Ubuzima
Yakub Kolhas ni prose ifite impano n'umusizi, wavutse mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, umwanditsi w'inkuru nyinshi, imivugo n'ibisigo ku bana n'abakuru. Yabayeho igihe kirekire kandi gikomeye - ubuzima bwe bwakira intambara 2, impinduramatwara na makinamico. Kolas akenshi ugereranije na Adremy Yanke Adpingy Yanke, bombi bagaragaje ko kwishakira igihugu, ariko, bitandukanye na we, kolas ari umwanditsi ushyira mu gaciro, utuje, ntabwo ashaka gukundana n'ingorane zubuzima.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Yakub Kolas ni uwihitira, izina ryumwanditsi - Kontantin Mikhaiahich Mitskevich. Ubwenegihugu, ni we Biyeyeto, wavutse ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 1882 muri Apinchitsy - umudugudu muto mu nkingi, aho se yakoraga nk'imvura. Umwaka nyuma yo kuvuka kumagufwa mato, umuryango wimutse ku kunguri. Ngaho, abahungu binjiraga mu mahugurwa ku mahugurwa ya Alesiewicz, wabateye ubuhanga bwambere bwo gusoma no kwandika.
Mu 1892, Mitskevich yinjiye mu ishuri ribanza rya Nikolayevshcinsky, aho isi yafunguwe - imigani, ibisigo na prose fushkin, basen Krylov. Mu bwangavu, Kontantin yari afite byinshi hamwe na nyirarume Anton, mu mugabo wagize uruhare runini mu gitabo uburyohe bw'umuhungu.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri, Kantantin aturanye n'ababyeyi be i Albuti, aho yabafashaga kuyobora ubukungu kandi icyarimwe yiteguye kwinjira muri seminari ya Pedagogi. Kugeza mu 1894, ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bw'ubuvanganzo bwa Mitskevich ni igisigo "impeshyi", imbwebwe "imbwebwe" n'igikona ". Se yashishikarije ishyaka rye kandi arota ko umuhungu azase Tele "mu bantu kandi ntazabona imirimo iremereye.
Ibisigo na prose
Mu 1898, umusore yabaye umunyeshuri wa Symnasium ya Nesvizhsky, aho yahawe umwanya kuri konti ya Leta. Mu myigire ye, yasomye ibyapa by'Uburusiya ndetse no mu gihugu (ni uko yahuriye n'akazi ka Yanee), ndetse no kwegeranya imigani, imigani n'ibimenyetso. Muri icyo gihe, Mitskevich agerageza kwandika imyirondoro muri Biyelorusiya kandi bahimba ibisigo kuri kamere ("Creek", "mu murima").
Birazwi ko muri kiriya gihe ibisigo "ubwoba" na "hafi y'umuriro", ariko, ikibabaje, ibyanditswe byabo ntabwo byabitswe. Umwanditsi ukiri muto yabonye inkunga mu barimu bo muri Seminari. F. Kudrinsky yamwitayeho cyane cyane, wabonye umurinzi w'ejo hazaza h'umuco wa Biyelorusiya n'umurage.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Kontantin Mikhaich, amaze kubona umurimo wa mwarimu mu mudugudu wa Polekaya, yatangiye imirimo rusange: Yafashe kandi asoma ibitabo bitemewe, azanye ibiganiro by'impinduramatwara, byakozwe n'abahinzi. Kugira uruhare muri Kongere y'Uburezi 9 Nyakanga 1906 yashyize umusaraba ku gikorwa cye cyo kwigisha - Inama yatatanye n'abahagarariye ubutegetsi, kandi Mitkevich yambuwe uburenganzira bwo gukora.
Kugeza icyo gihe, imirimo yakozwe n'umwanditsi yari mumeza. Igitabo cya mbere cyabaye ku ya 1 Nzeri 1906 - mu kinyamakuru cya vilini "" umugabane wacu ", wasohotse mu rurimi rwa Biyelorusiya, kimwe mu bisigo byashyizweho umukono na Yakub kolas byagaragaye. Mitkevich yari afite indi mpimbano - Uncle Karus, umurimo we wa Prosaic wasohotse ku nshuro ya mbere - inkuru ya "Slobodi", ariko nyuma yaje guhitamo izina ashyigikira izina rya mbere.
Muri iki gihe, umwanditsi yinjiye mu rwego rushya: Uhereye ku buzima bwo murugo, bimukira mu kigo na filozofiya no gusobanukirwa ukuri. Iyi ntera yanditswe nigitabo cye kizwi "imigani yubuzima". Mu 1906, nubwo babujijwe abayobozi, Kolas basubiye ku murimo wa mwarimu maze bafungura ishuri ryigenga mu mudugudu wa Smoloyarn.
Mu 1907, yimukiye i Vilnius kugira ngo ampuzwe n'umuyobozi w'umukuru w'ishami ry'ubuvanganzo bwamusabye mu kinyamakuru cyaho "NIVA", ariko ibyumweru bike bihatiwe kuva mu mujyi abisabwe na polisi. Yamaze igihe cy'itumba gikurikira mu mudugudu wa Sani, maze mu 1908 arafatwa, akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka 3 kubera ibikorwa bidahwitse. Bimwe mubirego byari ibinyoma, ariko umwanditsi ntiyashoboraga kubigaragaza.
