Ubuzima
Francois Rabl - Umwanditsi-wumuntu, uhagarariye kuvugurura. Umwanditsi uzwi ku isi yazanye igitabo "Gargantua na Pantagyel". Urukundo rwa groteque rwishora mu musomyi mumigenzo ya rubanda, abanditsi bagezweho nibishusho biranga.
Rabel ya Francois yavukiye mu 1494 mu ntara y'Ubufaransa ya Turne, mu mujyi witwa Shinon. Abashakashatsi bamwe bizeye ko itariki yo kugaragara ku mucyo ifite agaciro kandi afite imyaka 1483. Ibiganiro byerekeranye n'ahantu havutse, itariki, imibereho y'ababyeyi n'imiryango mike aho Francois yabayeho, aratandukanye.
Aba biografiya bavuga ko Se ashobora kuba umunyamategeko, Rwiyemezamirimo cyangwa umunyacyubahiro muto. Nta makuru yukuri yari kuri ibi, bityo ikirere cyo gutekereza kubitekerezo ni kinini. Nyina w'umwanditsi yapfuye igihe umuhungu yari akiri muto cyane, nubwo bari amakimbirane.
Izwi cyane ku buryo mu 1510 umwana yimuriwe mu burezi mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana cya Franciscan, aho yigishijwe. Mu 1521, kumvira bemeye umuhigo. Muri icyo gihe, abatambyi bari abari bafata ubumenyi. Muri bo harimo abantu barereraga abaganga n'abaganga, abahanga mu bya filozofiya n'abavoka. Gutunga impamyabumenyi, bayoboye umwanda w'ibyabaye ku gihugu cyabo kavukire.
Igihe yari mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana, Rabela yize Ikilatini, amategeko y'Abaroma na siyansi karemano, ubuvuzi na anatomiya. Imyifatire ye irimo amateka ye irimo amateka, pfilologiya, ubuvanganzo na siyansi kamere. Umuhungu yinjiye mu bumenyi bw'ikiremwamuntu n'ubumenyi, ntiyibagiwe iterambere ry'umwuka. Umusore Rabl yakundaga ubushakashatsi kandi akora ingingo nyinshi, zikurikira igitabo, ishimwe ryamuritse siyanse y'icyo gihe.
Kuri gahunda ya Mutagatifu Francis, ibikorwa by'umusore Francois byazanye inyungu kandi ntibyari bitandukanije imigenzo n'insanganyamatsiko byemejwe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana. Ariko isomero rihari ryaretse kugaburira umuhanga ukiri muto. Mu 1524, ibitabo by'Abagereki byabonetse mu isomero rye bwite, byagaragaye n'amahanga mu bya tewolojiya nk'ibikoresho biteza imbere abaporotesitanti. Hamwe n'ubufasha bwabo bivugwa ko byashobokaga gusobanura Isezerano Rishya.
Kwirukana ibitabo byateje ubwitonzi bwa Rabeli kuba Benedigine ibitekerezo bye byafatwaga nkibyizerwa. Umugongo wa Mutagatifu Benedigito wabereye i Melzé yabaye aho Francois yakomeje kwiga. Nyuma, umumonaki yavuye muri minisiteri y'Itorero, atangira kwiga ubuvuzi. Mu 1532, yasohoye Galen imirimo n'imirimo ihabishijwe kandi akora mu buvuzi. Rabel abaye umupadiri w'isi, umuganga w'ubuvuzi asoma ibiganiro kubanyeshuri bibanza na Montpellier.
Ubuvanganzo
Defcois Rabel yari umwanditsi wibitekerezo byuburezi. Bibliografiya ye igizwe n'imirimo 20, muri zo harimo ibitabo kuri anatomiya n'ibikorwa, gutanga ibitekerezo ku murimo wa hypocrat. Rabel yasohotse muri Almanahs, ashyira imbere ibitekerezo kubyerekeye ingaruka zigaragara, imiterere nimyitwarire ya muganga ku barwayi. Yabaye kandi umwanditsi w'imirimo yerekeye ubwubatsi bwa kera n'umuco wa kera. Ibirwanya biyita ibi bikorwa by monografi ya kera.
