Ubuzima
Kurt vonnegwit numunyamerika umwanditsi, umwigisha numwanditsi wikinyejana cya 20. Abatagomba kumenyera imirimo ye, birashoboka ko bahuye na Aphoririsms yumwanditsi. Ibikorwa bizwi cyane bya Kurt Wannegut bifatwa nk'ibitabo "injangwe y'inka" na "nimero ya gatanu, cyangwa akajagari k'abana."Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Kurt vonneGut yavukiye mu muryango w'abimukira b'Abadage ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1922. Igihugu cye ni umujyi w'Abanyamerika wa Indianapolis, ukunze kugaragara mubikorwa by'umwanditsi. Se w'umuhungu yashinze isosiyete y'ubwubatsi, na nyina - Umukobwa wa mirioaire winjije imivugo. Umugore watsinze abana batatu, Kurt yari afite umuvandimwe na mushiki wanjye: Bernard na Alice.
Igihe cyo kwiheba kinini cyatumye umuryango uhangayikishijwe n'imiterere y'ubukungu, kuko ibintu byangiritse. Umutware wumuryango yagumye adafite akazi. Muri iki gihe, nyina Kurt yerekanye uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, uburyo budashobora kuboneka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 1944, umugore yiyahuye. Ibi byabaye bikomeje gutungurwa cyane no kwibuka Kurt.
Mu gutsimbarara kuri se, arangije amashuri ku ishuri ryishuri, Vonnevut yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Kornelia kubera ibihangano bya chimie. Murumuna we mu 1939 yahawe impamyabumenyi muri chimie mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts, kandi umubyeyi yari yizeye ko Kurt ishobora kwerekana ubushobozi muri iki cyerekezo.
Papa yatekereje ko ishyaka ry'Umwana w'amateka na filozofiya ridafite ishingiro, kandi Kurt yari ashishikajwe na chimie. Icyo gihe, ibitekerezo bye byari ibitabo. Intambwe ya mbere mu cyerekezo cyo guhanga yumusore yakoze, ikora mu kinyamakuru abanyeshuri.
Kurt vonnegut ntabwo yarangije muri kaminuza. Tumaze imyaka 3 mu kigo cy'uburezi, yahise amenyekana nk'umwanditsi na mushakisha. Intangiriro y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yatumye umusore yifatanya n'ingabo. Yimuriwe muri kaminuza ya Carnegie, hanyuma, Tennessee, aho yize injeniyeli.
Serivisi ya gisirikare n'umwuga
Nyuma yo kujya imbere, Vonnegut hafi yahise yishimira abasirikare b'Abadage. Yisanze mu nkambi y'abakozi i Dresden, aho yitegereza ibibera mu myaka y'intambara. Ibitekerezo by'imirimo y'umwanditsi yashinzwe. Igihe inyenyeri yabaye, imfungwa zari zifunzwe mu kibero cyatawe, aho imirambo yinyama zahoze. Dresden yari mu matongo, kandi Kurta yashoboye kubaho mu buryo bw'igitangaza kubaho.
Yitabiriye ingoro y'ibihe. Dukurikije ibitekerezo bya vonnegwit, hari abantu ibihumbi 250 mu bahohotewe. Nyuma ibitekerezo byibyabaye, umwanditsi azasobanura mu murimo wa "Ubugwamo nimero 5, cyangwa akajagari k'abana."
Nyuma yo kwibohora Leipzig, imfungwa zerekezaga mu karere ka Sundaan. Imbaraga z'abasirikare b'Abasoviyeti, aka gace yarekuwe abatera abanzi muri Gicurasi 1945. Wonneguta yerekanye igihembo cy '"umutima w'umutuku", ugenewe uwahohotewe, yakomeretse mu gihe cy'imirwano. Umwanditsi w'umudari ntabwo yigeze amenyane cyane, kuko igikomere cye cyari gito.