Bose bashyira imyaka 3 kolhas yamaze muri Minsk OSTG. Yaba umwanya wa korotal wo kwandika ibisigo bishya ninkuru arabaha ubushake bwo gutangaza. Nibwo yahindukiriye uburyo bukomeye bwo ku buvanganzo maze atangira akazi ku bisigo "SYON-UMUZIKI" N'ISI NSHYA ". Mu 1910, icyegeranyo kinini cya mbere cyasohotse.
Kuva muri gereza, Yakub Kolhas arongera ahindukirira kwigisha - babanje gukora mu mudugudu wa kuratichi, hanyuma mu ishuri rya Paruwasi ya Pisika. Mu 1912, icyegeranyo cy'inkuru zasohotse, maze mu 1913, imirimo ku giti cye yasohotse i St. Petersburg.
Igihe intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yatangiraga, Kolas yajyanye umuryango mu ntara ya Moscou ajya mu gisirikare. Mu 1917, yakoreye mu ntera ya porapora mu rugamba rwo muri Romaniani, ariko nyuma y'uburwayi bukomeye yemerewe gusubira mu rugo no gukomeza imirimo y'abarimu. Imirongo yo mu musizi wa Biyelorusiya yumvikanye intego zo kurwanya intambara no guhamagarira kugarura imidugudu y'intambara isenyutse.
Pic ibikorwa rusange yakub kolas yaguye ku 1920-1930. Yakiriye izina ry '"Umusizi w'abaturage wa SSR ya Biyelorusiya" na pansiyo y'ubuzima, ariko bidatinze yinjiye mu murima wo gukandamiza. Gushakisha no kubaza byakurikiranye, ibirego muri poropagande. Kolasa yahatiwe gutangaza "amakosa ya politiki". Umwanya wacyo wabaye ibyiringiro: nkumuturage yagenzuraga rwose, nkumuremyi - mubyiciro byuzuye. Ntiyashoboye guhimbaza politiki y'Ishyaka kandi ntiyari azi gutuma bidashoboka kubikora.
Ibyabaye mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, umusizi yakoresheje icyegeranyo "ijwi ry'isi", ibisigo "ibihano" n "" urukiko mu ishyamba ". Kuri ibyo bikorwa, yakiriye izina ry'umukozi bubahwa, nyuma asubira muri mink.
Mu ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, umusizi yabaga hafi ya Moscou, i Klauzme, Tashkent, Moscou. Ku murongo ("ababaye", 1942; "Ijwi ry'isi", 1943), ibisigo "mu gihano" (1942), "Ibihano", ingingo zabanyamakuru zo mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, yahimbaje Gukunda igihugu, ubutwari bw'abasosiyali, Oblitsa, imiterere mibi ya Fashisime. Mu 1944, Yakub Koloms yahaye izina "bubahwa n'umukozi wa siyanse wa SSR ya Biyelorusiya."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe n'umugore w'ejo hazaza, Maria, umwanditsi yahuye mu masomo ya mwarimu muri pinsk. Bahujwe nubukwe muri Kamena 1913 kandi babana imyaka 33.
Mu buzima bwite bw'abashakanye yishimye cyane, kandi umugore yashyizeho umwete wo gufungura impano yo guhanga umugabo we. Maria yibarutse abana batatu - Mikhail, Daniel na Yuri. Kolas yarokotse uwo mwashakanye ukunda, itari muri Gicurasi 1945, nyuma yo gukora cyane, kandi kugeza igihe ubuzima bwe burangiye atwika igihombo.
Urupfu
Mu mpera z'ubuzima, ubuzima bw'umwanditsi bwaragabanutse cyane. Mu myaka 10 ishize, yakundaga kurwara no gutwika ibihaha, ariko no mu buriri bwakomeje gukora. Ku ya 13 Kanama 1956, Yakub Kolhas yapfuye inyuma ya desktop. Impamvu y'urupfu rwose ntizwi, birashoboka cyane ko yabaye indwara nshya. Umurambo w'umwanditsi washyinguwe mu minki, mu irimbi rya gisirikare.
Izina rya Yakub Kolas ni ikinamico yikinamico yigihugu ya Vitebsk, isomero rya siyansi yo hagati, kare mu murwa mukuru wa Biyelorusiya kandi irenga icumi mumijyi itandukanye.
Bibliografiya
- 1910 - "Indirimbo-Iziba Iziba"
- 1912 - "Apavadní"
- 1913 - "Ifunguro rya mu gitondo. Yak Yurr zbagatsў »
- 1921 - Kazki Zhetsya "
- 1923 - "Zyml nshya"
- 1925 - "PRSAI KROKI"
- 1926 - "Ku byera ya Zhatsy"
- 1927 - "Halbí Palkiya"
- 1932 - "Adshchapets"
- 1934 - "Kuma"
- 1946 - "Admplate"
- 1955 - "Kuri Rostazaki"