Ikintu nyamukuru cyabonye ubuvanganzo mu buzima bwa Francois Rabl cyari igitabo kijyanye n'ibihangange witwa Garganua na Pantagruel. Mu cyiciro cy'ibitabo 5, umwanditsi yigaragaje ko ari satle ihishe. Gukora umurimo ukomeye, washishikarijwe no kumenyana nimibonano mpuzabitsina kubyerekeye Gargantua. Mu kwigana Rabel yahisemo kurangiza ubwoko bwo gukomeza, yongeraho inkuru y'inkuru y'umwami wa Dipcode Pantagruele. Mu 1532, igitabo "Pantagruel" cyasohotse munsi ya alias cya alcofrybas yitwa. Yamaganye muri Sorbinonne, azi amahano. Abaturage barwanya abahanga bishimiye umurimo wa RABL.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Francois yanditse igitabo "Gargantua", byabanjirije ibyavuzwe mugikorwa cya mbere, kuko Gargantua yagombaga kuba se wa Pantagrulse. Mu 1546 igitabo cya 3 cyagaragaye ku mucyo. Umwanditsi we yasinye izina rye bwite, aterera izina ry'irihimbano. Mu gitabo cya Sorbonnery, ubuyobe bwaratoranijwe. Ariko gucirwaho iteka byaturutse ku bandi basomyi: Inteko ishinga amategeko yabujijwe akazi. Iyi nkuru yemerewe umutekano, kubera ko ibyago bikikijwe n'abaterankunga benshi bakomeye, inkunga yabo yakoreshejwe n'umuntu.
Kubitangaza igice cya 3 cya opus kuri Garganua na Pantagruela, Rabel ntabwo yakiriye igihano cyatewe no ku mibanire ya gicuti y'inshuti ye, ya Francis I. Umunyamahane ku giti cye yatanze uruhushya rw'umwanditsi gutangaza gukomeza igitabo. Nibyo, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami, guverinoma yongeye guhagarika kugurisha ibitabo by'ibihangange byasohotse muri kiriya gihe.
Igitabo cya 5 cycle cyasohotse nyuma y'urupfu rwa Rabl. Bamwe mu banegura ubuvanganzo bemeza ko bidakwiye kwitirirwa guhanga umutwe w'umwanditsi, kubera ko inkuru ya nyuma y'imvugo ishobora kurema umuntu kubanyeshuri cyangwa abayoboke b'umwanditsi. Usibye amateka ya Garganua na Pantagruela, Rabl yanditse imirimo ya sariya no kubindi ngingo. Abumva bishimiye guhura na "Encyclopedia yo guseka." Ihanamye, gushinyagurira, uhuriza hamwe numuco wabantu bamenyekanye mugihe cyikinyejana cya 16, bizana abasomyi umunezero nyawo.
Abakunzi ba Rabel bashimye inkuru ngufi yumwanditsi. Ububiko bw'umwanditsi yiboneye afitanye isano n'insanganyamatsiko y'igihe gito hamwe n'ibitera gusetsa mu mateka. Francois yashinyaguritse. Mu bushakashatsi bwe, Mikhail Bakhtin yatekereje ku nsanganyamatsiko yimigenzo yabantu baseka mumirimo ya RABL. Umushakashatsi witwa uburyo bw'umwanditsi. Kubwibyo, urwenya rutoroshye ntigukomeza gusetsa none, nubwo batakaza neza mugihe cyubuhinduzi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Rabel ya Francois yagize uruhare mu bikorwa by'ubuvanganzo, ayihuza n'imiterere y'umupadiri w'isi. Yagizwe ubucuti bwa hafi na Jean Du Dudle, utarangije mu nzego z'itorero. Guillaume Dudle nayo yateguye Rabl. Umwanditsi yari afite abana babiri batemewe inkomoko yafashije kwemeza inshuti ze, gutegura amategeko mu 1540. Auguste Francois na Juni bakiriye izina rya Data.
