Amateka y'inyuguti
Salykov-ShchecherRin yanditse igitabo "Lord Golovyov" mu 1875-80. Akazi ni amateka asobanura ubuzima bwumuryango umwe. Ubwa mbere, umwanditsi ndetse yashakaga gutanga igitabo izina ridasobanutse, ariko yahisemo kuzana intwari imbere.Amateka yo Kurema
Muri iki kinyamakuru "Inyandiko z'Ingabo" zo mu 1875, inkuru ya Saltykov-Shchecher Yitwa "Urukiko rw'Umuryango" rwasohotse, rwabaye ishingiro ry'ejo hazaza h'igitabo. Turgenev yakiriye ibaruwa yanditse, aho yasabye kurema umwanditsi kurema, ariko agashya k'igipimo cyuzuye, aho byasobanura inyuguti z'intwari. Umwanditsi yateganyaga ko Saltykov-Shchecherrin ari umuterankunga w'ubwoko buto, ariko ibyaremwe nyuma bikurura turgenev na rubanda.
Umuremyi wa Resitimu yarakomeje ibikorwa, arema amashusho mashya, kandi yunze ubumwe mu bikorwa by '"ibisubizo by'umuryango", "mwishywe", "mwishywa" n' "umunezero umwe" mu gihinja gifitanye isano n'impamvu ya santique. Icyifuzo cyo gukora igitabo cyuzuye cyamusanze mu 1880. Byanditswe rero umurimo wa "nyagasani Golovy".
Judatish, na we ni Porphiru, yaremewe ko ari umuco wa gahunda ya kabiri, ariko mugihe cyo gukosora inyandiko no guhindura ibice bimwe, intwari yimukiye mu cyiciro cya Centre. Dukurikije ibitabo, mu ishusho ya porphyria, ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga umuvandimwe w'umwanditsi - Dmitry iratwikiriye. Salykov-ShchechesRin yemeje ko amagambo y'Abayahudi yahuriye hamwe n'imvugo yahindutse kandi impengamiro yo kurwano, isabwa n'umwanditsi w'umwanditsi.
Umwanditsi atangira inkuru, adasobanura isura ya Yuda, ariko imyumvire ye yo umukoro we. Salykov-Shchecherrin avuga amazina atatu amenyereye, amakuru kumuhungu akiri muto, kandi isura yo gucukura, bene wabo batinyaga. Ni ngombwa mu ishusho y'intwari ntabwo isura, ahubwo ni amazina "Judubka", "amazi atemba", kimwe na "Umuhungu uzimye" aranga imico. Amazina yemerera abasomyi kwibanda kuri physiologiya, ariko ku gitero.
Porphyry ntabwo yitwa kubwimpanuka, kimwe nintwari yimpanuka ikoresha amagambo afite inzitizi yihariye. Rero, disikuru y'Abayahudi ntirusa na mibi, ariko ni indashyikirwa kandi ntitoroshye. Mubikorwa, imiterere igaragaza ibitsina mumikino, harakunze n'uburyarya batemeranya n'imbere y'ukuzuza umuntu, kutitaho imbere umuntu, kutitaho ubumuntu na Egoism. Dialtity nicyo kintu nyamukuru kiranga Abayahudi. Uku kwivuguruza ni muri porphyry kuva mu bwana, ukomoka ku rukundo ku cyicaro gikuru.
"Nyagasani golovy"
Mu gitabo cyerekeye amateka y'urupfu rw'umuryango w'abayahudi beza, bigira uruhare runini, ishusho ye yahishuwe cyane ku mateka y'abandi bakinnyi. Saltykov-Shchecherrin yakoze neza umugambi wa Bibiliya, ubwira Yuda Iraarote, wagambaniye Kristo. Leitmotif yakoreshejwe mu gitabo. Kubwibyo, porphyry ifitanye isano na Yuda, kandi umuvandimwe winyuguti ashyirwaho mubusa rusange imico nibikorwa.
Judabuka yemeye guhemukira umuryango kubera umutungo. Ubuzima bwe bwose aharanira inyungu no ku nyungu, bifitanye isano n'inkuru za Bibiliya. Allsusion ku gusomana Yuda Iskariota ni lobsege ya lobsoyrement Mama nyuma yo kumundikira Golly. Umuhungu yategetse umugore kujya mu isambu umuvandimwe we, afata umutungo. Nyuma, epiphany, kurengana porphyria mucyumweru cyifuzo, ifitanye isano no gusobanukirwa ibyaha birangira nimugoroba wicyubahiro. Idini ryasobanuye ntiwuri ay'ukuri, kandi gusobanukirwa n'icyaha byaramusanze gitunguranye.