Gusubira mu ntambara, Vonnegwit yatuye mu gihugu cye maze yinjira muri studio ya nyuma ya kaminuza ya Chicago. Guhugura umwanditsi wa Novice hamwe nakazi k'umunyamakuru wa polisi. Yakiriye umwanya muri Biro y'Umujyi. Mu 1947, umugabo yatangaye impamyabumenyi ku ngingo iringaniye iringaniye hagati y'icyiza n'ikibi mu migani. Akazi kanemwe ntibyemera. Imiterere ya Master Kurt vonnegut yakiriye mu 1971. Ibi byatewe no kurekura igitabo "Injangwe y'inka".
BrowNeGut yimukiye mu mujyi witwa Skeneccta n'imbaraga za mwene wabo, yabonye akazi muri sosiyete y'amashanyarazi ya Drie, aho yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe umubano. Imirimo yinzobere harimo kwandika amakuru kuri ibyorezo, byagezweho muri laboratoire yisosiyete. Vonnegut yatinze hano kugeza 1951.
Gushyikirana n'abahanga mu bya siyansi byasize ibimenyetso mu kazi k'umwanditsi. Gukora inshingano zihuse ku manywa, nijoro yandika inkuru. Bamwe muribo boherejwe mu kinyamakuru "ICYUMWERU CY'UMUNTU". Nyuma yo gutsindwa, igitabo cyasohotse ibyanditswe 2, kwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi 1.7. Kumenya ko ibikorwa by'ubuvanganzo bishobora kuzana kwinjiza, byafashe umwanzuro wo kwitangira umuhamagaro nyawo.
Ibitabo
Ibintu byinshi bishimishije kuri biografiya byagize ishingiro ryimirimo yagashya. Ibyabaye mu busore bwe byagaragaye muri "Utopia 14", byasohotse mu 1952. Umwanditsi asobanura ejo hazaza umuntu mubikorwa byose byibikorwa ashoboye gusimbuza imodoka. Ibitabo "Sirena Titn", byasohotse mu 1959, kandi "ingofero y'injangwe", yasohowe mu 1963, ibarwa mu bihimbano.
Mu 1967, Kurtie vonnegwit yahawe buruse ya Guggnendeim, yemerera umwanditsi gusura Dresden gukusanya ibikoresho byo mu gitabo gishya. Icyitegererezo cya Stylsiriyeho yatsinze n'imyitwarire ye bifatwa nk'igitabo cy '"ubugome 5, cyangwa akajagari k'abana", cyanditswe mu 1969. Mu 1972, Roorge Roy Hill yafashe film kuri film. Kinortina yabaye uwatsinze ibirori bya firime.
Mu gihe kuva 1965 kugeza 1967, umwanditsi yakoranye na kaminuza muri Iowa, kubera icyegeranyo cy'inkuru zigufi cyitwa "ikaze ku nguge" zagaragaye ku inguge "zagaragaye ku isi. Yamagandutse yakusanyije kandi nk'umukinnyi w'ikinamico, arema ikinamico "isabukuru nziza, Wanda Jun". Akazi kashyizwe ku cyiciro cya New York Theatre, maze mu 1971 mu 1971 umuyobozi Mark Robson yakuyeho abatwara aba bakinnyi.
Mu 1973, urumuri rwabonye Umuroma "Ifunguro rya mu gitondo rya nyampinga". Muri icyo gihe, wannegu yahawe umutwe wa Porofeseri wo kuvuga icyongereza muri kaminuza ya New York. Ibikurikira byakurikiwe no gutangaza ibitabo bya Balagan, "ntoya nta nkubura", "ubwanwa bw'ubwanwa bwubururu", "yibanda kuri pokus" n'abandi. Dukurikije abanegura, Kurt vonnegwit yahujije ibintu bigize ibihimbano bya siyansi hamwe n'imigenzo ya Groetque na Liviave y'Abongereza mu bikorwa.
