Ubuzima
Umuhanzi Theodor Zhkoko yabayeho ubuzima bugufi - imyaka 33 gusa. Imyaka mirongo nigice gusa cyasohotse mu guhanga, ariko muri iki gihe yashoboye cyane umubare w'abandi baremwe ku 40. Urupfu rwe rwabaye igihombo kinini ku buhanzi - ni we washinze urukundo rw'impinduramatwara mu gushushanya no kugaragarira muri gucukura ibyifuzo byose byo mu kinyejana cye.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Jean Louis Andre Theodore Zhriko yavutse mu 1791 i Kuriwa, mu muryango wa Bourgeois wateye imbere, ariko ubuzima bwe bwose bwamaranye i Paris. Padiri yari umunyacyubahiro cyangwa nyir'igihangange kandi afite imirima y'itabi mu majyepfo y'igihugu, kandi nyina yaturutse ku mucuruzi wubahwa. Yapfuye hakiri kare, kandi George-Nicola Beliko yagombaga gufata uburere bw'Umwana. Umusore wumuhanzi uzaza yaguye mugihe cyimpinduramatwara ikomeye yubufaransa, ariko ibyabaye byihuse muri iyo myaka byashize ababyeyi be.
Nkwumuryango wumuryango wicyubahiro, Theodore yagombaga kubona uburezi bwiza no gutambutsa igisirikare. Yize mu itsinda ry'abashyitsi kandi yarangije kuva ku isi. Umuhungu yavuganye cyane na nyirarume. Jean-Baptiste Karuel yakusanyije amajishwa na Masters andi mu Buholandi na Flamish, akenshi yafataga Theodore mu nzu ndangamurage kandi ashishikariza ishyaka rye ryo gushushanya. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushinga uburyohe kandi ibyo akunda umuhanzi - muri Whyuhiro yose zhriko yatekereje ku murimo wa Flemis avuga kandi ababaza ubwoko bw'intambara.
Gushushanya
Muri iyo myaka, uburyo bwa Ampir bwari mu myambarire mu Bufaransa, ariko iki cyerekezo gifite imico ye ntizikunda Thedore. Mu 1808, yatangiye kwigira ku burenganzira bwa Karl, icyo gihe wafatwaga nk'agategabikorwa azwi, kandi ayobowe na mwarimu, ashinga umurimo wa mbere ku nsanganyamatsiko ya gisirikare. Kuva kera, igishushanyo n'ibishushanyo n'ibishushanyo hamwe nintambara nishusho yamafarasi ari bibikwa.
Young Theodore yasunitse numuhungu we Verne Oras. Hamwe na mwarimu undi, yagiye kuri Louvre, Circus Franconi, yasuye ibihingwa by'imirima na Planpe. Mu mahugurwa ya Charles Zhkoko yamaze imyaka 2, nyuma ya Heero, umwe mu bashinze icyerekezo cyurukundo mubuhanzi, yagiye kwigisha Pierre.
Yashyizeho imbaraga nke mu gushinga ibyumba bye, ariko niho ibaruwa y'inyuguti Zhkoko yashizweho. Yakomeje kwera, mu myaka yakurikiyeho, akenshi yasuraga umushyitsi, yatumiwe kureba imirimo ye. Byongeye kandi, mu nzu ye Theodore yahuye na Eugene, hanyuma aba inshuti magara n'inama.
Bidatinze, Theodore yumva yiteguye guhanga amaso. Kuva 1811-1812, ibishushanyo 50 byabitswe na kamere yambaye ubusa, byagaragaje bwa mbere bwa mbere umutware - umukino utunguranye wumucyo nigicucu, ikinamico nimpagarara, ingufu.
Mu 1812, Zheriko yerekanye ifoto ya "Ishusho ya Liyetona M. D." ("Portrait ya Loatonne"). Nyuma, yagaragaye mu izina ritandukanye - "umupolisi w'ingabo z'ifarashi y'umurinzi w'ese, kujya mu gitero." Kuri yo, umuhanzi yerekanaga umurwanyi hagati yintambara: Ifarashi yera yahagaze ku birundo, imiterere ireba inyuma, ifata umwanda wambaye ubusa mu ntoki. Ishusho yabaye ibisubizo byumurimo ukomeye: ibishushanyo 20 byabitswe, kandi birazwi ko iki ari igice gito cyo kugerageza.
