Ubuzima
Alexander borodin ni umuhanga uzwi cyane hamwe nuwahimbye ukomeye wabaye ibintu bidasanzwe mukibaya cy'Uburusiya cyo mu kinyejana cya 19. Umunyeshuri umaze kuvumbura ibintu byinshi mu bijyanye na chimie organike, ufata imiti umwuga w'ingenzi, wamenyekanye nk'Umuremyi wa Opera "Umutware wa Opera" Porce, Symphony n'ibindi bikorwa by'umuziki bizwi ku isi yose.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alexander Polofiriyevich Borodin, wavutse ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1833, yari umuhungu utarahiriye uhagarariye ubwoko bwa Jeworujiya ya Plandice Form ya Luka GEdevanish u n'umukobwa w'igihome. Kuva ku rujijo kugeza ku myaka 8, umuhungu yagumye ari hob ya sekuruza, na porphyrian Borodin hamwe n'umugore we Tatiana yafatwaga nk'ababyeyi ba SASHA. Mbere y'urupfu, igikomangoma cyera umudendezo na nyina, wahawe umuganga wa gisirikare witwa Kleinek, kandi ategura ejo hazaza habo, atanga ibizaza, atanga inzu yagutse.
Kubera ko udafite uburenganzira bwo kwakira amasomo mu rukuta rwa Gymnasium, Borodin yize mu rugo, yabonye ubumenyi ku nyigisho nyinshi z'ishuri. Umuhungu yiboneye ashimishijwe na muzika kandi agaragaza impengamiro yo guhimba. Igihe Sasha yari afite imyaka 9, yahimbye imbyino ntoya atangira kumenya umwironge, Cello na Piyano, kandi afite imyaka 13 yabaye umwanditsi w'ibitaramo byuzuye igitaramo cyuzuye ashishikarizwa na Opera ". Gacol Meyerbera.
Gushimishwa nubuhanzi ntibyagarukiye gusa kumuziki - uwahimbye ukiri muto yari ashushanyijeho kandi akora ibikorwa byo guhanga. Mugereranije, umuhungu yashimishijwe na chimie, siyanse, yafashaga kumva ibihimbano na kamere yibintu bishimishije. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere Borodin yakoresheje murugo. Kureba no guhangayikishwa no kubungabunga inzu, nyina yahisemo ko Umwana azakenera kurangiza hamwe na Gymnasium akajya kumenya.
Hifashishijwe akarere k'ikigo cya Leta, umusore yariyemeje mu bacuruzi maze yohererezwa ishuri ry'ubuvuzi no kubaga, kubaga, ategeka umwuga wa muganga. Nikolai NikoLavich Zinin.
Ubuvuzi na chimie
Amahugurwa arangiye mu 1857, Borodin yakoraga mu bitaro bya gisirikare. Umwaka umwe, yarwanije inyigisho ye, yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri mu buvuzi maze akora imirimo y'ubushakashatsi. Imirimo ya mbere ya siyansi yahimbye Alexandre yari raporo ku ngaruka z'amazi mabuye y'umubiri w'umuntu, wabaye rusange mu 1859.
Muri uwo mwaka, inama y'amasomo yohereje borodin mu mahanga kuzamura impamyabumenyi kandi baremeza uburambe bw'amahanga. Kuko imyaka 2 mu Budage, ryakozwe gikikijwe siyansi umuhanga, Edward Jung, Ivan Sechenov, Sergey Botkin, Nikolai Zinin, Dmitry Mendeleev, umushakashatsi bato uruhare mu nama ya siyansi mu Congress, aho mu bitekerezo ya "uduhimba" na "atome" byasobanuwe neza.
Mu rugendo rw'ubucuruzi, Borodin yasuye Ubutaliyani, ahura n'abarimu baho, bashiraho ubushakashatsi bw'imiti yashizwe kuri fluoride muri laboratoire y'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Pisa. Impeshyi 1862 Umuhanga wongeye guha mu Budage, yimukira mu murwa mukuru w'Abafaransa mu gihe cy'itumba.