Birafitanye amatsiko Yuda apfa mu izuka ryiza. Downraho kubambariza, areba ubundi areba ishusho ya Yesu. Kwiyegurira ntabwo byari umuryango wa porphyria gusa, ahubwo ni abantu bose. Intwari, adashoboye gukora ibikorwa biremereye kandi akwiye, abika undi kubaho.
Hamwe na buri mutwe wigitabo, Porpfiri kuva kumuntu muzima uhindukirira umuzimu. Uhagarariye ubwoko bwazimye, buringanire bwarwanyije na benewabo batitaye kuri iyi shusho.
Umwanditsi yigana Abayahudi ku isi y'umwijima, yibutsa umubano we n'ingabo z'abadayimoni. Ibikorwa bye byemeza. Gusunika abahungu bawe bwite kugeza gupfa, ntabwo yumva yicukwa. Shyira hejuru umutungo wo muri Pogorelovka, wanze umuhungu we. Saltykov-shchecher ebyiri zikunze kugereranya intwari hamwe ninzoka yangiza abandi. Hamwe namagambo, Judodub "ajugunya umuzingo" kandi amburwa apata wahohotewe. Mu miyoboro ye mu magambo ahura na nyina, abavandimwe ndetse n'abakozi.
Salykov-ShchechesRin yasobanuye ubwoko bw'iteka, bwabayeho mu bitabo, n'ubutange rusange, buri wese muri twe yahuye n'ubuzima. Iyi ni intwari ishoboye kujya kumutwe kubwinyungu ze bwite, nubwo imisozi yabandi kandi yibagirwa gukiranuka, kuzamurwa mu ntera yo gukora ibihumeka. Yasobanuye rero tartaf jeliere. Muri We no muri Ranudka, ijambo ryiza kandi ntirigira ingaruka ku kibazo cyiza.
Amagambo
Roman Salykov-ShchecherRin yatewe amagambo ya filozofiya, kandi bamwe muribo ni abalaweki. Mu magambo ya Jolly, abantu bake bakikijwe n'abantu be babonye umutima wirabura wintwari. Amayeri ye yari muburemere bwabahanga, aho byari bikwiye gukoresha ibibazo nuburyarya.
"Sinkeneye inyoni ... kubera ko nta bigeragezo bafite." Porfirov yavuze. Ikigeragezo cye nyamukuru cyari umutungo w'umuryango.
Kugeza igihe, ayoboye, ayobowe nuko imyumvire ye ku isi atari NYUMA. Na mask yatoranijwe yemerera intwari gutera ishusho yoroshye.
Ati: "Twafatiwe hano, na Lukavim, nuko nzabimenya, kandi birashoboka gukurikira, kandi birashoboka gukurikira, kandi birashoboka gukurikira, kandi Imana, igihe cyose, gahunda zacu zose zo guhindukira mu mukungugu".Kandi we ubwe yabaye igitambo cyibintu, mubyukuri, imyumvire ye. Imiyoboro yifuza cyane ntabwo yabonaga umunezero kandi, wamenye amakosa ye, ntashobora gukomeza kubaho neza.
Judashka ni ayo magambo:
Ati: "Twebwe, Mammy, imyembo, Mikturnni Yego irashobora guhindura abaturage, kandi kubugingo bukenewe."Ntiyashoboye kubona imiti ashoboye gukiza ubugingo kubera kwigenga ibikomere.
Gukingira
Mu 1933, umuyobozi Alenander Ivanovsky yafashe filime ishingiye ku gitabo cy '"nyagasani Golovy". Uruhare rwa porfiria golovyev rwakinnye Vladimir gardin. Isuzuma ryambere rya firime ryari cinema yumukara na wuzura none ntabwo ikunzwe cyane.
Akazi ni ngombwa ku miterere y'ibitabo, aho abahanzi bazwi cyane bagaragaye mu ruhare rw'Abayahudi. Uruhare rwa Prafiriya Golovyev kuri mw mh 2017 rwakozwe na Snoktunovsky. Muri 2005, intsinzi ye muriyi shusho yasubiwemo Evgeny Mironov.