Ubuzima
Savva Mamontov ni umuragwa wumuryango uzwi, umufana numufana wubuhanzi. Izina ryo gusiga umutwe w'abacuruzi rizwiho kuzabakomokaho imyaka myinshi iha imbaraga ibikorwa byayo byo gufasha no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Savva Ivanovich Mamontov yavukiye mu 1841 muri Yalutorovsk, muri Siberiya. Ku myaka 8, hamwe n'umuryango, umuhungu yimukiye i Moscou. Mamomoth yabaga mu nzu yakuwe mu muhanda wa Meshchanskaya kandi ntiyigeze yishimira amafaranga yinjiza yazanye ibikorwa byumukuru wumuryango. Data, umucuruzi 1 Guild, icyo gihe yerekejwe nubukungu bwibitabo byintara. Mama yafunze ubuzima kandi azura abaragwa. Savva yari umuhungu wa 3 w'abana 7, barimo bashiki bacu 2 bapfuye.
Bitandukanye n'abacuruzi benshi, mammoth-sr .shishikarije gushishikazwa n'ubuhanzi, bityo abana bari bafite igitekerezo cy'umucunga, umuziki n'ibitabo. Abakuze mu muryango bahawe agaciro ka Aristoka, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku myumvire ya Sava. Umuhungu yasezeranye na GUTENER, atezimbere ubumenyi bwerekeye ikibi kandi yize indimi zamahanga.
Ikigo cya mbere aho yakiriye amashuri yari imikino y'imikino ngororamubiri. Hanyuma Savva yoherezwa mu kigo cy'amavuko y'abaturage ba Leta i St. Petersburg. Muri icyo gihe, hashyizweho ikibazo cya gari ya moshi mu Burusiya, kandi hari ibitekerezo ku mwana we.
Nyuma yimyaka 2, Savva asubira i Moscou. Padiri yamuteganyirije muri kaminuza yo muri Centransi, mu 1862 yoherejwe i Baku mu kwibiza ibikorwa by'umwuga. Savva yagize uruhare mu bufatanye bw'ubufatanye bwa Cussian.
Nyuma y'amezi abiri, umusore yabaye umutware w'ishami ry'ishami rya Moscou ariga, maze mu 1864 yagiye mu Butaliyani. Mammoth yabonye ibyifuzo mubikoresho byubudodo, nuko Savva afata urugendo i Lombardy.
I Milan, yasuye La Slala kandi yahuye n'inzu ya opera. Kuba mu myumvire, Mamomoth yatangiye gufata amasomo yijwi. Yigize ikinamico ishaje. Savva yitabiriye Premieres yose kandi yari amenyereye abahagarariye ubwenge bwabaturage bombi.
Byaragaragaye ko umusore afite ijwi ryiza. Yatumiriwe kwitabira "ibisanzwe" na "Lucrediya ya Borgia" mu birori bya Bass. Se, amaze kubimenya, ategekwa gusubira i Moscou. Nta n'umwe mu bana wari ushishikajwe n'ibikorwa byo kwihangira imirimo, bityo ibyiringiro byinshi byashyizweho kuri Savva.
Umwuga
Mu 1869, mammoth-sr. Yapfuye atangira gucunga umuryango. Umurango wagumana uko se wa se kandi akayongereye. Mu 1872, yabaye umuyobozi wa gari ya moshi ya Moscow-Yaroslavl, umutware we yari umubyeyi. Savva yari afite ibiro byubucuruzi kugirango itangwa ibikoresho byubaka.
Gusobanukirwa inshingano z'umuryango w'umuryango, yakoranye umwete. Mu 1875, Mamontov yasabye umushinga w'amasoko yo kurema gari ya moshi ya Doal. Nubwo ikiguzi cyiza cyakazi, rwiyemezamirimo yatsinze amarushanwa kandi ashinga umuryango w'abanyamigabane w'umuhanda wa Donetsk.
Ubwubatsi bwagiye vuba kandi neza: sitasiyo nshya yagaragaye, amasangano yarateguwe, sitasiyo zasubiwemo, inzira zahinduwe mu kugongana n'amafaranga adahuye n'imiterere idahwitse. Uburebure bw'umuhanda bufite ibirometero 479. Yabaye gride ya gari ya moshi. Gushishikarizwa gutsinda, mamoth yateguye kubaka icyambu muri Mariupol.
