Ubuzima
Abel Tasman ni ikinyejana cy'Ubuholandi XVII. Niwe wambere wageze ku nkombe za Nouvelle-Zélande, kandi yanafashaga kwerekana ko Ositaraliya ari umugabane wigenga.
Nubwo ibyamamare bya leta yavumbuye kuri Tasman, kubyerekeye ubuzima bwambere bwibyabaye. Birazwi ko ingenzi izaza yavutse mu 1603 mu mudugudu wubuholandi wa Luta. Dushingiye ku kuba izina ryuzuye rya Tasmana - Abeli JanZan, rishobora kwemeza ko Data yiswe Yans.
Ikigaragara ni uko umugabo yari afite inkomoko yoroshye. Ibi bigaragarira mu buryo butaziguye na documentaire ya mbere yerekeye Tasman, mu 1632 inyandiko yo gushyingirwa hamwe numukobwa utazi gusoma no kwandika kuva mumuryango ukennye.
Urugendo n'ingendo
Impamyabumenyi ya Abeli mu nyanja ku nshuro ya mbere iboneka mu 1634 - ivugwa mu nyandiko z'isosiyete y'Ubuholandi bo mu Buholandi imeze nk'abasimbuzi. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, umusare yasuye Archipelago, aho hydrograph ikora imirimo ya hydrograph, kandi inakora mukarere k'ibirwa bya Molukki. Biragaragara ko umugabo yakoraga neza - mu 1638, Tasman "yagizwe umutware w'ubwato bw'ubwato, aho seuruior yari urugendo mu Buhinde.
Mu 1639, umugabo hamwe na Matis Kvasta yagiye gushaka ibiri mu birwa biriho hafi y'Ubuyapani. Rico de oro na Rico de Coanty, ibyerekeye imigani n'ibihuha gusa, byakagombye kuba byinshi hamwe na zahabu na feza. Tasman yayoboye umutware "Groft". Intego yo kuruhande rwarwo rugendo, ifite ibikoresho muri Guverineri mukuru wa Thelandi OST-Ubuhinde Anton Wang Faumeman, yabaye umucuruzi w'ivunjisha.
Urugendo ntirwashyizweho: Kugera muri Filipine, abasare bashoboye gusobanura ikarita y'ibirwa, ariko bidatinze icyorezo cyakinnye mu mato, kandi abatware bakinira mu rugo. Mugihe cyo kuhagera, abantu 7 gusa ni bo bagumye mu ikipe yose ya Tasman. Ibirwa byifuzwa, birumvikana, ntawe wabonetse. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Abahetari Badonts ba Abel basuzumwe, maze mu ntangiriro ya 1640, Guverineri yohereje inshuro nyinshi umusare mu bihugu bya Aziya.
Kugeza ku 1642, Tasman yabonaga ko umwe mu batware beza bo mu Buholandi bo mu Buholandi Ubuhinde, niyo mpamvu umugabo yashyizeho umuyobozi w'imyitozo yo kwiga inyanja y'Ubuhinde. Igikorwa kwari ugushakisha inzira zizirinda kugongana hamwe n'amato ya Porutugali, nyuma abasare bagombye kwimukira mu burasirazuba kugira ngo bashyire inzira yoroshye kuri Chili.
Inkiko, ingendo zihabwe kwa Tasmann zari, ukurikije ubuhamya bwe, muburyo bubi. Amato yari 2 - Flaghip "Hemster" na mirongo itatu "Zeehan". Umubare w'itsinda wari abantu 110. Nubwo ari bike cyane umutungo w'urugendo, hashize intangiriro y'inzira y'inyanja yari itegereje kuvumbura geografiya: mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Maurice Abeli - igice cy'izinga, kizahita kitwa Tasmaniya. Ariko muri ako kanya umushakashatsi ni njye narer of Land wang dimeme.
Nyuma, abasare basanze undi mu nkombe utazwi. Nkako, iyi yari Nouvelle-Zélande itazwi icyo gihe, ariko Tasman yakurikizaga igitekerezo cy'uko ibyo ari Leta ifunguye.
Abeli amaze kwizirika mu kigobe, yahaye ikipe kuzuza ububiko bw'amazi meza. Ku nkombe y'abasare bari bategereje abahagarariye abaturage ba Maori, babanje kwerekana igitero. Ariko, ntibyababujije bukeye bwaho gutera mu nkombe za aome. Abakozi batatu baguye ku rugamba, abandi basigaye bashoboye gutoroka. Uyu munsi, aha hantu hitwa Golden Bay, ariko Tasima we ubwe yamwise "igikoni cy'abicanyi."
