Ubuzima
Ivan Kruzesthrvel izwi nka Navigator, kuvumbura n'umwanditsi. Yari umunyamuryango w'abaturage n'abanyamahanga, Umwanditsi w'amahanga Atlas yavuguruwe ", umugenzi n'umuyobozi wa CADET ya Marine.
Ivan KURUZEHTSNS yayoboye urugendo rwambere rwicyiciro kandi yiboneye ku ikarita ingano yinyanja ya Sakhalin. Yari umwe mubashinze societe yuburusiya. Izina ry'umunyabwenge n'umunyapolitiki ryitwa umuvuduko ku birwa bya Kuril, igice kiri hagati y'ibirwa mu kibanza cya Koreya, umusozi wo mu gihugu gishya, ibirwa biherereye ku murwa mukuru wa Tuamot no mu ruzika.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina nyaryo rya Admiral na Navigator - Adam Johann von Kruzesthrd. Umushakashatsi uzaza n'uhagarariye Gerutus ya kera y'Ubudage Kruzesthrser yari umwana wa 7 mu muryango. Umuhungu yavutse mu Gushyingo 1770. Se ni Johann Friedrich von Kruzendrnal, na Mama - Umukirisitu Frederica Amavu n'amavuko.
Ihuriro ry'Abadage b'Abadage ryerekanaga Uburayi umubare munini. Muri bo, umudiporu Cruzi na Admiral Moritz Adolf Kruzendr Danorver, Nyirarume Ivan. Adamu yakiriye izina rishya ashimira urungano rwabuganiriye mu Burusiya. Kandi inzozi zo mu inyanja yarazwe na nyirarume, inkuru zayo zakunze kumva.
Umuhungu yasomye ibitabo byerekeranye nintambara yo mu nyanja kandi arota kwiyamamaza ku bwato. Amaze guhabwa uburezi mu mujyi w'icyubahiro, yinjira mu nyanja ya Cadet Corps, iherereye i KronsAdt. Ikigo cy'uburezi cyatandukanijwe n'imiterere yo kubaho ku banyeshuri, no kumvikana na bo umusare uzaza mu muryango wa Nole ntabwo byoroshye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubikorwa mu 1787, Kruzensthrdr yarezwe mu manza.
Amato no kugenda
Amahugurwa yarangiye mu 1788, nk'uko Uburusiya bwinjiraga mu ntambara na Suwede. Umusore yoherejwe mu bwato bwitwa "Mstislav". Muri iyi kimbo, Kruzenserven yatandukanije mu ntambara ya Gogindiya n'intambara ya Eland. Mu musore wa 1790 wakiriye umutwe wa Liyetona no kumenya ibyagezweho mu ntambara zo mu nyanja. Mu 1793, hamwe na Yuri Lisyansky, Kruzesansky, Kruzeshrdy yavuye mu Burusiya gushyiraho ubuyobozi ajya mu Bwongereza.
Agezeyo, yakoreye imyaka 6. Mu bwato bw'Ubwongereza, uwatsinze inyanja yasuye Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, yasuye Suninov, Bermuda na Barubade. Garuka mu Burusiya mu 1799 waranzwe n'umushinga wa Seaman ufitanye isano n'ubucuruzi n'Ubuhinde. Hirya no hino ku isi yabonaga ingenzi hamwe nuburyo bujyanye no gufata ubutaka muriki kibazo. Ariko kubisabwa muri Admiraly KruzeshrdRANG yakiriye kwangwa.
Leta yari igizwe n'imibanire ya gisirikare n'Ubufaransa ntabwo yari ifite imari, kandi Umwuka ubwe ntiyigeze azwi. Icyifuzo cya Navigator cyanyuzwe mu 1802 ku butegetsi bw'inzego nkuru, kiyobowe n'inyungu za Alexandre I.
Ubworozi bwa KruzenshLeDNED na Lisyansky yamaze imyaka 3, kuva ku ya 1803 kugeza ku ya 1806. Amato "Nadezhda" na "Neva" yabereye mu nzira yubatswe. Ubwato bwavuye mu cyambu cya KronsAdt, maze agera mu nyanja ya Atalantika, hanyuma igihe cya Cape ihembe, basuzumwe na Kamchata, basuzumwe ibirwa bya Sakchan na Sakhalin na Kuriya. Mu kinyamakuru cy'ingendo, Kruzenshrd yavuze ko ari ibintu bishimishije, ibintu by'imiterere y'ahantu hasuwe no gusobanura inkombe, umuco n'ubukungu bw'igihugu, aho yasuye.
Umuyobozi w'ikirere yashyizwe ku rutonde ku mugaragaro ambasaderi Nikolay Ryzanov. Hamwe numushyitsi wubwato bwa Ferstoy, yatangaga ibibazo byinshi Kruzenchèng. Eccentric Igishushanyo Tolstoy yazanye ibintu bivugwa ko yageze i Kamchatka. Ryzanov yatanze ikirego kuri KruzenDerd muri Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, iranyuzwe.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi na Leta
Gusubira mu rugendo rw'isi, Kruzenserrnal yemeye ikindi cyerekezo mu kazi. Kuva mu 1811, yabaye umugenzuzi w'ibyiciro bya Marine Corps kandi bijyanye n'ibikorwa bya siyansi. Umushakashatsi yateguye amabwiriza ku isi, ateganijwe imyaka 1815-1816. Ivan Fedorovich yakoze ibyangombwa byose bikenewe mu Bwongereza, amaze gutegura umutwe, Otto KONTZEBU, ku koga, na we ubwe yafashega ko yandika "amajyepfo ya Atlas". Cruzenshrhamar yateguye icyegeranyo cyibitekerezo bisobanura ibikorwa bye.
