Ubuzima
Vera Mukhina, wamenyekanye cyane mu mushinga w'itsinda ry'Ubushushanyo "umukozi na kolkhoznitsa" mu 1937, wagize uruhare runini muri poropagande mbi. Byongeye kandi, umugore afite akandi kazi gakunzwe yazanye ibihembo byinshi na ibihembo.
Vera yavukiye mu mpeshyi yo mu 1889 i Riga, icyo gihe yari iherereye mu ntara ya Live ya Live yabe mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya. Se w'umukobwa, Ignatius Kuzmich, yari abapite b'icyamamare n'umucuruzi, umuryango we wari uw'umucuruzi.
Iyo kwizera kwahinduye imyaka 2, nyina apfa azize igituntu. Data yakundaga umukobwa we kandi atinya ubuzima bwe, ni yo mpamvu najyanywe i Budoosiya, aho yari atuye kugeza mu 1904. Ngaho, Umunyabusote kazoza wakiriye ibyambere mubuzima bwo gushushanya no gushushanya amasomo.
Mu 1904, se w'ukwemera arapfa, nuko umukobwa uri kumwe na mukuru we ajyanwa ivu. Ngaho habaho abavandimwe bo mu muryango, bakoreye imfubyi ebyiri. Bagiriwe inama kandi kandi ntibabajwe n'amafaranga, akazi gashinzwe akazi, boherejwe gutembera i Dresden, Tyrol na Berlin.
I Kurhina yagiye kwiga kwishuri. Hamwe n'icyubahiro, arangije imikino ngororamubiri, yimukira i Moscou. Abarinzi bateganyaga kubona umukobwa w'umukwe, nubwo ibyo bitari mu kwizera. Yarose gutanga ubuhanzi bwerekanwe hamwe nimwigera i Paris. Hagati aho, Sculpor izaza yatangiye kwiga gushushanya muri sitidiyo yubuhanzi.
Ibishusho no guhanga
Nyuma, umukobwa yagiye mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa kandi hari ibyo yari azi ibyakozwe kugirango abe Umunyabukorikori. Umujyanama wa mbere muri kano karere yari kuri Mukhina Emil Antoine Birdel, umunyeshuri wa Midgeri Auge Rodin. Yagiye kandi mu Butaliyani, yize umurimo w'abahanzi bazwi cyane mu gihe cya renaissance. Mu 1914, Mukhina yasubiye i Moscou.
Nyuma yo kurangiza impinduramatwara mu Kwakira, Lenin yateguye gahunda yo gukora inzibutso zo mu mijyi kandi ikurura abanyamwuga bakiri bato kuri ibi. Mu 1918, Mukhina yakiriye itegeko ryo kurema urwibutso kuri N. I. NOVIKOV. Umukobwa yakoze imiterere y'ibumba kandi amwohereza kugira ngo yemere ko komiseri w'Abaturage bo kumurikirwa kwa RSFR. Igikorwa cyo kwizera cyagereranijwe, ariko yashoboye kurangiza. Kubera ko imiterere yabitswe mu kibanza gikonje cy'amahugurwa, ibumba ridatinze, impanuka ridatinze, kandi akazi karangiritse.
Nanone, mu rwego rwa gahunda ya Planstes Propagande ya Mwubite, Mukhina yashyizeho ibishushanyo by'inzibutso ya. M. Sverdlov, V. Ku rubyiruko, imico y'umukobwa ntabwo yamuhaye ngo ahagarare hagati, ndetse n'umuntu we kwizera kwe yitonze, ndetse nibintu bito byamenyereye kandi buri gihe yarenze ibyo abandi babyiteze. Muri biografiya yumugore, akazi kambere mubijyanye nakazi kakazi kagaragaye.
Guhanga kwizera bitagaragazwaga ibishusho gusa. Mu 1925, yaremye icyegeranyo cy'imyenda myiza. Mu kudoda, ibikoresho biteye ubwoba byahisemo, harimo n'igikorwa, kuboha imyenda na canvas, buto byakuwe mu biti, kandi buto - muri rogoro. Ntabwo ari imitako. Kuri urwotage, Umunyabutelikazi yazanye imitako ya mbere yise "ishusho y'inkoko". Hamwe no gukusanya, umugore yagiye muri imurikagurisha i Paris. Yerekanye imyenda hamwe nimyambarire ya N. P. Lamanova kandi yakiriye igihembo kinini mumarushanwa.
Mu gihe cyo kuva mu 1930 kugeza 1930, Mukhina yigishije ubuhanzi buhebuje n'ubuhanga n'ishuri rya tekiniki n'inganda n'inganda.
Igishusho cy '"umuhinzi" cyabaye umurimo ukomeye mu mwuga wa mugore. Akazi kari kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 10 Ukwakira, ndetse numuhanzi uzwi cyane Ilya Makkov wamushubije neza. Muri iryo murika, urwibutso rwafashe umwanya wa 1. Kandi nyuma y "Abahinzi" bishimira imurikagurisha rya Venise, ryaguzwe ningoro ndangamurage yumujyi wa Trieste. Uyu munsi, iki gikorwa cyuzuza icyegeranyo cy'ingoro ndangamurage ya Vatikani i Roma.