Alegizandere yasubiye mu gihugu cye mu ntangiriro ya 1863. Yatsinze raporo ku kazi ka siyansi maze afata umwanya wa Porofeseri wungirije w'i AIGITY, yahujwe no kwigisha. Umwaka umwe, Borodin yazamuye umwarimu usanzwe kandi ategeka kuyobora laboratoire y'imiti, aho yakomeje kwishora mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Mu 1868, hamwe na mwarimu we, Nikolai Zinin, Alexandre yashyizeho urufatiro rw'umuryango w'Abarusiya, hanyuma rutanga umusanzu mu dugandukira Dmitseleev mu mitunganyirize y'amasomo y'ubuvuzi ku banyarwandakazi.
Mu 1877, Borodin yageze ku ntambwe yo hejuru y'umuryango w'abahanga kandi yakiriye izina ry'umuhanga, kandi mu 1883 sosiyete y'Abarusiya yatorewe n'abanyamuryango b'icyubahiro. Mu gihe cya siyansi, chemine chedied yanditse ibiganiro birenga 40, ni iy'ubuvumbuzi bwa bejene fluoride hamwe nuburyo bwo kubona karubone yasubiwemo Halogen, yiswe Borodin-Hunsuddiker.
Umuziki
Nubwo borodin ko Borodin yishyuye ibihe byinshi bya siyansi, umuziki wakomeje kuba igice kinini cyubuzima bwe. Nkumunyeshuri, Alexandre porfiriyevich yahimbye miniature gukina piyano na roza, ikunzwe cyane yari "melody yabarabu" n "indirimbo yijimye". Yagiye mu mahanga, yagiye mu bitarazi, azirana n'umurimo w'abahimbyi b'i Burayi, Feligick Mendelssoh, Frederick Chopin, Richard Wagner, Robert Shuman n'abandi.
I St. Petersburg, umuhanga ukiri muto yahuye n'umuziki ukomeye n'umuturage w'ibilemetero ba Kilikirev maze aba umunyamuryango ", niko muri we, Nikolay Rimsky-Korsarikov, Sezari Kyui. Ishyirahamwe, riyobowe no kunegura ubuvanganzo, Vladimir Stasov, wabaye umuryango wa kabiri wa Borodin, yagize uruhare ruryoshye mu muziki no guhangayikishwa no guhanga umutoza wa Mikhail Glinka.
Inyandiko bwite Alexander Porfiriyevich yakozwe ku mugoroba wo guteka mu nzu ya Mitrofan Belyava, aho ikirusiya cyo guhanga Ikirusiya cyateraniye. Ingingo nyamukuru z'igihangano za Borodina bari umudendezo, gukunda umubyeyi n'ubwibone bw'igihugu cy'Uburusiya. Borodin yabaye imwe mu myitwarire y'intwari-enic mu muziki w'Uburusiya.
Igicuruzwa cya mbere cy'ingenzi cy'uwahimbye ubwoko bushya, cyiciwe mu 1869 na Orchestre uyoboye inshuti ye umuyobozi wa Mia wa Balakirev, yazanye umwanditsi icyubahiro n'icyamamare. Uwahimbye urukundo 16, Symphonies 3, misono, Miniatures Igikoresho, Umuziki "muri Aziya yo hagati" muri Aziya yo hagati ", hamwe na Opera" na "Umuganwa Igor".
Ubukuru nyabwo bw'impano ya Borodin bwagaragaye muri simhodin "bogatyr", "bogatyr", yahinduye imbaraga za epi z'abarusiya. Muri iki gikorwa, intego zo kubyina zatewe ningingo ziva ku mutima kandi zikomera buhoro buhoro, zihinduka mu ijwi rikomeye ryabakinnyi ba Epic.
