Ubuzima
Bertrand Russell numuntu wa filozofiya uzwi cyane w'Ubwongereza, umunyapolitiki, uwanditse imirimo ya ProSaic. Yahamagariye aba mahoro, yari umufana wo kutemera Imana kandi ateza imbere Theses. Ku nkuru y'abahanga muri logique y'imibare, filozofiya n'inyigisho z'ubumenyi. Abashakashatsi bahamagaye Berran Russell mu bashinze Amavuko y'Ubwongereza na NEOPOSITISTISM.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ry'umuhungu, ryagaragaye mu muryango wa Aristocs Russell ku ya 18 Gicurasi 1872 - Bertrand Arthur William Russell. Yavukiye muri Trelleck, intara ya Moncortmautshire, mumitungo ya Ravevenskrift. Se w'umwana yari umuhungu wa Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza n'umuyobozi w'ishyaka rya Vigi. Abavandimwe b'umuhanga mu kasho kazoza batandukanye mu burezi n'imiterere muri sosiyete. Ubwiyomyi bwari mu maraso ya Russell, avuga ku mugaragaro ibibazo by'intambara n'isi.
Se wa Russell, Nyiricyubahiro Aboss, yari umwe mu bapfumu ba Healifism, yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 19 maze amenyekana mu kinyejana cya 20. Bertrand yabaye poropagandiste yibitekerezo nibitekerezo bya Data. Nyina kandi yari inshuti yo kwiyoroga kandi aburanishwa uburenganzira bw'abagore ku rubanza rwiza. Aba nyuma bazanye uburakari bw'umwamikazi Victoria.
Ababyeyi ba Berrtran Russell bapfuye afite imyaka 2. Hanyuma akurikira urupfu rwa mushiki wa mushiki wawe. Hamwe na barumuna be bombi, umuhungu yagumye yita kuri nyirakuru-None. Yahaye abuzukuru afite uburezi buhebuje ashimira ba guverineri rw'amakuba. Inyigisho zo muri Aristokarasi, isomero rinini kandi abarimu bafite impano bagize imyumvire y'abana. Bertrand yerekanye ko ashimishijwe nimibare kandi akenshi yatangaje nyirakuru nyirakuru, afite umwanya utemera Imana. Mu 1889, kubera imyaka 17, Bertrand yabaye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza y'Ubutatu i Cambridge.
Mu 1894, yakiriye ibihangano. Yatwarwaga na George Edward ya George Edward Mura, Russell yize ko anzehogo ku mirimo ya John Logke na David Yuma. Mu 1895, Bertrand yabaye umwe mu bagize umuryango wa siyansi muri kaminuza, maze mu 1897 yarangije impamyabuta yitwa "ku shingiro rya geometrie".
Abarusiya babaye amashuri, Russell yabaye Adyine w'icyubahiro cy'Ubwongereza kandi ajyana mu bucuruzi muri Paris. Hanyuma asura Berlin, aho ibikoresho byakusanyirijwe mu mirimo ya mbere "demokarasi y'Ubudage", cyasohotse mu 1896. Ingendo zakomeje gusurwa muri Amerika zirangira gusubira mu Bwongereza, aho Bertrand Russell yashyikirije inyigisho ze za Cambridge mu gitabo "Kunegura kunegura filozofiya ya laberty".
Reba na Filozofiya
Mu 1900, Bertrand Russell mu mwarimu wa Trinity College Shitehead yabaye umunyamuryango wa Kongere ya filozofiya yabereye i Paris. Yasomye umurimo wa filozofiya ya Gotoba na Juseppe Perano, wize loratique, yashyizeho igitabo cye cyitwa "amahame yimibare". Yasohotse mu 1903. Akazi kazanye ibyamamare.
Ubushakashatsi mu murima wa kimwe mu mibare na Logique Umwanditsi yakomeje mu gihe kuva 1910, hanyuma ashyiraho inyandiko z'imibare itatu y'imibare "y'imibare minini", yandikwa ku bufatanye nagambaye. Abahanga biyejeje ko filozofiya isobanura siyanse karemano yose, kandi logique ihinduka urufatiro rw'ubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose. Batandukanije filozofiya iva mu myitwarire na tewolojiya, bikubiyemo gusesengura ibintu. Mu gihe Russell n'Umuzungu washyizwe mu kaga, kubera ko bigerwaho n'ukuri, mu gihe ibindi byose bikomeje kubandikwa, bityo rero birakeka.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Russell yakomeje gutekereza ku buryo bwuzuye maze yemeje ko ubwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya ukuri. Mu 1904, yasuzumye i Harvard hanyuma aratangasohoka afite igitabo cyihariye. Umuhanga yamenye ko ahari kwivuguruza muri logique atangira kujya impaka ku ruhare rw'imyuka n'ibimenyetso by'uburambe muri filozofiya.
