Ubuzima
Yaroslav Gashek - Umwanditsi wa Ceki, wazanye igitabo "Adventures k'umusirikare w'intwari". Mu gitabo cyera, yasobanuye ibibazo by'ingenzi byo mu kinyejana, bituma byoroshye imyumvire y'abahroporo n'abazabakomokaho.
Yaroslav Gashek yavukiye i Prague ku ya 30 Mata 1883. Umwanditsi yari afite umuvandimwe, Boguslav, wagaragaye nyuma yimyaka 3. Umuryango waturutse kubwoko bwa kera. Padiri Boshungu, Yozefu, yakoraga nk'umuganga w'umuganga n'imibare. Sekuru wa nyina wa Katerzhin yari umudepite wungirije w'inteko ishinga amategeko wateranwe nyuma y'ihindurwe ryo mu 1848. Ababyeyi bahuriye mu mujyi bita Pisek na nyuma yimyaka 13 Inama imaze gushyingiranwa.
Umuryango wimukiye muri Prague. Ntibishoboka kubyita neza. Se wumuryango yagerageje kwitabwaho ejo akagerageza guha ababo. Kubera ubutobe, yari yarabaswe no kunywa. Abagabo b'impyiko ntibashoboraga kwihanganira: Komisiyo yasabwaga ko Yozefu atarokotse. Kwita ku bana byari ku bitugu bya nyina, wagerageje kubona imyenda yo kudoda.
Ntibyari byoroshye kwishyura amazu akuweho, bityo Gasheki yahoraga yimuka. Byagize ingaruka ku masomo ya yaroschev ku ishuri. Imyaka 2 yambere nyuma yo kwinjira muri siporo, umuhungu yari umunyeshuri mwiza, mu cyiciro cya 4 yabaye akazi k'insigaze umunsi wa kabiri, hanyuma agahagarika amasomo na gato. Mu 1897, umunyeshuri w'ejo yari mu bahindagurika baje mu mihanda ya Prangue. Yafashe abapolisi.
Umusore ntabwo yarushijeho kubona mubuzima. Amaze kuva mu ishuri, ntiyashobora kubona akazi. Mu gihe runaka, Yaroslav yakoraga nk'umufasha mu iduka rya farumasi. Mu 1899-m, Hashek yinjiye mu ishuri ry'ubucuruzi, yarangije mu 1902. Kugira amahugurwa yuzuye, umusore yari azi indimi za Polonye n'iz'Abadage, ifitwe n'Uburusiya, Hongiriya n'Igifaransa.
Hamwe n'inshuti za Yan Chulenom na Viktor muri, yamaze ibiruhuko bya mbere muri Silovakiya. Yafashe urugendo rukurikira muri sosiyete i Tatra. Urugendo rwagize uruhare ruheruka uruhare rwa Gasheki. Umusore yatangiye guhimba inkuru yambere hanyuma wandike inyandiko.
Imirimo y'umwanditsi yagaragaye muri Igazeti y'igihugu. Ibitekerezo byabo, ibice byese hamwe na karicatire yamashusho. Impano ishinja ya GASHEK yagaragaye kubaturage. Mu gatasi ko 1902, Yaroslav Gasheki yabaye umukozi wa Banki ya Slavia. Ubugingo bwigomeke bw'umwanditsi bwasabujije umudendezo, nuko rero intangiriro Umwanditsi yahunze gahunda akareka. Yinjiye mu nyeshyamba za Makedoniya, ubwo urugingo rw'icunguha yaturutse muri Balkans mu 1903.
Ahagana mu mwaka, Yaroslav yakoze muri Silovakiya, muri Polonye na Repubulika ya Ceki, aho byagaragaye ko byafashwe bazira guhungabana. Yagarutse mu rugo, ntabwo yari azi. Umusore uri mu mibare itagira imipaka yanyweye igisimba, guhekenya itabi kandi anywa itabi. Hasheki yatangaje ko ari anarchiste maze atura gukora mu kinyamakuru "Omladin". Ibinyamakuru byo gutanga mu birombe mu birombe kandi biregwa bwa mbere, byagiye mu Budage. Umwaka umwe, yongeye kurangiza mu mujyi yavukiyemo.
Mu 1905, Yaroslav Hasheki yari mu bitabiriye uruziga rw'ubuvanganzo, yasohoye ikinyamakuru "inda ya none". Igice cye ni mubyara w'umunyamakuru wa Novice n'umupolisi w'igihe gito. Kumva urwenya yaroslav bahise bashimira abasomyi na bagenzi babo. Inyandiko z'abandi tunyamakuru zagaragaye mu zindi binyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru.
Kuva mu 1906 kugeza 1915, Gasheki yari usanzwe uhagarariye Bohemia, wabayeho mu gihe cyo kubura amafaranga no kubura icyizere mu bihe biri imbere. Mu 1909, yabaye umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru "isi y'inyamaswa", aho yishyuwe, usibye amafaranga, yakiriye indiri ya 30 z ya bale na litiro 2 z'umunsi ku munsi. Mu Muhinduzi wanditse, Yaroslav yamaze imyaka 2.
