Ubuzima
Umunyamakuru, Sarikik na Deliker Nikolai Novokiya yinjiye mu nkuru atari kumwe n'uwashinze imitwe myinshi, ariko kandi nk'umwe mu bateguye amashuri, ariko kandi nk'umwe mu mfungwa za mbere za politiki mu Burusiya. Ifatwa rye ryabaye mu gihe cya helday yibikorwa no gusohora ibikorwa. Nyuma yo kuva muri gereza ya Novokov, ntibyashobokaga gukomeza imirimo, ariko, ko yashoboye kwandika, bihagije ku gisekuru cyose cy'abazabakomokaho.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov yavukiye mu ntara ya Moscowi, mu isambu ya Tikhvinsky-Avdotino, ku ya 27 Mata (8 Gicurasi) yo mu 1744. Yaturutse mu muryango w'icyubahiro, se yari umusirikare mukuru w'icyunamo. Guhishurwa k'umuhungu yigishije umudugudu isahani, nyuma Nicholas yahawe imikino ngoro ya Metropolitan. Umusore yizeyo imyaka 5 kandi ntagereranywa n'ubunebwe no kudahari.
Yagarutse ku babyeyi kandi yabanaga nabo muyindi myaka 2, yagiye mu kazi k'umudugudu wa Izmailovsky, watigishaga akivuka. Umwuga wa gisirikare wagenze neza, Novikov yahise akora mu bapolisi batoranijwe, ariko we ubwe atangira kumva ko roho ye itaryaguye, ahubwo ibeshya simusigane. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwe bwa mbere ubuvanganzo ni. Nikolai yatanze inkuru 2, yigenga yahinduwe mu gifaransa, na sonnet.
Mu 1767, Novikova yategetse akazi muri Komisiyo, yatumye habaho amategeko agezweho ya "kode nshya". Yari mu rubyiruko rwagombaga kuyobora inyandikomvugo y'inama. Byari ikintu gikomeye cyane kubera kugenzura kugiti cye cya Catherine II, kandi kwinjiza muri Komisiyo byamenyekanye n'Umunyacyubahiro wacyo ufite ubushobozi. "
Ngaho, Nikolai Ivanovich yashoboye gukemura cyane ibibazo by'ubuzima bw'Uburusiya, bwashyize urufatiro rw'ibitekerezo bye by'uburezi. Umunyamerika yabonye umuhanga ukiri muto ukiri muto, ndetse rero na nyuma yubuhinduzi bwa Izmailovsky muri Muromsky Novkov bakomeje gukora muri Komisiyo.
Itangazamakuru no gutangaza
Duhereye kuri uyu murimo yirukanwe mu 1769. Icyegeranyo cy "Kubitsa" cyarangiye, Nikolai Ivanovich yimukiye ku kazi n'umusemuzi muri collegium. Muri Gicurasi, muri uwo mwaka, ikinyamakuru kizwi "cone" gitangira gutangazwa.
Kuri base, Novikov yahawe uruhushya rw'Umwamikazi, ariko, yayoboye rwose, ntaho ahurira n'ibyifuzo by'ikirenga. Catherine II yasabye abamamaji y'ibinyamakuru nk'i "" ariko ntabwo ari abantu "(byegereye urwenya, ariko Novikov yatinyutse gucapa. Epigraf ya "Drone" yabaye umurongo wakuwe muri Basni Sumagav:
"Bakora, kandi uri umurimo wabo."Iyi nteruro yasabye ijwi mubitabo byose byatangajwe, byari bimaze kuvuza ibyemezo biriho byerekana urufatiro rwirabura. Novikov yaremye ikigo cyose cyamashusho yimpimbano - umururumba, karicature wa ba nyir'ubutaka bwa kabiri kandi udasanzwe, ijwi ryabantu imbere ya Pravdyidov, ijwi ryabantu imbere ya Pravdyidov, ku mugaragaro hamwe ku mugaragaro n'abanditsi b'ibitabo bya Leta. Umuntu wese usoma "Trouten" ashobora kumenya neza ko nta butabera bwabaye mu bwami bw'Uburusiya, cyangwa ngo gahunda.
Nikolai Ivanovich yitaye cyane ku buryo bwo kubungabunga umuco w'igihugu cy'Uburusiya, avuga cyane kurwanya "umucungumunje" maze asebya ishyaka ry'abanyacyubahiro na gasutamo y'Abafaransa no mu Budage. Muri icyo gihe, intego ye nyamukuru yari Seefdom: abifashijwemo n'imibare n'ukuri, yashushanyijeho ishusho y'ubuhinzi n'ubuzima, uburemere bukabije no kudahana.
Ekaterina Ii, birumvikana ko yagerageje gukumira ubukatizwa vuba bishoboka. Kubera ko adashoboye ko ari kumwe na we ku kirenge kimwe, yifashishije abayobozi n'imigambi idasanzwe mu 1770 yafunze iki kinyamakuru. Ntabwo byahagaritse Novikov, ariko bimuhatira kwitonda. Yabaye umwarimu w'ibinyamakuru byinshi. Ikimenyetso ", kiti:" Plapelle "," irangi "," iracyarengagiza imico itavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, ariko imvugo y'ibitabo yasimbuwe n'ibiryo byinshi.
"Seceel" yahise agira ibyago bya "drone", ariko "amarangi" n'abayoboke be bashoboye kwimanza igihe kirekire. Mu nyandiko nshya ya Novoikov, ba nyirinzu baracyamugaye, ariko ntibagiye mu bujurire bw'impinduramatwara. Byaba byiza cyane kwita umwanya wa politiki kubidasanzwe.
