Ubuzima
Hamwe na Eschil na Euripl, SoFokl ni ikinyabuki cya kera cy'Abagereki, ibikorwa byabitswe kugeza ubu: Umukinnyi wanditseho: Ariko 7 muri bo ni bo bagerwaho rwose n'abasomyi ba kijya muri iki gihe. Yamaze imyaka 50, yabonaga umusizi mwiza wa Atene: yatakaye mu marushanwa 6 ya 30 atangaje, mu gihe atajugunywe munsi ya 2. Agaciro ko guhanga udushaka ntirugabanuka kugeza na nubu.Iherezo
Sophokl yavutse ahagana 496 kugeza N. Ns. Muri colon, agace ka Atenayi, mu muryango wa Afite umutekano wuruganda rukora imyenda ya gisirikare ya sofila. Papa yateje imbere umuhungu we, ariko umuhungu wera cyane afitanye isano nubuhanzi. Nkumwana, SoFokl yize umuziki, na nyuma yo gutsinda Abagereki hejuru y'Abaperesi bari intambara ya salamini ya Salaminian yo muri 480 kugeza N. Ns. Yerekejeho, yirukana ubutwari bw'abarwanyi.
Ubuzima bwumusizi bujyanye nikinamico gusa, ahubwo no hamwe nubuzima bwa politiki. Birashoboka, muri 443-442 bc. Ns. Sophokl yari igizwe na College ya Treekchair y'umwe mu Bumwe bwa Atene, kandi muri 440 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Haciwe ingamba z'intambara ya Samas. Kera y'Ikigereki, bashyizwe mu ngendo, ni ukuvuga, abajyanama bafashaga Atenayi gukira nyuma yo kunanirwa kwa Siciliyani mu ntambara ya Peloponnesian.
Mubikorwa byamashusho ya Mudretsov, Atena yanditse ko Sofokl yageragejwe kubagabo:
"SoFokl yakundaga abahungu bameze nk'abagore ba Ruuripide."
Ntibishoboka guhana cyangwa kwemeza ibintu bishimishije mubuzima bwihariye bwa tigiya, ariko bizwi kumenya neza ko Sophokla yari afite umugore - nikeleton. Mu bana bombi bitewe n'ubukwe bwemewe, umwe gusa, Iofonte, yavutse. Umuhungu wa kabiri, Ariston, yavutse avuye ku buntu bwa Ferida. Aoft yagiye mu kirenge cya Data maze aba makinayi.
Amaze kubaho imyaka 90, Sophokl yapfuye muri 406 kugeza n. Ns. Hano hari verisiyo 3 z'amakuba. Nk'uko abahanga mu by'amateka ISTR na Neanfu, umukinyi mushya yanizwe mu nzabibu. Dukurikije inkuru z'abanditsi ba Sarara, mu gihe cyo gusoma "Antigona" imbere ya rubanda, Sofokl ntabwo yabaze ububiko bwibihaha kandi ahumeka ku nteruro ndende.
Inyandiko ya gatatu ivuga ko icyateye urupfu arizo ntsinzi itaha ku marushanwa y'ubuvanganzo - umusizi, yishime, yapfuye azize indwara y'umutima.
Sofokla yashyinguwe n'umuhanda, wayoboye Atenayi mu mujyi w'umucuruzi. Ku mva, amagambo yanditse:
"Muri iyi mva, mu kigo cy'abihayeyi cyera, guhisha ibisigazwa by'agategabikorwa biteye agasuzuguro mu buhanga bw'icyubahiro."Ikinamico na theatre
Eskil yari urugero kuri Sofokla yo kwigana, ariko makinamico akuze (eschyl imyaka 29) yakoresheje uburyo bwo gukundana bukiri bato mubikorwa. Kurugero, Sofone yongeyeho bwa mbere kumukinnyi wa gatatu, yagabanije uruhare rwa korari, noneho usibye resitora ya Eschyl. Ikigereki cyahinduye umubare wa choraide - kuva ku bantu 15 kugeza 12, kandi nanone wabuze Umwanditsi w'ikindi ikinamico mu bavugizi (ahanini kubera intege nke z'ijwi ryabo). Bitewe no guhanga udushya, Theatre ya Atene yarasubukuwe.
Igikorwa cyo gubabaje mubihe byimyaka byose byakwirakwiriye kurenza imipaka ya Atenayi. Abategetsi b'abanyamahanga bakunze gusaba Grek kubakorera, ariko bitandukanye na Eschila, wapfiriye muri Sisile, cyangwa Euripid wasuye Makedoniya, Sofokl ntabwo yemeye ubutumire. Yakundaga kwandika kubera counterriokri, na bo, bashishikarije Sofokla n'amashyi n'amajwi ku marushanwa y'ubuvanganzo.
Mu marushanwa 30, PlawWright yatsinze iminsi mikuru 18 iha icyubahiro Imana Dionysus no mu minsi mikuru 6 ya Lena. Intsinzi ya mbere ikomeye yabereye mu 469 mbere ya Yesu. e. Iyo SoFokl, yerekana tetrallogue kubantu b'abaturage (ntabwo barokotse), barenze escil.
Antinokt "yandikaga, SOPHOKL yanditse, SOPHOKL yanditse imirimo 123, 7 muri bo bari bafite", "electique", "Elect", "Electra", " Muri colon "," abakurikirana ". Igikinisho kizwi cyane ni "Umwami Edipo" (429-426 mbere ya Yesu), ayo Aristote mu "migobe" yitwa icyifuzo cyakazi kababaje.
