Ubuzima
Antoine de Saint-Exupery - Umwanditsi ufite izina ryumuntu wese umenyereye igitabo "Igikomangoma gito". Ubuzima bwanditse Umwanditsi utazibagirana bwuzuye ibintu bidasanzwe no guhura nabyo, kuko ibikorwa byayo nyamukuru byahujwe nindege.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ryumwanditsi - Antoine Marie Jean-Batist Roger de Saint-Exupery. Mu bwana, umuhungu yitwaga Tony. Yavutse ku ya 29 Kamena 1900 muri Lyon, mu muryango w'umunyacyubahiro, kandi yari umwana wa 3 w'abana 5. Umutware wumuryango yarapfuye mugihe toni ntoya yari afite imyaka 4. Umuryango wagumye udafite uburyo kandi wimukiye kuri nyirasenge, wabaga ku kibanza cya Belkur. Amafaranga ntabwo yabuze ibigo, ariko yishyuwe nubucuti hagati yabavandimwe na bashiki bacu. Cyane hafi ya antoine yari kumwe na muvandimwe Francois.
Mama yashyize umwana gukunda ibitabo nubuvanganzo, avuga ku gaciro k'ubuhanzi. Kubyerekeye ubucuti bwe nubwuzu bwuzuye numuhungu we bisa ninyuguti. Ushishikajwe no ku masomo ya nyina, umuhungu na we yakundaga umutekinisiye ahitamo icyo ashaka kwitangira.
Antoine de Saint Exupery yize mu ishuri rya gikristo i Lyon, hanyuma muri Assuit yerekeza muri Montreux. Mu myaka 14, imbaraga zababyeyi zoherejwe muri pansitolika Gatolika. Mu 1917, Antoine yinjiye mu ishami ry'ububatsi ku ishuri rya Paris ry'ubuhanzi bwiza. Impamyabumenyi ifite impamyabumenyi mu ntoki yari yiteguye kwinjira mu mwobo w'amazi, ariko ananirwa guhitamo amarushanwa. Gutakaza cyane kuri Antoine byabaye urupfu rw'umuvandimwe wo mu gitabo cy'abavoka. Kubura uwo ukunda yari afite ubwoba, bikingira.
Indege
Antoine yakubise ikirere kuva mu bwana. Bwa mbere yasuye indege kuri 12, tubikesha umuderevu uzwi cyane wahblevski, wamujyanye kwishimisha muri Avadrome muri Amber. Ibitekerezo byumusore byari bifite bihagije kugirango wumve icyaba intego yubuzima.
1921 Byinshi byahinduye byinshi mubuzima bwa Antoine. Amaze guhamagarira ingabo, yarangije amasomo yo gutwara ibikoresho maze ahinduka umunyamuryango w'indege muri Strasbourg. Ubwa mbere, umusore yari amahugurwa mabi yumusirikare mubi, ariko bidatinze aba nyir'icyemezo cy'abaderevu mbonezamubano. Nyuma ibijumba byongereye impamyabumenyi kumuderevu wa gisirikare.
Kugira amahugurwa yuzuye kumasomo ya ofisiye, Antoine yagurutse kugeza ku ntera ya liyetona muto kandi akorera mu gisirikare 34. Nyuma yindege idatsinzwe mu 1923, iranyeganyega, amaze gukomeretsa mumutwe, indege yibumoso. Umuderevu yatuye i Paris ahitamo kugerageza mu ruzinduko rw'ubuvanganzo. Intsinzi ntabwo yaje. Kugira ngo abeho, ibireko byahatiwe kugurisha imodoka, gukora ku ruganda rwanditseho ndetse n'ibitabo by'ubucuruzi.