Igikorwa cyo kwimukira cyabaye intangiriro yintambwe itandukanye mu itangazamakuru ry'Uburusiya. Byari ubwoko bushya wa saire, bwuzuzanya nubuhanga bushya bwukuri, ubutwari no kutavuguruzanya. Kuva kuri gahunda zishaje, yatandukanijwe nubwoko butandukanye no kuba hari ibishushanyo mbonera byamagambo.
Mu 1774, Nikolai Ivanovich yeguye kandi yitangira akazi k'ubuvanganzo. Nyuma yimyaka 3, yabaye uwashinze ikinyamakuru "urumuri rwo mugitondo", yashyize icyerekezo cyitangazamakuru rya filozofiya mu Burusiya. Buhoro buhoro, umubwiriza yavuye muri Sitire maze ahindukirira uburezi, ahindura ijwi ryubushinja kugira ubwenge.
Mu 1779, Novikov yimukiye i Moscou maze atangira gutangaza "Moscou vedosti", ikinyamakuru cyashyizweho ku byitegererezo by'i Burayi, bihuriye n'amakuru amakuru y'isesengura. Aho kuba "urumuri rwa mugitondo", ikinyamakuru "Moscow buri kwezi" Bidatinze, kandi Vedosti yabonye porogaramu mu ngingo zatoranijwe. Nyuma, Nikolai Ivanovich yatangiye gutanga ibinyamakuru byihariye "gusoma abana". "Isomero rya Madamu Musan umusazi", aho uhora ukora gahunda ye y'uburezi.
Masonry
Nyuma yo kwimukira mu murwa mukuru, inshuti za Nikolai Ivanovich yamumenyesheje ingendo za Masonic, nyuma yaje kuba ingingo y'ingenzi ya biografiya. Ubutumire bwo kwinjira mu nzego za Manyoni, yakiriye mu 1775, ariko igihe kirekire yashidikanyaga, atimaze kumva inyigisho n'ibitekerezo kandi ntashaka kwishora mu ndahiro nto.
Abakozi, ariko, bashakaga cyane kubishakira ubwabo ndetse banamubwira mbere kubyerekeye intambwe 3 za mbere, zivuguruza amategeko ariho. Amaherezo, Novikov yarabyemeye, ariko bidatinze yimuka muri gahunda ya Elaginskaya kuri rehelhel, aho abitabiriye amahugurwa bari bashishikajwe n'ibirenge byo kwizirikana no kwitwara.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nta gihe cyo kubaho kwe ku giti cye cyumwanditsi, kandi icyifuzo cyo kumarana umwanya kumutima. Hamwe numugore uzaza wa Novoikov bahuriye munzu yinshuti ishaje Nikolai Trubetsky. Alexandra Egorovna Rimskaya-Korshikov yari afite nyir'inzu mwishywa. Ubukwe bwasojwe vuba, ariko ntiyari yishimye cyane, kubera ko nta rukundo rwari hagati y'abashakanye. Mu 1791, Alegizandere yarapfuye, asiga Nicholas Ivanovich abana batatu.
Abakomoka ku bashakanye barwaye Padicha (igicuri). Yakinguye hamwe n'abana bose icyarimwe nyuma yo gushakisha, Abahusando baraturika hagati yinzu bajyana na se bajyana na se.
Urupfu
Kugeza 1772, umubwiriza utajejejeje amaherezo yambaraga inzego zo kwihangana kwa Catherine II. Byose byatangiriye kubuzwa gukodesha inzu yo gucapa, gufunga umwamamaji no gushakisha mu ngingo Noristia na KRAMOL ", amaherezo, umwanzuro mu gihome cya ShlisElburg.
Nyuma yimyaka 4, Paul Nabohoye umuhanga, ariko arabubuza gutangazwa no kugira uruhare mubikorwa byimibereho. Nyuma yaho, umwanya wa Nikolai Ivanovich ntiwateye imbere, kandi buhoro buhoro, wambuwe uburenganzira bwo gutora, batangira kwibagirwa.
Nyuma yo kwibohora mu gihome, umubwiriza wateye imbere yamenyeshejwe amakuru ateye ubwoba: igihe yari muri gereza, umutungo wose wabereye uwawe wagurishijwe muri cyamunara. Abifashijwemo n'inshuti n'inzandiko nyinshi murugero rwa Novikov basubije isambu ya Avdotino, ariko inyubako zari zimeze nabi amafaranga n'ingabo zose zisigaye zagombaga gusubizwa.
Imyenda nini yashizweho, kandi kwishyura umwanditsi byari kwishyura inyungu ku Inguzanyo. Buri mwaka mu Kuboza yagombaga gusinya neza amafaranga yifuzwa kandi ahora abaho kubera gutinya ko umutungo uzajyana n'inyundo.
1817 Yatanzwe kuri Novikov bigoye cyane - umwenda washoboye kwishyura mugihe cyanyuma. Duhereye ku byishimo bikomeye, yatsinzwe na Stroke, aherekejwe no kubura kwibuka maze aba ku ya 31 Kanama (12 Kanama) yo ku rupfu.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nikolai Ivanovich, umuryango we wagumye mu bijyanye n'ubukungu. Nikolai Mikhaiach Karamzin ndetse yatanze umwami, aho yari umusanzu wa nyakwigendera mu bucuruzi bwo kumurikirwa bw'Uburusiya, yasabye kugorana no kwishyura imyenda ya cyaburiri.