Amahirwe yo mumucyo cyane uruganda runini ntirushobora kurangira. Minisitiri w'imari yagize uruhare muri Sergey Witho, Minisitiri w'imari yagize uruhare rwe. Leta yaguze gari ya moshi ya Donettsk, kandi itte isaba Mamontov gushora imari mu kigo kidaharanira inyungu mu buryo bw'igihingwa cya mashini ya Nevsky. Ku bijyanye n'uruganda byabaye ngombwa ko gufata inguzanyo, byaje kugaragara ko byemewe n'amategeko.
Mammoth yiteze kugaruka umwenda kubera inyungu zo mu iyubakwa rya gari ya moteri ya St. Petersburg-Vyatka. Icyemezo cyo gusezeranya umushinga cyasezeranijwe, gutora byagenze neza, ariko Minisitiri w'ubutabera Nikolai Muravyev yafashwe na mincaricine. Mammont yahisemo kwemererwa, kandi ibibazo byatangiye kugenzura abagenzuzi.
Mu 1899, ba rwiyemezamirimo bafunzwe kubera inshingano miliyoni 10. Imigabane ya Savva ifite ubwoba bukabije. Nyuma y'urubanza yamenyekanye ko ari umwere, ariko leta yari ifite igihe cyo gushonga, izina ryatsinzwe, kandi rifite agaciro kwibagirwa. Imashini yamenetse ntiyagerageje gukosora ibintu. Yifunze muri we kandi amara umwanya we w'ubusa mu mahugurwa kugira ngo akore mayogi.
Ubugiraneza n'umutungo
Ibikorwa byubucuruzi byahumetswe Mamontov. Yabonye ibyifuzo byo kubaka gari ya moshi binyuze muri Tundra, yateganyaga ko iterambere ry'ubutaka. Kugira ngo ugaragaze umushinga ku mwamiperori Nikolai wa II na Sergey Witte, mu 1894 kuri Savvod imurikagurisha rya pavvarode yeguriwe ubutunzi bw'Abarusiya. Abahanzi Mikhail Vrubel na Kontantin Korovin bitabiriye imurikagurisha. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibitekerezo bya mamoth byegerejwe hakoreshejwe igipimo kidasanzwe.
Umufana wa Opera, Ikinamico ikinamico no gushushanya, yarose ahuza aya mabwiriza yubuhanzi. Ikigo cya OPAvaleined Opera gishinzwe imirimo yari igizwe n'abanditsi bafite impano, abakinnyi n'abahanzi. Mamontov yashoboye gukora umushinga wihariye, nubwo abahanga banenga abaturage n'impuguke.
Yateje inkunga ibikorwa byangwa nikinamico ya leta. Ibihimbano bya Sergei Rakhmaninov, Musogsky na Nikolai Rimsky-korsokov yumvikanye ahabereye ikinamico. Ibirori byakorewe Fromari Shalyapin, Tatiana Lyibatovich n'abandi baririmbyi bafite impano. Imitako yashizeho Isaka Lewitan, Victor Vasnetsov, Susily Susily Susilov.
Opera ya Mamontov yari mu nzu y'imikino y'abacuruzi Solodovnikov, ariko yateguwe ko yimukira mu buryo bwuzuye muri Hotel "Metropol". Umushinga ntiwarangiye kubera guhomba kwa patron, kandi mu 1904 Opera yarafunze.
Savva Mamontov yashyigikiye umubano ususurutsa nabagize mug. Bisabwe n'abamuhagarariye, rwiyemezamirimo wateye inkunga irekurwa ry'izina rimwe. Hamwe nigipimo cye kiranga, yujuje ibyatangarijwe kubikorwa byinshuti, kandi abashinze ikinyamakuru bavugaga uburebure bwa patron. Bidatinze, mammoth yaretse gushora imari mu kinyamakuru. Kuva 1899, hamwe na Savoy Morozov, yasohoye ikinyamakuru "Abantu", ariko umushinga watengushye kandi ntabwo wakurure rubanda. Savva kandi yagize uruhare mu kurekura ikinyamakuru "Uburusiya".
Ubwubatsi bwari bushishikajwe na rwiyemezamirimo. Yakundaga cyane igitekerezo cyinyubako igoye kandi akodeshwa nabafatanyabikorwa imyaka 25 muri kimwe cya kane muri Moscou kugirango akore urusobe rwibikorwa remezo. Isosiyete yubwishingizi bwa Petersburg yitabiriye gutera inkunga, ariko kurimbuka ntibyemereye kuzana gahunda yo gushyira mubikorwa. Amafaranga ya Mamontov yubatswe na Metropol Hotel na gari ya moshi ya Harosilavl basubiwemo. Savva yabonye amahirwe menshi mubumwe mumishinga yo gutegura imijyi nubushakashatsi.
