Amateka y'inyuguti
Igitabo cyigitabo John R.r. Tolkina "Hobbit, cyangwa hariya kandi inyuma", hamwe ningabo nyinshi z'iyi nyandiko umuyobozi Per Jackson yambuye. Ikiyoka cya zahabu, amababa n'inkwi. Umugome mukuru - yahaye ubutunzi bw'igifu cyabayeho munsi y'umusozi wigunze, watwitse kandi arimbura umujyi wa Dale. Igihe igikombe gito cya GNOME, kiyobowe na Tolin Igikombe cya Tirn, cyagaragaye mu mitungo ya Snubug, harakandaga kurimbura umujyi, ariko muri uwo hantu yiciwe na Bard kuva mu rurimi rwa Dale .Amateka
Gukora ishusho yikiyoka c'ikiyoka, Tolkien yishingikirije ku byitegererezo bikwiye kuva ku bitabo bya Anglo-Saxon hamwe n'imigani ya Scandinaviya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Snubug afite ibintu byinshi bisanzwe hamwe nimiterere ya Islande "SUAGUE YEREKEYE VÖLLnda" na Dragon Fafen, hamwe nikiyoka riva muri Anglo-Saxon Epic Igisile Beowlf.
Kimwe nabandi bantu bazwi, indwara yubuvanganzo irapfa, nyuma yo gukoreshwa ku gikomere mugice cyumubiri. Disito na Bilbo Dialose ishingiye ku ihame rimwe niho ikiganiro cyikiyoka cya Fafnir hamwe nintwari ya Sigurd. Yaba Bilbo, Sigurd yitwa igisato cyamazina ye nyacyo kandi yivuga hamwe nubusambanyi. Na Fafenir, na Pogobi bagerageza guhindura imvugo, bigatera kutizerana.
Gutanga ibibajije kuri radiyo, Tolkien yavuze ko uko isi yasizwe rwose ifite Fafen, ariko hariho hagati yabo n'itandukaniro. Nk'uko umwanditsi abivuga, Maug - "umuserebanya gusa", naho Fafnir ari intwari ya antroporphic, yemeye gusa imiterere y'ikiyoka.
Isano ihwanye na Beowulf, nk'uko Tolkien yabivuze, byari ibintu bidasanzwe. Beowulf yari iyanditse isoko yingirakamaro kubitekerezo. Ariko byumwihariko ko igice cya Tibode aho Bilbo kuva mubutunzi bwikiyoka cyibye igikombe, cyateganijwe gusa kubibanza. Mu myumvire ya Tolkien, ikibanza cyo kwizihiza gusa umwanditsi wa Beowulf mu cyerekezo kimwe.
Imiterere, imyitwarire yimyitwarire nibiranga umunuko nkimico, ariko, bashinze imizi muri iyi msibo ya Anglo-Saxon. Tolkien yari umwarimu wururimi rwa Anglo-Saxon hamwe ninzobere kuri Beowulf, soma kuri iyi nyandiko.
Umurongo wa Plot wa Smube wubatswe ku karubanda nkumurongo wa dragon muri Beowulf. Imiterere iri kuri zahabu, ni umubare udasanzwe, umujura amena kumahoro ya kiyoka, kandi ikiyoka gihita kiva mu kirere. Muri icyo gihe, Tolkinovsky SCHUB afite imico yavuzwe, ntabwo ari ikimenyetso cyikigereranyo cyumururumba n'inyota yo kurimbuka.
Muri Beowullefa, urashobora gusanga igitekerezo cyubutunzi bwamagamye, gukoraho indwara ya dragon itera umururumba. Muri ubwo buryo, no muri "hobbit" - gutunga ubutunzi bwa dragon ntabwo byagaragaye neza muri GNOMEs.
Abashakashatsi bo mu guhanga rya Tolkien bazanye impinduka nyinshi za etymology yitiriwe "imyenzi". Imizi ya Faindo-Iburayi z'iri Jambo yabonetse, icyongereza cya kera icyongereza "- Wið Johéogan Wyrme, yubatse izina ry'ubwinshi mu nshinga ishaje" - Smjga .
Tolkien ubwe yanditse ko inshinga ya kera y'Ubudage ibiyobyabwenge byakoreshejwe nk'izina ry'ikiyoka muburyo bw'igihe cyashize - "yita mu mwobo," yita "urwenya rwo kudoda."
Mugihe ukora inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki ya "Hobbit", Tolkien yahinduye izina ryikiyoka. Muri verisiyo yo hambere, igisato cyitwa PriFFan, kuva muri Welsh "Rryftan" - "inzoka z'umuriro". Nyuma, usubiramo inyandiko igice cya mbere, Tolkien yahinduye izina ryikiyoka kuri smube.
