Ubuzima
Alexey Savrasov - Igicapo cy'amazu mu gishushanyo cy'Uburusiya, umuntu ufite iherezo rikomeye. Ibikorwa bye ni ibisigo kuburyo basa nkigisigo cya kera, kwandika kuri canvas. Geniya yasengaga abigishwa, abari aho basomye ijambo rishya mu buhanzi, ahubwo ni ukuvuga umuryango, ubusinzi n'ingorane z'umubiri hamwe n'ingorane z'umubiri ziyobowe n'umuhanzi imperuka.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Hafi yimyaka yambere mumibereho ya Alexei KondraTevich azi bike. Ni Moskvich kavukire. Yavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1830 mu muryango w'abacuruzi uba ku butaka bwa Zamoskvorechye.
Se wa Kondrati Arte somyevich yakoraga haberdisher arota ko abana bazaragwa imitsi yubucuruzi. Numuvandimwe wa Nadezhda, Nikolay, warazwe ubucuruzi bwumuryango bwemewe nababyeyi bafite ibyiringiro. Ukuri gushimishije - kugeza ku ya 50, Umuhanzi yandikaga izina rye nka Data - binyuze kuri "O", Engwa, ariko nyuma "Yashubije". Rero, hamwe na bashiki bacu borewe kandi amazina yumuvandimwe yakwirakwira.
Umuhungu yabaye kare ashimishijwe nubuhanzi buboneka. Ahagana kuri 12, yashushanyijeho ibarahizara na gouache ahantu nyaburanga yicyerekezo cyurukundo. Imirimo yakozwe numwangavu yashimiwe nkibikorwa nyabyo byubuhanzi kandi yishimira kugura kumuhanda wa mbere wa mbere wabonye ibyiringiro kugirango yunguke, yishimye. Ibintu byose byahindutse kuva umusore Alexey yatangaje icyemezo cyo kwigira ku muhanzi no kwinjiza ishuri rya Moscou yo gushushanya no gushushanya (umuziki).
Senovas Senovas yarwanyije cyane guhitamo Umwana, mu 1844 yatsinze ibizamini byo kwinjira maze aba umunyeshuri. Habayeho guhanwa hamwe na rubibi, ababyeyi batishimiye ndetse n'ubunyage muri atike. Kubura k'umusore mu masomo mu bagabo byasobanuwe n'impamvu z'umuryango.
Gusa bitewe no kubaho mu gihe cy'umunyeshuri ufite impano y'abarimu, abo bigana ndetse no guteza imbere umunyapolitiki.
Igishushanyo cyumugaragu mubuzima bwa Savrasov nibyingenzi. Abahawe impamyabumenyi ya St. Petersburg Ishuri ry'Ubuhanzi, ahantu nyaburanga, yamenyekanye mbere nk'umwarimu. Umwigisha w'amagambo yazamuye kandi ahumeke na Kamenev, Hertz, Amoni, Bocharov n'abandi benshi. Munsi ye yo gutangira, umuhanga wabanyeshuri yahishuwe - Savrasov ako kanya avuga nka phenomeni nshya muburusiya.
Gushushanya
Amashusho yaremye mumyaka yabanyeshuri yabonye kwemererwa kwabaturage na bagenzi bawe. Mu 1848, impano ye yagaragaye mu magambo yihariye y'abantu. Mu 1849, kimwe n'umwanditsi w'ibishushanyo byiza byabanyeshuri, atumira umurinzi wa likhache murugendo rwo guhanga mu majyepfo y'Uburusiya. Ibyerekeye imirimo yaremye mu buryo butangaje Urugendo, kunegura Nikolai Ramzanov yanditse:
"Ahantu h'ibintu bya Savrasova ... guhumeka neza, bitandukanye bityo, bikaba byashizwe n'umukaratsi w'irangi kubera gushyuha hamwe n'ibitekerezo bifatika kuri kamere."Mu myaka ya 1850, yashyikirije Inama Njyanama y'imirimo 2 y'abagabo: "Kureba Kremn Kremlin mu gihe cyo gucana ukwezi" n '"ibuye mu ishyamba ryo mu ishyamba", rifatwa nk'ifatizo rihagije ryo gutanga izina ry'umuhanzi .
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi biranga imirimo y'Umuremyi bitobora ibidukikije, bitangaje, byuzuyemo ubwenge. Yongeyeho imigenzo yurukundo, yongeyeho Convas Relativism, kudasobanura, kubabara.
"Gukurura" ubwiza bwishusho bwe yakunze kwihorera. Mu 1854, Umuganwakazi ukomeye Maria Nikolaevna yabonye kimwe mu bikorwa by'umwanditsi akanatumirwa kugura mu rugo rwa Sergievka, uherereye hagati y'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Brilliant: Oranienbaum na PeeteHof.
Urugendo ruzatanga umusaruro. Imirimo yanditse hano izazana igikombe cy'urubyiruko rw'imyaka 24, kandi "kureba hafi ya Oranienbaum" azishimira kugura pavel Tretyoko. Igihangano kizinjira kurutonde rwibimurika byambere byikusanyirizo ryikusanyijwe, aho ishusho ikomeje.
Mu 1858, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugaragu we yakundaga cyane, umuhanzi yerekeje mu cyiciro cy'abagabo. Abigishwa be bazaba ba shebuja b'indashyikirwa: Abavandimwe Korovny, Mikhail NesSerov. Umwuka w'ubusanzuye wategetse mu mahugurwa ya Savrasov, yirengagije indero kandi yemerera icyumba kuruta amaguru yemewe. Igor Grabar yaranditse ati:
"Savrasov yari azi gushishikariza abanyeshuri be, n'abo basegwaga ibidukikije bashishikaye, bafata mu ruziga rwa hafi, bakoze kugira ngo batagira amaboko no mu mahugurwa, ndetse no mu rugo, ndetse na kamere."