Mu 1827, navigator yabaye umuyobozi wa Cadet ya Madime Maritime kandi afite uyu mwanya imyaka 16. Yajyanywe kandi mu nama ya Admiralty, kandi nyuma y'umwaka, abanyamuryango ba kaminuza ya Moscou. Kruzesthrd yakoze umusanzu utagereranywa mugutezimbere ibibazo byuburiganya nubushakashatsi. Ndashimira gahunda ye, abifashisha bashya bagaragaye mu mirangi ya Cadet, kandi amasomero yazuwe n'ibikoresho n'amafaranga ajyanye no kwiga. Umusirikare yafunguwe.
Ubuzima bwa siyansi na admiral bufitanye isano ninyanja. Ndetse yasigaye mu 1842 mu isambu ye, yakomeje gukora ibikorwa bifatika, ashyiraho umuryango w'Abarusiya hamwe na bagenzi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ivan Fedorovich KruzeShrDed yari umukunzi ukomeye. Afite imyaka 30, yakundanye na Julia, inyuma ya Taube der issen, wari umufana w'imyaka 10. Ubwiza bw'imfubyi n'u ntagereranywa bwafashwe no kwitabwaho na ofisiye, kubera ko atagize ubwoba. Ubumwe ntibushobora kubaho, nkuko bene wabo bivuga umukobwa uri mu bashakanye nyir'ubutaka, akwiriye ubuzima, ntabwo akwiriye ubuzima, ntabwo akubera ubuzima rwose.
Ubuzima bwumuntu Kruzhensen byateye imbere neza. Imva imeze hagati ye n'agatotowe, kandi, kubera inzitizi zose, ku ya 14 Nzeri 1801, ku bukwe bwabaye. Umwaka umwe, uwo mwashakanye yibarutse umuhungu wa Cruise Otto, witwaga Nikolai mu muryango. Ibi birori byahuriranye na gahunda yumugabo numukuru wurugendo rwisi. Abayobozi batangiye Ivan Fedorovich ibyiringiro byinshi. Nyuma yo kuva mu muryango, Kruzhensen muhuriye n'umugore we witwa umwe mu mato "ibyiringiro".
Nyuma yaho, Yulia na Ivan bagaragaye n'abana 5: Alexandre (Nee Julius), Pawulo (Paul), Platon (Emil) n'abakobwa 2, Julia na Charlotte. Bose hamwe, babaga ku ndogobe, mu mutungo wa Esitoniya, bavuze ko Lääne-Virumaa Ensemble. Abahungu ba Admiraheli babaye abanyeshuri b'indirimbo ya Tsarskoye. Umuntu wese yubatse umwuga ushimishije kandi aba ishema rya se.
Ivan Fedorovich Amatungo akundwa cyane, akenshi Spaniel yakunze kuba inshuti itera imbere murugendo. Amatwi y'inyamanswa imihango bivugwa ko yazanye amahirwe yo koga.
Kruzesthrse yari umuntu wo gukunda igihugu kandi umuntu utanga. Nubwo leta yoroheje, yabitangaga mu gushyiraho imitwe yitwara gisirikari mugihe cyintambara yo gukunda igihugu cya 1812.
Urupfu
Ivan Kruzreenter yapfuye muri Kanama 1846, mugihe mu isambu ye. Impamvu y'urupfu yari isanzwe: admiral yari igeze mu zabukuru - imyaka 75. Mu itegeko ry'Ukuri, yashyinguwe mu kigega, mu nzu ya Tallinn y'itorero.
Umurage wa siyansi usigaranye nta shingiro ryo kwiga inyanja muri kaminuza zihariye za kijyambere. Ifoto yumupira muri iki gihe urashobora kuboneka mubitabo.
Umuhungu we Paul na Umwuzukuru Pavlovich yajyaga mu kirenge cya mwene wabo uzwi kandi ahinduka ababana na bavigator. Imyitwarire yabo yaje kuba ubushakashatsi ku nkombe ya Aziya, mu majyaruguru ya Ob, mu majyaruguru, ibirwa by'ubutaka bwa Perchersk hamwe n'ibirwa bya Caroline.
Uyu munsi, icebreaker, yitiriwe Ivan Kruzhensen, yiruka kumazi hagati ya St. Petersburg ninyanja ya Baltique, yoza igice kumato.
Ibihembo
- Gahunda ya Mutagatifu George IV;
- Gahunda ya Mutagatifu Vladimir impamyabumenyi ya 3;
- Gahunda ya Mutagatifu Alexander Nevsky;
- Ibimenyetso bya diyama kuri gahunda ya Mutagatifu Alexander Nevsky;
- Urutonde rwa St. Anne II,
- Tegeka prssian suur le mérite für Ubwenge und Künste.