Russell yitondera politiki. Amaze kubana n'umugore wa "societe ya Fabian" na mugenzi wa societe, yarwaniye uburinganire bw'abagore mubibazo byamatora. Mu 1910, Bertrand yatorewe kandidatire ye kuva mu Ishyaka riharanira uharanira uharanira inyungu. Ntiyabonye inkunga yifuzwa, kubera ko abashyigikiye ibitekerezo by'umuhanga muri sosiyete bari bake, kandi imyifatire ye ku idini yavuguruye icyo gihe.
Kuva mu 1916, Russell yari mu ishyirahamwe "Gusaba kujya mu gisirikare" kandi yanditse ibitabo "Amahame yo kwiyubaka mu mibereho", "Intambara n'Ubutabera", "Ibikorwa bye byaciwe na gato kugeza igihe filozofiya yaciwe Kandi ntibashyizwe muri gereza bazira agakiza kurwanya ibihano byo kwanga gukorera mu gisirikare.
Icyubahiro gikennye cyo kwirukanwa kuva muri kaminuza y'Ubutatu, umwarimu we yari Bertrand. Isomero rye ryagurishijwe kwishyura ihazabu, kandi guverinoma yabujije iva muri Amerika gusomwa ibiganiro i Harvard.
Russell ntiyaretse ibitekerezo bye ndetse no ku bitangaza mu 1918 yari muri gereza Brikston, aho yanditse "intangiriro ya filozofiya y'imibare". Abateranshuro bo mu 1920 baranzwe no gutangaza "gusesengura ibitekerezo", "gusesengura ibitekerezo", "ibishishwa bifitanye isano," basesengura ". Abasosiyalisiti babona ko umuhanga yahawe impamyabumenyi nyuma yo kumenyana na Trotsky, Gorky na Lenin mu 1920.
Mu gusura Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Russell yanenze ubutegetsi mu gitabo "Theory na imyitozo ya Bolshevism." Urugendo rwakurikiyeho muri Aziya rwazanye uburambe bwo kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Beijing no gushyiraho umurimo bita "ikibazo cy'Ubushinwa". Kuva mu 1924 kugeza 1931, umuhanga yasomye ibiganiro muri Amerika.
Muri icyo gihe, ibibazo mpuzamahanga byarashimishijwe. Umwanditsi yahuje mu bitabo "Ubwisanzure n'umuryango, 1814 ... 1914" Ni izihe nzira zigana ku isi? "," Imbaraga: Isesengura rishya. " Kuva mu 1935, Bertrand russell babaga muri Amerika kandi basuzumwa muri kaminuza ya Chicago na Californiya. Ibitekerezo bye by'igihote byatsinzwe nyuma yo gutera Abanazi, byabereye muri Polonye mu 1939.
Umuhanga wakoze igisubizo cya gisirikare kandi kubera ibi ntabwo yari akunzwe muri Amerika. Ntiyemerwaga n'abahagarariye abayobozi b'amadini n'abagize Inama y'Umujyi, bahatirwa gusubiza ishyirwaho rya Porofeseri ya Russell wa Filozofiya muri kaminuza ya New York.
Kugaruka mu 1944 mu rukuta rwa College ya Kavukire, Bertsrand Russell yakomeje gukorwa na leta, asoma ibikorwa bya leta, asoma ibiganiro kuri radiyo maze aba nyir'itegeko "kubera agaciro". Byasohotse mu 1950 "Inyandiko idahwitse" yakiriye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu bitabo. Russell yirengagije amahirwe yo gutanga ijambo ryerekeye kwakira igihembo.
Ibikorwa by'imibereho
Umurwanyi w'amahoro, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yagize uruhare mu kwigaragaza kandi yari Perezida w'inama zitandukanye. Imenyekanisha ry'abashoramari ba Russell-Einstein ryafashije gushyiraho ibirego by'imikorere y'abapayisizi. Kuva mu 1954, yakinnye intwaro za kirimbuzi, kuva icyo gihe ibisasu bya hydrogen byageragejwe. Russell yari umwe mu bagize kugenda no "komite 100".
Mu 1959, yavumbuye umwanya we mu kiganiro n'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere. Yashaje cyane ku rukuta rw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ndetse yagiye muri gereza. Mu 1962, Russell yanditse abakuru b'ibihugu, John Kennedy na Nikita Khrushchev, ku bijyanye n'imishyikirano y'amahoro ku kibazo cy'amahoro ku kibazo cya Karayibe.
Kusohoka muri "Komite 100" mu 1963, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yibanze ku bikorwa by'urufatiro rwa Atlantike y'isi kandi umuryango wacyo bwite urwanya isinga ya kirimbuzi. Yakusanyije muri komisiyo ishinzwe kurwanya intambara ku nkunga y'izindi mibare rusange. Uyu muryango wamenyekanye ku mugaragaro Amerika na nyirabayazana wa missa wa Gisirikare muri Vietnam. Russell yarwanyaga gutabara, kandi kandi yamaganye igitero cya Cekosolovakiya, cyabaye mu 1968.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bigaragara ko biografiya ya Byrran Russell yahujwe gusa nibikorwa bya siyanse kandi byimibereho-politiki, ariko filozofi ntiyibagiwe ubuzima bwe bwite. Abashakashatsi bavuga izina rye bagize uruhare kurutonde rwabakunzi bazwi mu binyejana byanyuma, kandi hari ibyemezo. Umwanditsi yashakanye inshuro 4, kandi umubare wa nyirabuja urakomeye.