Kubyerekeye ubuzima bwihariye bwa saticar azi bike. Mu 1864, aba biopiriri basangaga muri Lyon, umwanditsi kandi yabyaye umuhungu wo mu mukobwa Zhanna, ntarahinduka Rabl. Umuhungu witwa Theodoul. Yapfuye afite imyaka 2.
Kuva mu 1547, Rabeli ya Francois yakoraga nka vicari mu majyaruguru y'ubufaransa, muri paruwasi muri Saint-Christoph-Dhambe na Mödon. Itorero aho yafashe Paruwasi, rirakinguye uyu munsi. Kubijyanye noography yumuntu ukomeye nyuma, Vicar iriho ivuga yishimye. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko RABL yahatiwe kwakira gahunda kubera ubuzima butagira isoni. Kugera icyo gihe barose kubona abayobozi b'amadini yose y'urwego rw'amadini yo hagati. Birashoboka ko umugaragu kandi hano atananiwe gukoresha umubano.
Ukuri gushimishije: Kuba ubwumvikane kumpapuro zakazi, Rabel yatandukanijwe nubusa nubusatsi ndetse mubuzima. Hamwe na bagenzi bacu, yakunze gusetsa annecdote ninkuru zisekeje.
Kugarura neza isura yumwanditsi ntibishoboka. Yambaye umusatsi mugufi no kwandura. Amashusho amwe yumwanditsi atuma bishoboka gufata uko byasaga, ariko amashusho aratandukanye. Akenshi, Rabl agereranya umusaza ufite ubwanwa. Igishushanyo cyonyine cyumwanditsi mumyaka nyayo isi yishimiye Henri Matisse. Ishusho yakozwe mu 1951, ntabwo yanditse muri kamere.
Urupfu
Mu 1552, Francois Rabel yandikiye ibaruwa umukaridinali, aho yamusabye kumukuraho kubera ibibazo by'ubuzima. Itorero ryagiye guhura. Mu gihe cy'itumba, umwanditsi 1553 yasubiye i Paris. Yabayeho mu nzu yoroheje yapfiriye muri Mata uwo mwaka. Lekari yaho ntiyatanze ubuvuzi bukenewe. Impamvu nyayo y'urupfu ntiyamenyekanye.
Ntakintu kizwi ku minsi yanyuma yubuzima bwumwanditsi. Biografi ndetse biragoye guhamagara ahantu hashyinguwe. Byemezwa ko umubiri we wasanze ubuhungiro bwa nyuma ku irimbi rya metropolitan hamwe na katedrali ya St. Paul. Amakuru yemejwe n'ibitabo bya cathedrale, ariko verisiyo yo gushyingura Rabeli iri ahandi. Epitaph y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi mu 1554 yanditse Jacques Tiaroo na Pierre de Ronsar.
Mu murage wa Francois, Rabel yasize abakomoka ku mirimo, igitabo kizwi, inkuru n'amagambo, byerekana urugero rwubwenge bwabo.
Amagambo
"Ntabwo ndeba isaha: Igihe cyahimbwe umuntu, atari umuntu ku gihe." "Irari riza mu manywa." "Bwira ukuri kandi ushishikaye."Bibliografiya
- 1532 - "Pantagruel, Umwami wa Dfisode, yerekanwe mu mibanire yacyo n'ibikorwa byayo byose biteye ubwoba n'ibikorwa"
- 1534 - "Pantagruel, Umwami wa Dfisode, yerekanwe mu rwego rwo kunyurwa n'ibikorwa byayo byose biteye ubwoba no gukora ibikorwa"
- 1546 - "Igitabo cya gatatu cyibikorwa byintwari ninzuzi za pantagryeel nziza, inyandiko ya Matra Francois Rabl, umuganga wubuvuzi"
- 1552 - "Igitabo cya kane cy'ibikorwa by'Intwari n'umushahara wa Pantagrseel, inyandiko ya Matra Francois Rabl, umuganga w'ubuvuzi"
- 1564 - "Icya gatanu, na nyuma, igitabo cyintwari n 'ibikorwa byintwari ninzuzi bya pantagruela, inyandiko ya muganga wumutima Madicois Rabl"