Nyuma y "umusirikare ..." Theodore Zheriki yamenyekanye mu bidukikije. Intsinzi y'urugamba yamusunitse mu gushyiraho amashusho y'ishusho, ariko ntabwo yashimishijwe cyane n'imigambi n'intambara, mbega ihererekanyabubasha ku mashusho y'abapolisi n'abasirikare. Imirimo ntabwo yari amabwiriza yemewe, nuko Zlariko yumvise bwisanzuye kandi yashoboye gushora iyerekwa rye. Biragaragara, banditsena nabantu bafatika, ariko Theodore yagerageje kwirinda guhura numuntu ku giti cye, gushaka ibintu bisanzwe.
Ibiremwa bishya byatanzwe mu kabari mu 1814, nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa Napoleon, maze mbabutsa ibihe bisohoka. Mumurikagurisha, mu zindi mashusho, abanditsi bahisemo insanganyamatsiko zidafite aho zibogamiye, urukurikirane rwe ntirwigeze rugirira akamaro. Intsinzi yumurimo we wa mbere ntabwo yasubiwemo - abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi barashobora kwirengagiza imirimo ya Zhriko, cyangwa babisubiza mu mvugo. Igikorwa kizwi cyane cyurukurikirane "Umukomeretsa Kirassir, kuva ku rugamba" yanenzwe uburyohe, uburangare no kutubabaza.
Nyuma yo kunanirwa guhanga, umuhanzi ukiri muto yahisemo guhindura ubuzima bwe, nuburyo butunguranye. Ndetse n'abanditsi ba biografiya yemewe ntibashobora gusobanura ibyo noneho yayobowe mubikorwa bye. Gutungurwa ninshuti nabawe, Thedore, mbere yibyo, serivise yiyizeye yizeye, yinjiye muri sosiyete ya musketeer. Yagiye aherekeza umupaka wa Louis Xviii, wazigamye indege mu minsi ijana, nyuma ya Zheriko ubwe yagombaga kwimukira muri Normandy, yitwaza ko ari umuhinzi. Ngaho, umuhanzi yagumye kugeza hagati hagati ya 1815 agasubira ku kazi, atangira gusubiramo ibyatangaje by'ibishushanyo bishya.
Kimwe n'abaremwe benshi bo muri icyo gihe, Zhriko yashakaga gusura Ubutaliyani, wafatwaga nk'itubumbaro n'imigenzo nziza. Nta mafaranga ahagije y'urugendo, ariko bidatinze yagiye ahindukirira amahirwe yo kubona igishushanyo cy'inkike z'inzu i Ville-Kotra. Yagiye mu Butaliyani yihutira no mu mibereho yababaye, nyirabayazana y'ibibazo mu buzima bwabo bwite.
Umuhanzi yamaze umwaka mu kindi gihugu, nyuma asobanuye ko ari "abababaro kandi birababaje." Duhereye ku guhanga, igihe cyashize umusaruro: Zhkoko yasuye ibintu byinshi, yanditse ahantu henshi, yashushanyije ibintu bizwi cyane muri Santa Maria no gukundana n'ikintu gifatika, ariko inyota y'ikintu Epic kandi kinini cyakomeje kuba kidahujwe.
Kuva mu Butaliyani, Theodore yazanye igitekerezo cy'urupapuro "urujijo" jellyfish ", cyeguriwe iki gice giteye agahinda mu mateka y'Abafaransa - Urupfu rw'agatonyanga mu birwa bya Canary. Umuhanzi yegereye ibyaremwe by'igihangano cye: yakusanyije ibimenyetso byakusanyirije, byabonetse kandi asaba ababyiboneye, soma igitabo kivuga ibyabaye. Muri iki gihe, yakundaga gusura ibimenyetso byo kwandikira ikirere n'inyanja et etidi, ndetse no kwerekana neza imitwe yapfuye ku ishusho, ndetse ikanashirizwa muri studio ikintu nk'imikino ya anatomique.