Akswakov yaguzwe muri Sergey Akswakov umuyobozi yiyongereye kandi akungahaza. Ishuri, Itorero, Ibitaro, Ubusitani na Greenhouse byagaragaye hano, n'ikiraro gifite urugomero. Uruziga rw'ubuvanganzo n'ubuhanzi bw'abashyitsi b'umutungo wari uzwi na rubanda rusanzwe. Harimo abahanzi, abanditsi, abanyabugeni, abubatsi nabacuranzi.
Abramtsevo yakusanyije abahagarariye abahagarariye ubuzima bwumuco wigihugu. Imiterere yimitungo yatewe inkunga no gukora imirimo mishya hano. Ishusho yo Kwizera Mammoth "Umukobwa ufite amakara" Valentina Serov yabaye ikimenyetso cyahantu.
Nyuma yo gusenyuka kwa Savva, umutungo wose - imigabane, amazu, imishinga hamwe niterambere ryibintu byubuhanzi - byafashwe bigurishwa. Inzu muri Aburamu yagumye mu muryango, nk'umutungo w'uwo mwashakanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore wa Savva Mamontov yabaye Elizabeth Sapozhnikov. Kumenyera kwabo byabaye mugihe cyambere cya ruzinduko rwa rwiyemezamirimo mu Butaliyani. Umukobwa wumucuruzi watsinze yarahindutse ibirori byiza, yishimiye ababyeyi ba SAVA na we ubwe. Bidatinze, ubukwe bwabaye. Umugore yabyaye mamoti abana 5. Inyuguti zambere z'amazina yabo hamwe nizina rya Data. Sergey, Andrei, Vsevolod, Vera na Alexandra - bahamagaye abaragwa ba Panda.
Elizabeti yari ubugingo bwa manor. Umugore yakundaga uwo bashakanye, ariko imishinga myinshi ya Mamontov ntiyamworoheye. Ibirori byo kwizihiza iminsi mikuru, igenamigambi ridasanzwe n'imyambarire igendera ku ruzi, yakoreshejwe, nubwo umugore yasangiye ibyo akunda Sava. Ubuntu bwari ubugingo bwe. Mu myaka yashize, Elizabeti, yabyitayeho cyane yahawe idini kandi umujinya watangiye guhuza n'umugabo we. Mu muryango waho baroroheye.
Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Mamontov bwaganiriweho na gari ya Abramtsevo kandi ishyari. Hariho ibihuha kubijyanye nubusabane bwumugiraneza hamwe numukinnyi wakibanza Tatyana Lyubotovich. Amazimwe yaje mu muryango wa Mamontov, na bene wabo batangajwe no kugaragara kwabo. Elizabeth Mamontov yabaye hafi muri Aburamu, Savva atakaza urugomo rwe wahoze ari mwiza.
Yakunze gutongana ninshuti nabakunzi. Ahari ibyo peripetia byagize ingaruka ku iterambere ryibyabaye. ABangapers bavuga ko rwiyemezamirimo ryatanye. Ntatandukanije, yabuze ibihe bishobora guteza akaga mu bikorwa, kandi iyi niyo mpamvu yo guhomba.
Urupfu
Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwa Savva Mammoth yamaze munzu yumukobwa we. Umugore ntabwo yemeye kumuhuza, ariko abana bashyigikiye itumanaho. Abuzukuru babaye Ottaya wahoze ari rwiyemezamirimo. Yapfuye mu 1918. Impamvu y'urupfu yahawe umusonga. Wibagiwe na Patron yose yashyinguwe muri Abramusevo. Igihe cy'impinduramatwara cyatumye urupfu rwe rutagaragara, maze imva y'abagenerwaga yambikwa ikamba n'inzibutso.
Ubuzima bwumugiraneza bwuzuyemo ibyabaye no guhura nabyo, bihinduka ibintu bimeze neza. Filime za documents "Savva Ivanovich Mamontov" yazamuwe ku buzima bwe n'ibikorwa bye. " Reba kuri Worte ya Yalutorovskaya "hamwe na mini-serile" savva ". Umwanditsi Vladislav Bakhrevsky yasobanuye kugorwa byose hamwe na periputics y'ubuzima bwa Savva Mamontov mu gitabo cy'izina rimwe.