Bidatinze, byagaragaye ko kuyobora ubuzima nk'ubwo, Antoine ntiyari ashoboye. Kumenya kwe kudasanzwe byarafashije. Mu 1926, umuderevu ukiri muto yakiriye umwanya wubukanishi mu ndege "Aeropochetal", hanyuma yaje kuba umuderevu wa AVations, itanga amabaruwa. Muri iki gihe, amaposita yepfo yanditswe. Nyuma yo kwiyongera gushya, hakurikiraho ubundi busobanuro. Kuba umutware w'ikibuga cy'indege muri Cap-JuBI, wari i Sahara, Antoogo akora mu guhanga.
Mu 1929, inzobere ifite impano yimuriwe ku mwanya w'umuyobozi w'ishami rya Aeropotil, kandi ibijumba byimukiye i Buenos Aires kugira ngo bayobore amashami. Yakoze ingendo zisanzwe kuri Casablanca. Isosiyete, uwo mwanditsi yakoraga, yarasenya gato rero, Antoine yongeye gukora mu Burayi.
Bwa mbere bakora kuri posita yindege, hanyuma utangira guhuza akazi nyamukuru ufite icyerekezo gisa, kuba umuderevu wikizamini. Kuri kimwe mu bizamini habaye impanuka y'indege. Kurekura byagumye wenyine no gushimira umurimo ukora ibice.
Ubuzima bw'umwanditsi bwari bujyanye no gukabije, kandi ntiyatinye guhura n'ingaruka. Antoine yitabira iterambere ry'umushinga ku indege yihuta, Antoine yabonye indege kugira ngo ikore ku murongo wa Paris-Saigo. Ubwato bwagiye mu butayu. Kuremeranya byarokotse kubera impanuka. Hamwe na hamwe hamwe na Mechanic bari bacecetse bwa nyuma bafite inyota, yakijije Bedouins.
Impanuka ikomeye Umwanditsi yasuye yari impanuka yindege hamwe nindege ivuye i New York yerekeza mukarere k'igihugu cyaka umuriro. Nyuma ye, umuderevu yari muri koma iminsi mike, amaze gukomeretsa umutwe n'igitugu.
Mu myaka ya za 1930, Antoan yashimishijwe n'itangazamakuru maze aba umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru "Paus Suar". Iyo uhagarariye ikinyamakuru "Entropey yari mu ntambara yo muri Espanye. Yitabiriye kandi intambara hamwe na Nazis mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
Ibitabo
Igikorwa cya mbere cya Exupery cyanditse muri kaminuza mu 1914. Babaye umugani "odyssey ya silinderi". Impano y'umwanditsi yasuzumwe ibikwiye, yongeraho umwanya 1 ku marushanwa y'ubuvanganzo. Mu 1925, Kuzana Antoine yamenyereye abanditsi bazwi n'ababwiriza icyo gihe. Bashimishijwe n'impano y'umusore kandi yatanze ubufatanye. Usanzwe umwaka utaha kumapaji yikinyamakuru "ubwato bwa feza" bwasohoye inkuru "umuderevu".
Imirimo yo Kuremwa ifitanye isano nikirere na Ailiation. Umwanditsi yari afite umuhamagaro abiri, kandi yasangiye n'abaturage imyumvire y'isi binyuze mumaso yumuderevu. Umwanditsi yavuganye na filozofiya ye, yemerera abasomyi ubundi kureba ubuzima. Niyo mpamvu ibyatangajwe no kumpapuro zibikorwa muri iki gihe bikoreshwa nka cote.
Kuba umuderevu "aeropochatal", umuderevu ntabwo yatekereje guhagarika ibikorwa byubuvanganzo. Yagarutse mu Budage bwerekanaga Ubufaransa bwe, yagiranye amasezerano n'inzu ya Haston Gallimar yo gutangaza no gutangaza ibitabo 7. Kunywa-Umwanditsi yabayeho muri Mate ya hafi hamwe numuderevu.