Umusanzu utari muto mu muco w'igihugu watanze kwizera n'inshingano zayo "gukora no gukusanya hamwe." Imibare y'abagabo n'abagore mu 1937 yashyizwe i Paris ku imurikagurisha ry'isi, nyuma bajyanwa mu gihugu cy'umwanditsi kandi bushyirwaho kuri eds. Urwibutso rwabaye ikimenyetso cya moscow nshya, Mosfilm. Ishusho ya Statue ikoreshwa nkikirangenge.
Mu bindi bikorwa byo kwizera Mukhina - Urwibutso M. Gorky na P. Tchaikovsky. Mu myaka itari mike, umugore yakoraga mugukora ibishusho by'ikiraro cya Moskvretsky, ariko mubuzima bwe, byashobokaga kungura umushinga umwe gusa - umutsima ". Inkomoko 5 isigaye yashizweho n'ibishushanyo nyuma y'urupfu rw'Urupfu.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y'intambara, kwizera kurema inzu ndangamurage igizwe n'ibishushanyo byadushusho. Ububiko bw'abagore bwuzuza amashusho ya G. Ulanova, N. Burdenko, B. Yusukova na I. Nubwo inyandiko zemeza imyifatire ya Mukhina kugera ku ireme ry'ikirahure cy'ikirahure kizwi cyane, oya, nyamara benshi basabwaga ubwanditsi bw'ikiryo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ukwizera kwambere kwurukundo rwateraniye i Paris. Iyo umukobwa yize ubuhanga bwo gukora ibishusho, kubyerekeye kubaka ubuzima bwite kandi ntiyatekereje, kuko yibanze ku guhabwa ubumenyi. Ariko umutima ntutumire.
Uwatoranijwe muri Mugeni yari intangarugero ya Runa Essertiste Alexandre Vertilov. Ariko, abashakanye babayeho, mu 1914, urubyiruko rwatandukanye. Vera yagiye gusura bene wabo mu Burusiya, maze Alegizandere yagiye imbere yo kurwana. Nyuma yimyaka mike uba mu Burusiya, nyuma yimyaka mike, umukobwa yamenye ibyerekeye urupfu rwumukunzi we, ndetse no mu ntangiriro ya Revolution ya Ukwakira.
Numugabo we uzaza, Mukhin ahura mugihe cyintambara yabenegihugu. Yakoraga nk'umuforomo, afasha gusunika ibikomere. Hamwe na we, umuganga ukiri muto wa gisirikare Alexey Zamkov yakoraga. Urubyiruko rwakundanye rukomeza gushyingirwa mu 1918. Kuri enterineti ndetse nogeje amafoto ahuriweho nabashakanye. Ubwa mbere abakiri bato ntibatekereje kubana. Twese hamwe bagomba kurokoka imyaka yashonje nyuma ya nyuma yumuryango kandi yerekanaga ibyiyumvo nyabyo byukuri yumugabo numugore.
Mu bashakanye, umuhungu yavutse ari umuhungu witwa Vsevolod. Ku myaka 4, umuhungu yararwaye. Nyuma y'imvune, igikomere cyashizweho mu gikomere. Abaganga bose babonye ababyeyi, banze kumuvura, kuko urubanza rwafatwaga ko nta cyizere. Ariko se ntiyagabanije amaboko igihe nta kundi washiganaga n'umwana we mu rugo, kuruta uko ukiza ubuzima bwe. Vsevolod yagaruye, yiga, aba umuyisizi, hanyuma ashyikiriza ababyeyi be abuzukuru.
Umwuga Zamkova wazamutse cyane igihe yaremaga gutegura imisozi "gravelidan", wabaye imiti yambere yinganda kwisi. Icyakora, iterambere rya muganga ryashimiwe gusa n'abarwayi gusa, abaganga b'Abasoviyeti bararakaye. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, Komisiyo yaretse kwemeza ibishushanyo bishya byerekana kwizera, intego nyamukuru yari "inkomoko ya Bourgeois". Ubushakashatsi butagira iherezo ndetse n'ibibajije bidatinze bizana umugore w'umugore mu gitero, kugira ngo umuryango ufate umwanzuro wo gutontoma muri Lativiya.
Kubera ko nta mwanya wo kugera aho ujya, umuryango wafashwe ugasubira inyuma. Abahunze babazwa, hanyuma bavuga kuri Voronezh. Kuzigama umwanya wa coup maxim gorky. Umwanditsi yavuwe hashize igihe avuye ku mugabo kandi akosora ubuzima nshimira "amabuye". Umwanditsi yemeje ko igikombe cy'uko igihugu gikeneye umuganga nk'uwo, nyuma umuryango wasubizwaga ku murwa mukuru ndetse wemera igihome cyo gufungura ikigo cye.
Urupfu
Vera Mukhina yapfiriye mu kugwa kwa 1953, noneho afite imyaka 64. Impamvu y'urupfu imaze igihe kinini ari Angina uhembewe.Imva ya Sculpor iherereye ku mugambi wa kabiri w'i irimbi rya Novodevichy.
Akazi
- Urwibutso "Umukozi n'umuhinzi rusange" i Moscou
- Ibishusho "Umugati" na "Uburumbuke" i Moscou
- Ibishusho "Inyanja" i Moscou
- Urwibutso Maxim Gorky i Moscou
- Amabuye y'imva ku irimbi rya Novodevichy i Moscou
- Ibihe bya sikunga "Farhad na Shirin" muri volgograpp
- Urwibutso Maxim Gorky muri Nizhny Novgorod
- Igishusho "Amahoro" muri volgograpp