyo kwiyahura, kunywa morphine. Igipimo cyari kinini cyane kandi gitera refroxt.
Umugore wa kabiri wa Olga yari umunyeshuri we, umunyeshuri. Nta bana bakomoka kuri bombi.
Urupfu
Ilya Ilyich yapfuye mu 1916 aterwa n'indwara z'umutima, yarokotse mbere yo kunamira kwa Myocardial.
Umurambo waraze siyanse ikurikirwa no gutwika imirambo. Ivu ry'umuhanga iri ku kigo cya Pasteur.
Ibihembo
- 1867 - Karl Bair Igihembo
- 1902 - SELNOTE UMURYANGO WA ST. Petersburg Ishuri ryubumenyi
- 1906 - Umudari w'ikariso
- 1908 - Igihembo cya Nobel muri physiologisi no mu buvuzi
- 1916 - Umudari wa Albert (societe yumwami kubuhanzi)