Kuri Chili, bitewe no kubura ibikoresho, Abeli ntiyigeze agenda, maze muri Kamena 1643, amato y'ingendo yasubiye mu rugo i Batavia. Abakozi b'ubwato bahawe igihembo, ariko abayobozi b'ikigo ntibabyishimiye: Urugendo ntirwo rusohoze imirimo yose kandi nanone ntizarokoka inyungu. Icyakora, abangamizi bambara, bemeje ko ari ngombwa kwiga ubutaka bushya na Van-Dima gukinguye - umuntu yizeraga ko aha hantu bari abakire mu mutungo. Urugendo rwongeye gukusanywa, na none ku mutwe bashyira Abeli Tasman.
Inkuru zerekeye uru rugendo umenye bike. Inyandiko z'ingenzi muri iki gihe zifatwa nk'ibaruwa yandikiwe Guverineri Mukuru w'Isosiyete y'Ubuhinde n'abanyamakarita iyo mikoro yagereranijwe. Torres Strait muri kiriya gihe ntiyari itazwi kugeza mu Buholandi, nuko Abeli asanga igihugu cyabonetse muri kimwe cyose. Nyuma yikinyejana kimwe gusa namenye ibijyanye na Nouvelle-Zélande mu Burayi nyuma yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku mugenzi w'Icyongereza James Cook.
Ariko ndabikoze urugendo rwa Tasman rwashushanijwe na km ibihumbi 3.5 of ofkast ya Ositaraliya (muri kiriya gihe - holland nshya). Iyi yabaye umusanzu w'ingenzi wa geografiya, mubyukuri yerekanye ko ubutaka bwamenyekanye ari umugabane.
Urukiko rwageze ku nkombe za Batavia mu mpeshyi yo mu 1644, na none ntazana isosiyete inyungu nkeya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, izina rya Abeli Tasman nka Navigator na Kapiteni bagumye hejuru. Umwaka ukurikira, umugabo yahawe umuyobozi wa Chin, kandi atuma umwe mu bagize akanama k'ubutabera muri Batavia.
Kugira umwanya munini, Tasman yashoboraga kwanga ubuzima bwo mu nyanja butuje kandi yitange gusesengura ibinyamakuru byoherejwe. Ariko umugabo ntiyari yiteguye kureka inyanja. Mu myaka ya 1640, Abeli yahise agenda inshuro nyinshi mu koga, yagiye muri archipelago, Siamu na Philippines. Umugabo wasohotse mu 1653 gusa, imyaka 6 mbere y'urupfu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kimwe nuko ingendo nyinshi za Tasmann zititayeho, ibisobanuro byubuzima bwihariye bwa Abeli bihishe na MRAK yibinyejana byinshi. Dukurikije urubuga rwa www.genealonline.n, umugabo yari inshuro ebyiri mubukwe. Umugore wa mbere witwaga Clasgie Heyndriks, wa kabiri - Jannetje Tjars. Uwo mwashakanye wa mbere yapfiriye ku 1632, asiga umukobwa witwa Claesen, ubukwe bwa kabiri bwaje kubyara. Umukobwa yabayeho igihe kirekire hamwe na Tasman muri Jakarta, na nyuma yubukwe bwibukwe mu Buholandi.
Nubwo amakuru make yerekeye Abel Tasman, hari ahantu muribyo nibintu bishimishije. Kurugero, imwe mumpamvu zo gutembera kwa 1642 zifatwa nkubwuyu musare mu mukobwa wa Van-Dimemet, Maria. Nk'uko byanditswe byera, abakobwa b'amategeko bashinze ntibari bafite, ariko birashobora kuba mwene wabo gusa, iruhande rw'umugabo udashaka kubona Tasman.
Birashoboka, mu mico yihariye ya Abeli yari ishyira mu gaciro n'imbabazi. Mu rugendo rutaha, abakozi baguye kuri icyo kirwa, maze umuturage waho arekura umwambi ugana umusare. Abenegihugu, uburakari bw'umuzungu butera ubwoba, bo ubwabo bakurura umujyi mu bwato. Ariko Tasman ntiyishe umuntu, acira urubanza ko adashoboka ko yashyize umwambi ku giti cye.
Urupfu
Abeli Janzzin Tasman yapfuye mu 10 Ukwakira 1659 muri Batavia, icyateye urupfu ntirizwi.
Kuri iyi ngingo, umugabo yabaye umuturage ukize cyane wo mu mujyi. Umurage, ukurikije ubushake, wacitsemo ibice kimwe hagati yumukobwa numugore wa kabiri wa Navigato, naho 25 Guldovo yimuye paruwasi muri Luthegaste kugirango ifashe abakene.