Ubuzima
Adolf Eichman numunyapolitiki wumudage-Auterikiya, OmparshianFührrer SS numwe mubateguye ishami rya jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, umuyobozi w'ishami rikuru rya jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. Amateka yubuzima, umwuga wa politiki nurupfu muri Eichman yasobanuwe muri firime ya documentaire yumuyobozi wumutaliyani Feruzcio Valerio "Ubugingo Bwubugome".Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Otto Adolf Eichman yavutse ku ya 19 Werurwe 1906 mu mujyi wa Solidani w'Ubudage mu muryango w'abaporotesitanti ya Calvine. Ababyeyi be bari Adolf Carl Eichman, wakoraga nk'umucungamari, na Mariya amasuka, umugore wo mu rugo.
Mu 1913, se yimukiye mu mujyi wa Links wa Linz afata umwanya w'umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi wa "Sosiyete y'amashanyarazi", abo mu muryango basigaye, uwo bashakanye ndetse n'abana 5 baza aho ari umwaka. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore we mu 1916, Adolf Eichman-Sr. Yahujije ishyingiranwa na Zarzel, abaporotesitanti bihaye Imana hamwe n'abahungu babiri.
Umuhungu yasuye amashuri yisumbuye ya Leta i Linz, agira uruhare mu muziki maze agira uruhare mu marushanwa ya siporo, yari umunyamuryango wa club y'inzani n'indi miryango y'urubyiruko. Kubera imikorere mibi, yirukanwe ku ishuri ayiha ishuri ryumwuga ko atarangije.
Nyuma y'amezi make, Eliichman yakoraga i Sliazburg, ku nshyihre yabonetse na Data, hanyuma aba umugurisha muri Oberösterrereischeche ya radiyo ya radiyo. Kuva mu 1927, umusore yari umukozi wakarere ka sosiyete ya peteroli ya peteroli.
Muri kiriya gihe, Adolf yinjiye muri "Ubumwe bw'urubyiruko bwaho" kandi ashishikajwe no gusoma ibinyamakuru byatanzwe n'Ishyaka rya Nazi (NSDAP), urubuga rwacyo rushingiye ku iseswa rya Repubulika, banga ibisabwa muri Vorsailles, bikabije Anti-Semitism na Anti-bolshevism.
Igikorwa cya politiki
Ku nama y'umuryango, Entman Kaltenbrunner Eichman yinjiye mu ishami rya Otirishiya rya Nsdap ku ya 1 Mata 1932. Umucungamutungo we SS-starte 37 yari ashinzwe umutekano w'icyicaro gikuru cy'Ishyaka i Linz no kuherekeza ku bavugizi b'Abanazi ku myigaragambyo. Nyuma y'amezi make nyuma yo gufatwa n'igihugu mu ntangiriro z'igihugu mu ntangiriro ya 1933, Eichman yatakaje akazi mu mavuta ya vacuum, kandi muri Otirishiya arabumbura Nsdap. Ibi bintu byahindutse kuri biografiya ya Eichman, wahisemo gutoroka muri Otirishiya agasubira mu Budage.
Muri Kanama 1933, Adolf yatojwe mu nkambi y'indege z'ibitero i Klosterlehfeld, yahise atura ku mupaka wa Pastau ku mutwe w'itsinda ry'abasosiyali bo muri Otirishiya mu Budage no kwinjiza magendu muri Otirishiya. Mu mpera z'Ukuboza, ubwo iki gice cyasheshwe, Eikhman yazamutse kugira ngo adashyira imbere.
Mu 1934, Abanazi bakiri bato bemeye muri SD bashyiraho ibyo batangaga ku makuba basezera mu ndangamurage y'ingoro ndangamurage y'Ubwami, kandi mu mezi atandatu yahinduwe mu ishami ry'Abayahudi. Eichman yahawe amabwiriza yo gucukumbura ingendo za zioniste kandi batange raporo ku mashyirahamwe. Yize Aza Igiheburayo na Yidisha maze aba "inzobere mu bibazo by'Abayahudi." Nazi w'Ubudage yakoresheje uburyo bw'urugomo n'ubukungu by'ubukungu kugira ngo ashishikarize Abayahudi kuva mu Budage ku cyifuzo cyabo.