Iherezo ry'ikiyoka naryo ryarahindutse. Muri Tolkien, impinduka zitandukanye zumurongo windy wabonetse. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, imizigo ya Bilbo yica ikiyoka asinziriye. Amaherezo, Tolkien yahagaritse kuri verisiyo izwi cyane igihe ikiyoka kipfiriye mu rugamba ku kiyaga kirekire.
Hano hari ibishushanyo byinshi byikaramu hamwe namashusho abiri arambuye ya smibe yakozwe na tolkin. Ibi bigereranyo byakoreshejwe mugihe cyo gukusanya ibyasohotse. By'umwihariko ukorwa muri tekinike y'amazi "Ikiganiro gifite ibara ry'umuyugubwe", aho ikiyoka kizahura n'ikirundo cya zahabu muri Gnome na Umururumba Guhobera umurizo wubutunzi.
"Hobbit, cyangwa inyuma n'inyuma"
Smug - Ikiyoka gitukura cya zahabu. Amazina "Zahabu", "biteye ubwoba", "azana gutungana" byongewe ku izina ry'intwari. Ushaka kwinginga ikiyoka (kandi kirekire), Bilbo mugihe cyibiganiro ibihembo byubunini nibindi bisobanuro bitazwi.
Mu nyandiko ya Tolkinov, umunyabwenge agaragara ko ikomeye, umururumba kandi iteye ishozi, nini mu kiyoka kizima. Kera mu myaka akiri muto, emulsion yari hejuru yubuyoze bwa metero eshanu, kandi amaherezo yegeraga metero 60 - ni ukuvuga 18 hamwe na metero nto. Ntabwo ari bike ugereranije no gusuzuma Jackson, ariko birenze bihagije kugirango ubangamire.
Smug azi kuguruka no guturika umuriro, igikundiro cyintwari ugereranije nububiko bwa taran, bugenzurwa nibihangange. Uyu murizo ukomeye ukoreshwa mu kwishora mubyo ukunda no ku gitina. Usibye imbaraga zidasanzwe z'umubiri, igisato gifite igikundiro. Ndashimira impeta yubumwe, ibyo akunda mugihe cyo kuganira hamwe nikiyoka cyakomeje kutagaragara. Bilbo ijisho rya Smaltan amukubita, Bilbo yumvaga icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kubwira ibisato byose no kwiyumvisha.
Intege nke za smash ni urukundo rwo kubaho. Intwari ntishobora kurwanya ibishuko byabo kugirango bikemure. Ituma bidatinze, yerekana ubwenge, ntabwo yihariye "iminsi mikuru." Gukomera gusebanya kandi bifite urwenya runaka. Ikiyoka Cyamavuna neza kandi kiganisha ikiganiro muburyo bwuhagarariye Icyongereza "Sosiyete Nkuru" - hamwe nubupfura bukabije. Kugira ngo ikizere cy'icyizere Bilbo kuri Satelite, igisato cyemeza ko ibyo bishyushye bikariganya ko ikintu cyose serivisi za Bilbo ntacyo zizakira kubikorwa bya "Hacker".
Ku nyandiko ya "Hobbit", Zahabu Zahabu yashenye ubwami bw'Umukobwa wo mu musozi wigunze, yazanywe n'ubutunzi bukabije bw'ubwo Bwami. Muri icyo gihe, ikiyoka cyasenye umujyi wa Dale, uhagaze hafi. Mu gitero cy'inyigisho z'inyiswa z'abakobwa, hamwe n'umwami n'abazungura be bakijijwe.
Nyuma, umuhungu wa Gnome Kilici yafashe icyemezo cyo kugarura ubutaka bwa se ndetse no mu muhanda, ariko umutware wijimye wa Sauron afata Gnome, afata igihome. Nyuma muri iki gihome ni wolsalf ya Wizard, bize muri gari ya moshi ipfa yerekeje kugaruka kwa Saireen mu nyanja ya Mediterane. Ibi byateje impungenge zidakenewe muri wizard ko Sauron ivuga ko Sauron yifuza gusubiza imbaraga, kandi mu bafatanyabikorwa bazafata igisato.
Nyuma, Gandalf yahuye na tollin, umuhungu wa gari ya moshi, kandi yemeza ko gutegura ubutumwa bwibanga kumusozi wigunze kugirango batsinde ubwami bwa Gnome, ariko icyarimwe ntibukita ikiyoka kumugaragaro. GAndalf yasabye kandi gufata ikipe ya Bilbo, kubera ko ikiyoka nticyahuye n'ibyo akunda mbere kandi ntazi uko kunuka, kandi birashobora gufasha mu bucuruzi.