Mu 1931, umwanditsi yakiriye igihembo cya "Femina" mu indege ya nijoro, no mu 1932, film yakuweho na firime. Iyi mpanuka mu butayu bwa Libiya no mu bitekerezo umuderevu yarokotse, azerera kuri yo, yasobanuye mu gihugu "igihugu cy'abantu" ("umubumbe w'abantu"). Akazi kari gashingiye ku mirimo n'amarangamutima biturutse ku bijyanye n'ubutegetsi bwa Stalinsiste muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.
Umuderevu w'Abaroma "wabaye umurimo wo kwihorera. Umwanditsi yagize uruhare mu bunararibonye bujyanye no kwitabira Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Birabujijwe mu Bufaransa, igitabo cyari gifite intsinzi idasanzwe muri Amerika. Abahagarariye inzu ya Amerika batangajwe byategetse ko hari umugani. Umucyo rero wabonye "igikomangoma gito", uherekejwe n'ibishushanyo by'uburenganzira. Yazanye isi izwi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Afite imyaka 18, Antoine yakundaga Louise Vinmorn. Umukobwa w'ababyeyi bakize ntiyitaye ku kurambagiza umusore ushishikaye. Indege imaze guhanuka, umukobwa yamukubise mu buzima bwe. Umuderevu yakunze kunanirwa nk'amakuba nyayo. Urukundo rudahagije rwamubabaje. Ndetse icyamamare no gutsinda ntabwo byahinduye isano ya Louise, yakomeje kutabogama.
Kuremeranya byitaye ku bagore, baroshya isura nziza n'izamu, ariko ntibihutiye kubaka ubuzima bwite. Uburyo umuntu yashoboye kubona amafaranga ya suxin. Nk'uko kimwe muri verisiyo, Consuelo na Antoine bahuriye i Buenos baires barakoze kumenyera muri rusange. Umwanditsi w'uwahoze ari uwo bashakanye, umwanditsi Gomez Carillo, yarapfuye. Yabonye ihumure mu gitabo hamwe n'umuderevu.
Ubukwe bwurundumbo bwabaye mu 1931. Gushyingirwa ntibyari byoroshye. Consuelo yahoraga yazunguye urukoza. Yari afite imico mibi, ariko ubwenge n'uburezi k'uwo mwashakanye byarashaje na Antoine. Umwanditsi, umugore w'Imana, yihanganiye ibibera.
Urupfu
Urupfu rwa Antoine de Saint-exupery rwatwikiriwe mu mwenda w'amayobera. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, yabonye umwenda wo kurengera icyubahiro cy'igihugu. Nkibintu byubuzima, umuderevu yamenyekanye mubutegetsi bwubutaka, ariko Antoine yahujije isano yinjira mubwenge bwindege.
Ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1944, ntabwo yagarutse avuye ku ndege kandi akangirwa kurutonde rwabuze. Mu 1988, igikomo cy'umwanditsi hamwe n'izina ryanditseho abashakanye ryabonetse hafi ya Marseille, kandi mu 2000, igice cy'indege yashoboye. Muri 2008, byamenyekanye ko igitero cy'umuderevu w'Ubudage ari cyo cyateye urupfu rw'umwanditsi. Umuderevu wibiryo byindege byabanzi imyaka yindege yamaze kumvikana kumugaragaro. Imyaka 60 nyuma yo guhanuka, ifoto yo kugongana yasohotse.
Bibliografiya yumwanditsi ni nto, ariko nibisobanuro byubuzima bwiza kandi bukize mubuzima. Umuderevu ushize amanga n'umwanditsi mwiza ibinyejana 20 yabayeho kandi arapfa, mu gihe akomeza icyubahiro. Kumurika, ikibuga cy'indege cya Lyon cyitiriwe.
Bibliografiya
- 1929 - "Iposita y'Amajyepfo"
- 1931 - "Ibaruwa - Amajyepfo"
- 1938 - "Indege Yijoro"
- 1938 - "Umubumbe w'abantu"
- 1942 - "Umuderevu wa gisirikare"
- 1943 - "Ibaruwa yandikiwe ingwate"
- 1943 - "Igikomangoma gito"
- 1948 - "Citade"