Alice Smith yabaye Russell ya mbere yatowe, uwo aziranye na we muri kaminuza y'Ubutatu mu myaka y'abanyeshuri. Afite 22, Bertrand yashakanye na Alice, ariko imyumvire yabo yubuzima bwumuryango ntabwo yahuje. Kwibeshya kwibyishimo mumuryango, byaremwe nabashakanye, byasenyutse igihe byerekejwe numugore we, Whitehead. Imbere ya Passigue yatumye ubutane, kandi mu 1910 urukundo rushya rwatuye mu mutima wumuhanga. Yakuruwe na Ottolin Morlal, uwo bashakanye mu bagize inteko. Umubano wahise ugenda, uhagarara ku cyiciro cyandikirwa, kandi Russell yavumbuye isi y'ibitabo bishya.
Mu 1914, muri Amerika, Bertrand, yahuye n'umukobwa wo kubaga Helen Dudley maze amutumira ngo asure Ubwongereza, ariko ko umukobwa yari asanzwe mu mibanire na irin cooper. Mu 1916, yarwanye n'umurimo wubatse witwa Constance Maleson maze abaye gatatu mu mibanire ye nuwo bashakanye. Gushyikirana n'umuhanzi byashyigikiwe n'imyaka 30.
Mu 1921, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yashakanye na dore umukara, umunyamabanga, yamuherekeje mu rugendo rwo mu Burusiya. Yabyaye Berran umuhungu n'umukobwa. Guhitamo ishuri kubana, abashakanye bahisemo kurema ikigo cyabo bwite cyafunguwe mu 1927. Ibitekerezo bijyanye no gushyingirwa n'imiryango yahunze umwanditsi muri iki gihe, yagaragaje mu gitabo "Abashakanye n'imyitwarire".
Ubumwe bwa Russell n'umukara byari bigufi. Umuhanga yashimishijwe cyane na Joan Misal kandi agizwe na yo mu mibanire yimyaka 3. Mu 1936, ubukwe bwakozwe n'Umwigisha w'abana be, Patricia Spencer. Itandukaniro riri hagati yabashakanye yari afite imyaka 40. Umuryango wabaga muri Amerika. Umugore yabyaye umuhungu wa Berran, ariko ubu bukwe ntabwo bwari intambwe yanyuma mubuzima bwumwanditsi.
Mu 1952, yahukanye n'umugore we ku bw'umugore we n'umwanditsi Edith. Bumvikanye hashingiwe ku myumvire imwe y'imibereho-politiki: Hamwe na hamwe yagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo, bagendeye mu Burayi kandi bakora ibikorwa byo kurwanya intambara.
Urupfu
Bitandukanye n'abayoboke benshi b'amagambo y'urukundo rwubuntu, Beterrand Russell atihishaga ibitekerezo bye, avuga ayo magambo n'amagambo n'ibitabo bye. Gukurura ukuri no kwizerana umubano, yaba inyangamugayo hamwe numukunzi we mukundwa, bityo ubuzima bwe bwa nyuma bwubuzima bwe bwamaranye umuntu wishimye. Imyaka yashize Bertrand Russell yabaga mu majyaruguru wa Wales, avugana nabana n'abuzukuru.
Umuhanga yapfuye ku ya 2 Gashyantare 1970. Impamvu y'urupfu yari ibicurane. Ubudahangarwa bwa filozofiya bugeze mu za bukuru ntabwo byahanganye n'indwara.
Umurage w'umwanditsi ufite imirimo myinshi yakoranye inkuru ya filozofiya, kandi ifoto yerekana siyanse kandi rusange izuza impapuro z'ibitabo by'ibitabo bigezweho.
Bibliografiya
- 1903 - "GUSENGA UMUNTU WUBUNTU"
- 1910 - "Ibibazo bya Filozofiya"
- 1012 - "Essence y'Idini"
- 1914 - "Mysticism na logique"
- 1922 - "ARTH TEK"
- 1925 - "Ubuzima mumyaka yo hagati"
- 1935 - "Iyobokamana na siyanse"
- 1936 - "Hoba hariho ubuzima nyuma y'urupfu?"
- 1938 - "Ibyo nabukaga kw'amadini"
- 1945 - "Amateka ya Filozofiya y'Iburengerazuba"
- 1948 - "Kubaho kw'Imana"
- 1953 - "Ingaruka Z'Ubumenyi kuri Sosiyete"
- 1987 - "Kuki ntari umukristo"