Hamwe na simfoni "bogatyr", operatike "ibikomangoma bitarangiye", umwanditsi yakoraga imyaka 18. Yabaye inzuki y'imiterere y'intwari muri muzika, igipimo gitangaje cy'urugero rw'ibicanyi chorus na ecboside itemewe ryamashusho yihariye. Birashimishije kuba ibyo biremwa bikomeye byakozwe nuwahimbye muburyo busa, nibikoresho bigenewe inyandiko imwe rimwe na rimwe bibaye igice cyundi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Igihe yari mu mahanga, Borodin yitaye ku musore wa piyano Cathetopova, yabereye mu Budage inzira yo kwivuza kuva asima idakira. Umukobwa wari ufite iburanisha rwose yatsinzwe muri sosiyete yumuhanga, akamenyerana ninyandiko z'abahimbyi b'iburayi. Urubyiruko rwamaranye igihe kinini, rwasuye ibitaramo i Baden-baden, bidatinze bakundana maze mfata icyemezo cyo gushaka.
Ubukwe bwabereye mu mpeshyi ya 1863. Abashakanye batuye i St. Petersburg, mu nzu ifasha inzu ku muhanda w'ingurube.
Kubera ibibazo bidakira n'ibihaha, Ekaterina Sergeyevna ntiyashoboraga kuguma mu murwa mukuru w'amajyaruguru igihe kirekire. Kugenda kuri Moscou mu rugo rw'umubyeyi drank borodin. Ibintu byinshi byubuzima bwumuhanga nabagizemo uruhare twize mumabaruwa abashakanye bahana mugihe cyo gutandukana. Abashakanye ntibari bafite abana kandi bigasaba kwigunga kw'impungenge zerekeye abanyeshuri bajyanywe mu bwitonzi, babonaga abakobwa kavukire.
Urupfu
Inzira y'ubuzima irangiye, Borodin yishora mu bikorwa rusange, yari umunyamuryango w'imitwe itandukanye, umuyobozi wa korari y'abanyeshuri na Orchestre Symphony, yagize uruhare mu bwanga kandi bakunzwe muri siyansi.
Mu 1880, inshuti n'umwigisha wa Uhimbyi Nikolay Zinin yarapfuye, kandi mu mwaka ntabwo yabaye mugenzi wabo yakundaga Muturgsky. AKAZI KA DETHITANGA, GUTAKAZA YANUNTU KANDI UTAZI Umugore urwaye yashyizeho ikimenyetso kuri leta yumubiri na psychologiya ya borodin.
Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 1887, mu kwizihiza karnivali yagutse, Uwahimbye yishimisha muri sosiyete y'inshuti na bagenzi be, Loti Loti arabyina, aratongana. Hagati y'abasore, Alexandre porfiriyevich yavutse mu gice cy'igice maze agenda hasi. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuhanga ukomeye kandi uwahimbye yari icyuho cy'umutima.
Borodin yashyinguwe muri Masts ya Necropolis yubuhanzi Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Urwibutso rufite ishusho ya nyakwigendera, ruzengurutswe n'amabwiriza ya molecular, yashyizwe ku mva.
Amaze kwegura ku gihombo, inshuti za Borodin bakoze bimwe mubyaremwe bye bitakurya. Nikolai Rimsky-korsokov n'abandi bahagarariye umuryango wa muzika barangije umutware wa Opera igikomangoma Igor, yashyikirizwa rubanda mu 1890, Alexander Glazunov, Alexander Glazunov yakoze orchestration ya Symphony ya 3 A-Moll.
Akazi
- 1849 - "Panthetic Adagio (As-Dur)"
- 1850 - "Umva, Abakobwa Bakobwa, Indirimbo yanjye"
- 1862 - "Umugozi Quintet (F-Moll)"
- 1866 - "Symphony No 1 es-Dur"
- 1867 - "Umuganwakazi uryamye"
- 1868-1872 - "Quartet y'abagabo idafite iherekeje" Serenade ya Cavaliers Zine Umudamu umwe "
- 1868 - "Bogatry"
- 1869-1887 - "Umuganwa Igor"
- 1875 - "Symphony No 2 H-Moll" BogaTyr "
- 1887 - "Symphony No 3 A-Moll"
- 1880 - "Symphonic" muri Aziya yo hagati "