Nyuma yaho, ubwoko bwe bwamappagoge buzaba bumwe mu mpamvu zo kwirukana muri kaminuza hamwe n'ubusinzi. Ikirenga gihujwe no guhanga no kwigisha. Umwaka umwe nyuma yo kubonana, yanditse imwe mu mashusho meza - "ahantu nyaburanga hamwe n'umugezi n'umurobyi" (ubu yabitswe muri Riga).
Mu myaka ya za 60, yagize uruhare mu imurikagurisha ry'abagiraneza, yagenze mu Burayi, afatanije n'ubwanditsi hamwe na Vosily pukirev, yasohoye igitabo gishushanya. Ikamba ry'abahanga ryari "ikirwa cya Losina muri Sokolniki".
70 nabaye igihe gitangaje cyane mumwuga nigihe gikomeye mubuzima bwihariye bwumuhanzi. Agenda cyane. Kureka Moscow, igihe kinini abaho mu ntara. Igitekerezo gikomeye kuri Savrasov gitanga voka nibintu ahantu harenze uruzi rukomeye kandi rwuzuye. Yatanzwe na Carvase nyinshi, harimo "Burlaki ku musonga". Nibyiza ko nyuma yimyaka 2, canvas hamwe nizina rimwe izakora kuri Ilya idasanzwe.
Nubwo Savrasov afitanye isano no ku buryo bubi, umuhanzi yanditse kamere igihe cyose. Kurugero, mumurage w'umwanditsi akazi kenshi hamwe nizina rimwe "ahantu nyaburanga".
Mu 1871, yaranditse ati "Gracis yaranditse" - Ishusho izina rye ubu rifitanye isano iteka. Canvas yagaragaje bwa mbere mu imurikagurisha ry'ubufatanye bw'imurikagurisha rishinzwe ibihangano, umwe mu bashinze Savrasov. Ivan Kramskaya, agereranya canvas hamwe nibikorwa byabasotepolitiki, yaranditse
"Ibiti, amazi ndetse no mu kirere, ariko hariho ubugingo gusa muri" ascches "gusa."
Muri 80-90-x "intoki" z'umwanditsi yabaye impamo. Ibibazo by'inzoga byanduye, iyerekwa rikabije n'ubukene, aho umuhanzi yamaganye. Mu mirimo yigihe - "ahantu nyaburanga. Umudugudu wa Volnsky, "aho ibintu bidasanzwe kuri Savrasov - imiyoboro yo kunywa itabi, uruganda rushobora kuba.
Uburyo bushya bw'umwanditsi, reba kamere y'Uburusiya yabaye intambwe ikomeye mu mateka yo gushushanya, ijwi rye rivuye ku mutima ntabwo ari umurongo. Inyungu kumiterere no guhanga Savrasova biracyakomeye: Filime zakuweho, bandika ingingo zingenzi, bandika imurikagurisha, gushyira mu gaciro umurage ukize wumuhanzi mumaso yabakomokaho.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu muhanzi wa 1857 wahujwe nubukwe bwemewe na Sofiya Hertz, wari ufite mushiki winshuti ye na kaminuza. Mu bashakanye, abana 5 baravutse. 2 Mu bakobwa b'umuhanzi bapfuye bakiri bato, byamuteye kandi abashakanye bakubitwa nabi.
Mu 1876, bombi baratandukanye. Umugore yagiye mushiki we, afata abana, kandi mubuzima bwumuhanzi yatangiye igihe cyizerera. Byarinzwe n'inzoga, habaye kubaho kwa Vyschensky byari bitwaye, ubufasha bw'ubufasha bwatanzwe, bwahawe inshuti "kuva kera", urugero, Tretykov. Imyaka ibiri yahawe kwizera kwizera kandakuva. Kuva mu 1983 kugeza apfuye, yabanye na Catherine Morgunova, wamuhaye ibyiringiro by'umukobwa n'umuhungu Alexei, waje kuba umuhanzi ukomeye wa Soviet.
Urupfu
IMYAKA N'IKIBAZO BY'INGENZI KURI Inzinduko Yasutse Ubuzima bw'Umuhanzi. Yibagiwe abantu bose, mu 1897, yapfiriye mu bitaro by'abakene.
Babiri bari bahari kuri gurishwa: Icyiciro cya TretyAv n'umunyeshuri wa Lewitan, wasobanuye ba shebuja nkaya:
"Savrasova yagaragaye ahantu h'ibimenyetso no gukunda ubutaka butagira umupaka, kandi iyi ntabasha yashidikanywaho ntazigera yibagirana mu kigo cy'Uburusiya."Imva iherereye ku irimbi rya Vagankovsky.
Gushushanya
- 1850 - "Ibuye mu ishyamba muri SUPH"
- 1852 - "Umuseke mu kibaya"
- 1854 - "Reba hafi ya Oranienbaum"
- 1859 - "Ahantu nyaburanga n'Umurobyi"
- 1862 - "Bene ubwoko bw'Ubusuwisi"
- 1869 - "Ikirwa cya Losina muri Sokolniki"
- 1871 - "Burlaki ku musonga"
- 1871 - "GACCA yarahungiye"
- 1871 - "Ibigombo bya Perhersk hafi ya Nizhny Novgorod"
- 1873 - "Rass"
- 1875 - "Umukororombya"
- 1884 - "Kutuzov Umuyoboro mu Badohe"