Mu 1994, umwanditsi yatangaje ku mugaragaro kurangiza umwuga w'ubuvanganzo, ariko mu 1997 Bibiliya ye yuzuzaga igitabo "kigambitse". Kugeza 2000, umwanditsi yasohoye inyandiko zegeranye. Muri 2005, igitabo cyinyandiko ye ubuzima bwitwa "umuntu udafite igihugu" cyasohotse. Akazi kabaye ka nyuma mubikorwa byubuvanganzo bya Kurt vonnegwit.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bwa mbere, vonnegut yashakanye na Jane Mariya Coke. Mwana n'abakobwa 2 bavukiye gushyingirwa. Kurt yemeye icyemezo cyingenzi afata abasezi 3 muburinganire. Bakomeje impfubyi nyuma y'urupfu rwa mushiki wa wannegut n'uwo bye. Mubukwe bwa kabiri hamwe numugore we, Jil Clementz Kurt yatangije umukobwa wabaye umwana wa karindwi mumuryango we munini.
Ubuzima bwihariye bw'umwanditsi ntibyari byoroshye. Se yapfuye mu 1957. Umwaka umwe, Mushikiwabo Alice yapfuye azize kanseri. Uwo bashakanye, wagiye kumusura, yinjira mu mpanuka y'imodoka. Inshingano zaguye mu mugabo ukunze gusunikwa kubitekerezo bibi. Gutakaza abakunzi gukomera no kwiheba, bitabira inshuro nyinshi na wennegogt. Yakunze gutekereza ku kwiyahura, ariko yatinyaga gutanga urugero rubi.
Usibye impano yubuvanganzo, umwanditsi yari afite impengamiro yo gushushanya. Yahisemo ibishushanyo. "Gufata ifunguro rya nyampinga" Kurt wigenga yakoze ikigereranyo cy'ikaramu y'incuti. Amashusho yuzuzanya ishingiro ryashyizwe mumyandiko.
Umwanditsi akunze guherekeza ibihangano byayo hamwe nibishushanyo, yanduza isura yumuco w'Abanyamerika binyuze muri prism yimyumvire ye. Kuva mu 1993, Kurt vonnegwit yagiye mu kureba hamwe na Joe Petro III, gahunda yafashije guteza amashusho ibitabo. Muri Amerika, hari byinshi byafashwe mu bwoko bwubuhanzi bwiza.
Urupfu
Umwanditsi yakoraga mubusaza bwimbitse kandi akunda ikintu cyingenzi mubuzima bwe. Kurt vonnegwit yapfuye ku ya 11 Mata 2007 afite imyaka 84. Yacitse intege kandi akomeretsa ubwonko yateje urupfu rw'umwanditsi.
Umurimo wumwanditsi arakenewe mubihugu bitandukanye byisi. Ibitabo bye bifatwa nk'ikinyejana cya 20, kandi amagambo ahinduka apiganwa. Urupfu rw'umuturage mu Busatalis rwe rwatanzwe no guha akazi akazi ke. 2007 hano yatangajwe ko umwaka wa wannegut. Ifoto Kurt vonneguta uyumunsi yuzuza impapuro zamagambo yubuvanganzo.
Bibliografiya
- 1952 - "Utopia 14" ("piyano piyano")
- 1959 - "Sirena Titan"
- 1961 - "Nyina w'umwijima"
- 1963 - "Cheble Inka"
- 1965 - "Inomero yintoki eshanu, cyangwa crusade yabana"
- 1973 - "Ifunguro rya mu gitondo rya nyampinga, cyangwa Gusezera, Kuwa kabiri Kuwa kabiri"
- 1976 - "FARC, cyangwa Irungu"
- 1979 - "Repud"
- 1982 - "Ntoya Nta Miss"
- 1985 - "Galapagos"
- 1987 - "Ubwanwa bw'Ubururu"
- 1990 - "Wibande Pokus"
- 1997 - "Igihe cyagenwe"