Mu 1937, Unittershurmücher Eichman yaherekeje Hebert Hagen mu gihe urugendo rwo muri Palesitine. Intego y'uru ruzinduko ni ugusuzuma amahirwe yo kwimuka ku bushake Semite muri iki gihugu. Inshingano zarananiranye kubera ko Abanazi banze gutanga viza. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, intumwa z'Ubudage zateraniye i Kairo hamwe n'umuyobozi wa Hagan, umuryango wa Zionist wo munsi y'ubutaka, washyigikiraga igitekerezo cyo kongera umubare w'abayahudi muri Palesitine.
Mu 1938, Eikhman yoherejwe muri Otirishiya kugira ngo afashe mu kwimuka kw'Abayahudi avuye mu gihugu, yabaye igice cya Reich cya gatatu, maze aha umutwe wa CC-Obrphirm. Amaze kuva i Vienne mu mpera z'impeshyi yo mu 1939, Abayahudi bagera ku 100 bava muri Otirishiya bava muri Otirishiya ku butegetsi, ndetse barushaho kujyanwa mu buryo butemewe na Palesitine n'ahandi.
Nyuma y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yo ku ya 1 Nzeri 1939, Politiki y'Ubudage, yahindutse ku Buyuda bw'Abayahudi, yahindutse kuva abimukira ku bushake kugira ngo birukanwe ku gahato. Bagombaga gukusanyirizwa mu migi ya Polonye hamwe n'amacakubiri asanzwe kandi bohereze mu turere bagenzurwa n'Ubudage. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, byashizeho ishami rishya, ishami rikuru ryumutekano wa Imperial (RSSH), riyobowe na Record Heydrich.
Nyuma y'urugendo rwa Prague kurema aho, ibiro by'abigisha bya Eichman bimuriwe i Berlin hagati y'izuba ryo mu 1939 kugira ngo bategetse ibiro bikuru bimuhimbano by'Abayahudi bayobowe na Sheinrich muller, biyobowe na Gestapo. Yasabwe gutegura koherezwa kuva ku Bayahudi 70 kugeza 80 muri Moraviya.
Ku bushake bwe, Eichman ateganya gufata abalewi kuva Vienne. Ibishakiyemführrer ss yahisemo umujyi wa Nisco wo muri Polonye ahantu ho gutambuka. Mu cyumweru gishize cyo mu Kwakira 1939, Abayahudi 4700 boherejwe muri kariya gari ya gari ya moshi, barasigaye ku bw'indabyo mu mwanya ufunguye nta mazi n'ibiryo. Ikigo cyateguwe, ariko ntiwigeze cyuzuzwa.
Mu 1939, Eikhman yashyizwe muri RSS, shyira umurenge wa IV-B4 kumutwe. Reinhard Heydrych yatangaje umuyobozi mushya w'Ishami hamwe n "" impuguke idasanzwe ", ishinzwe gutegura koherezwa mu mahanga yose mu murima wigaruriwe muri Polonye. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'Ubudage hakurikijwe Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti mu 1941, AIragattzGros yakurikiwe n'ingabo zingenzi mu turere twigaruriwe, Abayahudi, bakusanyirijwe hamwe n'abayoboke b'ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ndetse n'abagize ishyaka rya gikomunisiti kandi bicwa. Eichman yakiriye amakuru arambuye kuri squadrons y'urupfu.
Ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1941, gukinga byatanze izina rya heydrich yo gutegura no gutanga "icyemezo cyuzuye cy'ikibazo cy'Abayahudi" ku bihugu byose bitwawe n'Ubudage. Umutware wa Rshan yategetse Eichman, wahawe umutwe wa Obersturmbanfürera SS, kurimbura Abayahudi bose bo mu Burayi bugenzurwa n'uburayi. Nyuma gato y'inama ya Vangaa ku ya 20 Mutarama 1942, umutwe munini watangiriye ku bugenzuzi bwa Eichman kugera mu nkambi yo kurimbuka mu bakiranutsi, sobilore, Chelvka n'ahandi.
Igabana rya ObersturmbanFürera ryagize uruhare mu gukusanya amakuru ku Bayahudi muri buri gace, gutunganya imitungo yabo na gahunda y'amashyirahamwe yabo. Eichman yamaze inama zisanzwe n'abakozi bo mu murima wacyo, kandi bagenda byinshi kugira ngo bagenzure ibigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa na Ghetto.
Ku ya 19 Werurwe 1944, Ubudage bwinjiye muri Hongiriya. Abayahudi baho, kugeza kuri iyi ngingo bakomeje kuba batishimye, yoherezwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cya Auschwitz ku kazi cyangwa mu cyumba cy'urupfu. Eichman ku giti cye yakurikije imyiteguro kuri kariya gace.