Hagati y'umugambi - Oedip, se, umwami wa Lai, yagize ubwoba ko umuhungu azaba umwicanyi arongora ihanga, ahitamo kwikuramo umwana. Umugabo washinzwe kwica umuhungu yashizweho hejuru yikiremwa kitagira kirengera maze aha kurera umwungeri. Hanyuma Edipa yemeye Tsar Polyb.
Amaze gukura, mwene Laia amenya ubuhanuzi maze ava mu rugo rwa Data, ariko yahuye n'igare mu nzira. Mu ntambara, umusore yishe umusaza na satelite eshatu. Umusaza yari Lai. Byongeye kandi, kuba umwami wa FIV, oedipusi yashakanye na Okasta, ashikiriza igice cya kabiri cyubuhanuzi.
Indwara iteye ubwoba yaguye mu mujyi. Kugerageza guhangana n'impamvu ku bahohotewe, abahatuye bahindukirira amagambo, avuga ko imiti iri mu bunyage umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami w'umwami. Edipa rero ifungura amayobera iteye ubwoba yicyaha gitunganye. Ntibishobora guhangana n'agahinda, okasa irangiza ubuzima bwo kwiyahura, na Edipo, urebye ko bidakwiriye urupfu, ngo yiteze amaso guhuma, kuvomera amaso.
Igice "Tsar Edipo" yafunguye icyitwa Fvan cycle. Kuri Dionysia, iki cyegeranyo cyafashe umwanya wa 2 utanga inzira kumurimo wanditswe na mwishywa wa Eschil - Philoklet. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abahanga mu by'Ubwongereza Richard Clavverhause Jebb yemeye Aristote, avuga ko ikinamico "mu buryo bw'igihangano ari igihangano cy'amakuba yati." Nyuma yo gusesengura akazi, Shud Freud yafunguye "Oedigus Complex" - Gukurura igitsina cy'umwana kubabyeyi mudahuje igitsina.
Mu gukomeza inkuru yerekeye Tsar ihuma, Sofokl yanditse ikinamico "Oedikiya muri colon" (406 mbere), yazutse nyuma y'urupfu rw'umusizi - muri 401 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Akazi kavuga uburyo odedip yaturutse kuri Fiv numukobwa wa Antihogoy azerera mu Bugereki gushaka inzu nshya. Bakira amakuru ko abahungu b'impumyi, umuyobozi na Eteokl bitegura kujyana n'intambara ku ntebe ya FIV. Mu nama na umwe mu bahungu, imivumo ya OEDIP haba ku rupfu rwamaboko. Imirimo irangirana nurupfu rwimpumyi.
Ibyago byanyuma byukwezi kwa FVAN "Antigo" (442-441 bc. E). Ikibazo nyamukuru cyikinamico ni uguhangana kw'amategeko ya leta na rusange. Abavandimwe ba antigogy barwana kandi bapfa, bakurikije umuvumo, mumaboko ya buri wese. Umwami wategekaga kuyobora umurambo wa kure, akamusiga nk'umuhemu, ubora ku zuba.
Antigoon irwanya ubushake bwa Segaba kandi birumye umuvandimwe we akurikije amategeko gakondo yinzira, umwami aryoza umukobwa mumunara. Kubera ko Antigone adashoboye kumvira, antigone irangiza ubuzima bwo kwiyahura, butuma apfa ku rupfu ebyiri - ku rupfu ebyiri - umukunzi we na nyina n'uwo bashakanye n'uwo bashakanye n'uwo bashakanye.
Icyubahiro cyingenzi cyibice bya Sophocla nuko intwari zimeze nkumuntu: bafite ubwoba n'intege nke, barashobora kugeragezwa nicyaha. Ikuba rero "Electra" ivuga ku mukobwa na murumuna we, Oreste ushaka kwihorera nyina n'umukunzi we ku rupfu rwa Data. Niba kandi ibikorwa bya Orse byateganijwe n'ubuhanuzi bwa Apollo, ELECTRA ikora ku guhamagarwa k'umutima, iyobowe n'ibyiyumvo byimbitse.
Mubikorwa bitangaje by'Abagereki, intervent ya imana iba ifite agaciro, kandi umuntu ni ubuntu. Kandi nyamara, mu idini, SoFokl abona agakiza, umusizi yumva ko abantu badafite umupaka. Muri icyo gihe, ikiremwamuntu kirapfa, ukurikije agahinda, kubera ubwibone bwe. Muri "Ajax" yagize ati:
"Kuba umunyabwenge ni uko bisobanura kutituka imana n'ijambo ridasobanutse, ntuteme uburakari bwabo."Birakwiye ko tumenya ko Sofokl ari umuntu wizera, hanyuma amaze gupfa.
Ibibazo by'amakuba by'Abagereki byaje kuba bifite akamaro muri societe igezweho, ko ku mirimo ya Sofokla kugeza kuri iyi lilms yakuweho. Icyamamare cyane ni "antigone" - inkinzo zigera kuri 20 zakuwe ku mukino, harimo ikinamico y'Abanyamerika yo mu 1990 "Antigona: Imihango ishaka" hamwe na Janet Eslber mu nshingano za.
Amagambo
Ijambo rimwe ritubohora uburemere bwose nububabare bwubuzima: Iri jambo ni urukundo. Nta kintu gisigaye. Iburyo - burigihe igitekerezo gikomeye. Bishoboka kugirango usoze umuntu wishimye kugeza ubuzima bwe burangiye.Bibliografiya
- 450-435 bc - "Trachins"
- 450-440 bc Ns. - "Ajax" ("ean", "biechosets")
- 442-441 bc - "Antigona"
- 429-426 bc Ns. - "Umwami Ede" ("Edip-Tirans")
- 415 bc - "Electra"
- 404 bc - "Philoktt"
- 406 bc Ns. - "Oedip muri colon"
- "Umuhanda"