"Urukiko" rwa Medusa "rwakiriye isuzuma rivugururwa ry'abaturage n'abanengwa. Ku ruhande rumwe, biragaragara ko byari akazi keza, wanduza neza ikinamico y'ibihe. Ku rundi ruhande, abahanga mu by'amateka b'abanyabuhanzi bagaragaje muri canvas imva yo mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, patte ikabije n'ubukonje bw'irangi.
Mu 1821 umuhanzi yagiye mu Bwongereza, aho yatuye mu muryango wa Adam Elhon, umucuruzi w'ifarashi. Yayobowe, asubira mu ngingo yakundaga cyane yanditse umurimo wo "gusiganwa muri EPPMA", aho yerekanaga abagendera ku bakinnyi 4 bava inyuma y'icyatsi kibisi no mu bicu byijimye. Iyi ni imwe mu gihe cye cyuzuye-gihembwe mugihe zhkoko yahaye ibyo akunda ashushanya nabarabara.
Imyaka yanyuma yumuhanzi yaranzwe nishusho nyinshi, yerekanye neza leta yahenze: "Umukecuru, yibwira ko ari komanda", " Aya mashusho afatwa nkikimenyetso cyibishushanyo byigifaransa cya XIX, ariko, usibye ubuhanga bwo kwicwa, bigira ingaruka kubarebana na drama yabo no kwiheba.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kubyerekeye urukundo ukunda umuhanzi azi gato. Ntiyigeze arongora, kandi mu bana be, yari afite umuhungu utagendanwa gusa, imbuto z'ihuriro rito n'umugore we, nyirarume, Alexandrina Clayel. Roman ntabwo yazanye Zerik umunezero, ku rundi ruhande, yateye isoni gusa no kwihana no kwihana.
Umwana wavutse agomba kujya mu buhungiro, nyina yihutira kuva Paris, kandi umuhanzi mu kimenyetso cy'akababaro yasangiye umutwe kandi afungira mu mahugurwa. Theodore yari afite amahirwe yo kuva mu Butaliyani, yihutira kujya mu gushakisha amahoro yo mu mwuka, ariko ikinamico y'umuntu yari ahangayitse mbere y'iminsi.
Urupfu
Umuhanzi yari afite imyaka 33 gusa, ariko ubuzima bwe bwari bwifashe nabi cyane. Usibye indwara, imiterere yakongejwe n'imvune zabonetse mugihe cyo kugenda.
Impamvu y'urupfu rwe rwose ntabwo izwi, kuri kimwe mu byo byahinduye, habaye ikindi kugwa ku ifarashi - Zhriko yabonye igitero gikomeye ku rusengero. Shebuja yapfiriye i Paris ku ya 26 Mutarama 1824. Ibikorwa bye bibitswe mu nzu ndangamurage ya Louvre na Rouen, hari amashusho menshi mu cyegeranyo cya Hermitage.
Gushushanya
- 1812 - "Umupolisi w'ingabo z'amafarashi y'abarinzi b'imiryango, bajya mu gitero"
- 1817 - "Iruka Amafarashi Yubusa i Roma"
- 1817 - "Isoko rishinzwe kuyobora"
- 1817 - "Abacakara bahagarika ifarashi"
- 1817 - "Taming bykov"
- 1814 - "Gukomeretsa Kirassir ava ku rugamba"
- 1818 - "Imitwe Yafashwe"
- 1818-1819 - "PEMP" Memusa "
- 1819 - "Guhaguruka"
- 1819-1822 - "Portrait ya Kleptana"
- 1820 - "Ubwato bwo mu bwato"
- 1821 - "Ifarashi mugihe cy'inkuba"
- 1821 - "Irushanwa muri EPHso"
- 1822-1823 - "Lime Gutwika Itanura"
- 1823 - "Amafarasi abiri y'iposita"