Muri Mata 1944, hashize imipaka yayoboye imishyikirano n'abahagarariye imigendekere ya zionist kubyerekeye gucungurwa kw'Abayahudi. Guhura na Rudolph Kasstner, umuyobozi wa komite mfashanyo ya Hongiriya n'agateganyo, yagumanye ubuzima bw'abayahudi 1686 boherejwe muri gari ya moshi mu gusuhuza ivalisi 3, zahabu, amafaranga n'impapuro. Mbere gato yuko intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, Eichman yatwitse amajwi, ibangamira ishami rya IV-B4, kandi, hamwe n'abandi basirikare, SS yahunze Berlin, atura muri Otirishiya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ku ya 21 Werurwe 1935, Adolf Eicman yahujwe no gushyingirwa n'umugatolika mu muryango w'abahinzi wa Veronika (kwizera) Libl. Abashakanye babyaranye abahungu bane: Claus, Horst Adolf, indyo Helmut na Ricardo Francisco. Umugore wa Oberturmbanfürera ntabwo yakundaga Berlin, yabaga i Prague hamwe nabana. Eichman wumwimerere yabasuye buri cyumweru, ariko nyuma yigihe, asuye ye yanze rimwe mu kwezi.
Intambara irangiye, Eichman yazimiye mu bafatanyabikorwa, ariko arafatwa n'Abanyamerika. Yahunze igifungo n'inyandiko z'impimbano kandi afite ibikoresho bye mu majyaruguru y'Ubudage. Mu 1950, umunyabyaha w'Abanazi yakiriye Passeport mpuzamahanga itukura, yemerera uwahoze ari umuyobozi w'Ubudage kwimukira muri Arijantine. Umuryango wamusanze mu 1952 i Buenos Aires.
Ubushize Eichman abonye umugore we ku ya 30 Mata 1962, ukwezi mbere yo kwicwa.
Gushimuta no kuburanisha
Abayahudi benshi barokotse nyuma ya jenoside bitangiye kubona Eichman nabandi bashishikarizwa. Lothar Her yagize uruhare runini mugutangaza imiterere yumugizi wa nabi wumunyamerika. Umukobwa we Sylvia wabereye i Buenos aires yazanye Klaus Eichman mu 1956, yirata Abanazi bakorera se. Ibi byabwiwe na Fritz Bower, umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Hesse mu Budage bw'Ubudage, uwatanze aya makuru umuyobozi ushinzwe ubutasi bwa gisirikare cya Isiraheli Harelu.
Eichman arakurikiranwa, ariko ntiyabona ibimenyetso byerekana uruhare rwe mu Nazis. Mu 1960, umukozi wa Mossadi ZVA Aroni yemeje umwirondoro wahoze ari advershurmbanfürera ku ifoto kandi bitewe no gukurikirana.
Iperereza ry'Abisiraheli ryateguye gushimuta kwa Eichman, kubera ko Arijantine yari ifite amateka yo kwanga abagizi ba nabi boherejwe. Ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1960, uwahoze ari umuyobozi w'Ubudage yajyanywe muri Isiraheli, ahamara amezi 9 muri sitasiyo ya Polisi yagonzwe, yahuye na buri munsi.
Ku ya 11 Mata 1961, urubanza rwa Eichman rwatangiye mu rukiko rwihariye rw'urukiko rw'intara z'urukiko rw'intara z'Ikibuga. Umugizi wa nabi w'Abanazi washinjwaga ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n'Abayahudi, ibyaha by'intambara ndetse n'abanyamuryango ba Nsdap. Eichman yashimangiye ko nta kundi yari kubigenza uretse gukurikiza amategeko, kubera ko yari afite indahiro yo kuba indahemuka kuri Adolf Hitler.
Ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1961, yakatiwe igihano cy'urupfu kuri Goekeri ari umunyawodeli w'ingenzi.
Urupfu
Ubwunganizi bwa Eichman bwatanze ubujurire bwinshi mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga, akatiwe ku giti cye yasabye Perezida wa Isiraheli, It'hak Ben-ZVI yerekeye imbabazi. Ibyifuzo byose byanze. Eichmana yiciwe ku ya 1 Kamena 1962 muri gereza Ramla. Impamvu y'urupfu yari iyo stroke.
Mu masaha make, umurambo we watwitswe, kandi umukungugu wavanywe mu nyanja ya Mediterane, hanze y'amazi ya Isiraheli.
Mu 2000, guverinoma yo mu gihugu cyera yashyize imyuga ya Achman, aho yasobanuye amarorerwa y'Abanazi ku bijyanye n'Abayahudi.