Kugera mu mwanya, gnomes shakisha kwimuka rwihishwa. Bilbo yagiye mu bujyakuzimu bw'umusozi, aho isanga isanduku, kandi muri yo - gusinzira. Ngaho, ibyo akunda kwiba igikombe cya zahabu hanyuma uhitemo hamwe hanze, kuri dwarfs. Amagambo asobanutse arabyuka, asanga mu misozi mire yubutunzi, akaza kurakara. Ikiyoka cyatoranijwe mu isanduku no gushakisha umujura gushakisha ahantu hahanamye. Bilbo na Gnomes bihishe muri iki gihe, bityo pony esheshatu gusa ibona indogobe.
Ikiyoka gisubira munsi y'umusozi, kandi Bilbo yongeye kujya mu bubiko bw'Abasno, iki gihe gishyira impeta ya yose n amategeko kugira ngo abone itagaragara. Misile ntabwo abona Bilbo, ariko kuboneka kwa hobbit. Bilbo iganiriye n'ikiyoka, aho smag agerageza kumenya icyo iki gitero cyamuteye ku mutwe. Muri iki kiganiro, Bilbo yashoboye guhana mu ntwaro z'ikiyoka y'inereka, ivuga ko is abwira aba gno nyuma yo guhunga kumenagura.
Ikiyoka, Hagati aho, yongeye guhitamo mu buvumo bwa GNOME akagerageza guhangana n'itwaga ku musozi, hanyuma iguruka mu mujyi wa Escorot ku kiyaga kirekire. Bilbo mugihe cyo kuganira yashoboye "guhuza" amakuru ya Dragon ko abatuye Essharost bari bafite ubufasha bwa Gnomam mugihe cyo kwihorera, kandi umunuko wifuza kwihorera abo bantu.
Muri Escot, igisato cyateje kurimbuka kwinshi maze gutunganya umuriro, ariko ntirwabonye umwanya wo kurimbura burundu. Ba capitaine abarashi bo mu bwoko bwa nyagasani wa Dale bakubise ubunini ahantu hashobora kuba umwambi udasanzwe waganiriweho. Ikiyoka gipfuye cyagwa mu mujyi bityo rero, kivuga ikindi kindi cyarokotse.
Gukingira
Muri Trilogy "Hobbit", umuyobozi Peter Jackson yakuyeho kwizera izina rimwe Tolkina, ishusho ya kiyoka yaremye maze avuga ko umukinnyi w'Ubwongereza Benedigito ya Benedigito cumberbatch.
Yaremye ukoresheje animasiyo ya mudasobwa, ikiyoka "kiza mubuzima" tubikesha ikoranabuhanga "gufatana" - gufatwa "- gufatwa mumaso no kugenda. Ikoti idasanzwe hamwe na sensor hamwe ningofero hamwe na kamera ifatanye numukinnyi kuri kamera. Muri iki bikoresho, umukinnyi yakoze ingendo z'ikiyoka, kandi kamera icyo gihe yashyizeho isura yo mu maso, icyo gihe cyashyikirijwe inuma. Nkigisubizo, imyitwarire n'imiterere yikiyoka, abo bareba kureba kuri ecran, baremwe mumikino yo gukora kurwego rumwe na animasiyo ya mudasobwa. Smug abwira ijwi rya Cumberbet, ni ubuhe "odoradoni" n'ingaruka zumvikana.
Tolkinovsky Spaar kuva kera yabaye igitabo cya Dragon mubitabo bya dragon mubuvanganzo bwa kijyambere nubuhanzi, bityo ikibanza kitoroshye - cyo gukora ishusho igoye - zidashobora gusa na firime imwe yaremye mbere ndetse birenze bose. Mu gihe cy'iterambere, ibitekerezo byinshi by'ubusa byasabwe, bitandukanye. Muri bo harimo kure cyane yo kwerekana kera, urugero, rushingiye ku ishusho y'umutwe w'inyundo.
Amahitamo yatoranijwe kugirango arusheho gusobanuka kwari "uruvange rudasanzwe rwingona n'inzoka." Hejuru muri ubu buryo, abashushanya bakomeje gukora byinshi, kubera iyo mpamvu, ntabwo yakoraga nkigisubizo, abamuteze amatwi babona muri firime. Ikiyoka cyari kinini cyane, metero magana abiri na kimwe cya kabiri, kandi izi ndege ebyiri za Boeing-747. Birenze ubwenge mu nkuru ya Tolkien.
Filime eshatu z'urukurikirane rw'ibyo bakundaga zasohotse kuva 2012 kugeza 2014. Iyi ni "Hobbit: Urugendo rutunguranye", "Hobbit: Smaltan imyanda" na "Hobbit: Intambara y'Abasirikare batanu."