Mu 1911, Intwari yagaragaye bwa mbere ku mpapuro z'igitabo gisetsa cya "urwenya" na "karicatures", nyuma yazanye icyubahiro cy'umwanditsi. Inkuru 5 zerekeye umusirikare Schwekka zasohotse hano. Mu 1912-, GASHEK yarekuwe ikusanyirizo ryinkuru yitwa "umusirikare wintwari Scweik nandi mateka atangaje."
Umuganda
Mu gihe cy'itumba, umwanditsi wa 1915 yahamagariye ingabo. Ibihano bihana disipulini no kubura ubushobozi bwo gutwara imirimo ya gisirikare byateye imbere mu gihe cyo kugwa muri uwo mwaka yafashwe n'Abarusiya. Gasha yaguye mu nkambi yabanje hafi ya Kiev, hanyuma ashyikirinde Samara.
Mu 1916, umwanditsi yinjiye mu rugamba rw'abakorerabushake na nyuma yimyaka 2 yari umunyamuryango wishyaka rya Bolshevik. Czeki n'ubwenegihugu, Gasheki yabonaga ko adafite ubwenge kugira ngo arwanye slav kubera inyungu za Otirishiya. Yakoraga mu burasirazuba bwa Polytoteli hamwe n'ingabo bagiye i Irkutsk. Gutwara serivisi, umwanditsi yatangaje inyandiko mubinyamakuru byimbere.
Mu 1920, Yaroslav Gaskeque yashoboye gusubira mu rugo. Nk'uko inyandiko z'imfungwa za Otirishiya, yavuye muri Moscou agera i Prague. Noneho inzoga zimaze kuba ziterwa na Azari mu buzima, ahubwo ni ukumenya umutwaro we. Umwanditsi yakangutse hepfo. Intwari yaje gutabara, ihimbwa mbere yuko ibyabaye bya gisirikare itangira. Umwanditsi yavuye i Prague kuri Lypnice, umwanditsi yatangiye kwandika imirimo mishya.
Ibitabo
Abantu bavuze ko igitekerezo cy'umusirikare usekeje cyaje i Gaskece muri Karapaa, ubwo yumvise amagare yo kunywa inzoga. Ishusho ya sariya yafashe icyemezo cyiza mubitekerezo, ninkuru "Olhukh muri sosiyete" yagaragaye ku isi, yari ifite izina rya kabiri: "Umusirikare witwaga umuswa."
Kumva ubuzima muri prism wo gusetsa, umwanditsi yaremye imirimo muriyi mitsi. Mu 1911, yiswe umwanditsi wa Ceki ya Ceki. Yaroslav yahimbye urwenya 120 n'amafeti kandi akomeza kuzuza ubuzima bw'umusirikare ibintu bishimishije nibyabaye. Hashek ingabo zashinyaguye, ubugome bwa gisirikare, agasuzuguro gajyanye n'iki gikorwa.
Kubaho kw'ingabo mu nfohamwe ye byasaga nkaho bidafite agaciro kandi bidafite agaciro. Gashad rero yatanze ishingiro ryigihe, aho yari afite amahirwe yo kurema. Gutandukanya n'amateka yavutse ku mibereho y'umwanditsi, "abapolisi, itangazamakuru, ubuyobozi bwa Leta, itorero, ubwenegihugu butandukanye.
Amashusho yasobanuwe mu nyandiko yerekeye umusirikare wa SCHWEYT, afite akamaro muri iki gihe, kubera ko abantu nk'iyi kugeza na n'ubu basanga mu ngabo z'ibihugu bitandukanye ndetse no mu isi muri rusange. Nkuko ibintu bitandukanye byabaye mubuzima bwumwanditsi, intwari ye yarahindutse. Kuva mu gicucu no kwigana, yabaye umugizi wa nabi kandi ashimuta, ashinyagurira ku butegetsi.
Igitabo cyo gutangaza igitabo nticyazanye ibikoresho bya gashay ihamye hamwe, bityo akaba yaracyahagaritswe nigihe gito no gukora inkuru ningingo kubitabo bitandukanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umukobwa witwa Yarok yabaye gutorwa kwa Yaroslav Maineov, uwo yahuye na 1900. Ababyeyi ba Ceki barwanywaga n'umwanditsi udafite ubutaka bukomeye. Babujijwe guhura kugeza igihe abanyeshuri babonye akazi kandi ntibazatangira kubaho mubuzima bwiza.
Amarangamutima yasunitse umugabo mubikorwa: Yabaye umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru "isi yinyamaswa". Nyuma y'icyumweru, se w'umukobwa yemeye gushyingirwa. Yarmil yasobanukiwe ibibera. Umugabo yari umuntu uhanga, nuko umugore amufasha mukazi. Yanditse abitegetswe, kandi rimwe na rimwe arangije imirimo itarangiye.
GASHEK ntabwo yari umuntu wintangarugero. Bidatinze, yongeye gutangira kunyura Kabaki. Nyuma yo kuva mu kinyamakuru "isi y'inyamaswa", umwanditsi ntiyashoboraga kubona akazi gahoraho. Yagerageje kuba rwiyemezamirimo, afungura ikigo cyo kugurisha imbwa no gutanga icyaha kitagira aho aba ku bantu ku giti cyabo.
Bidatinze, ibiro byakiriye ikirego, kandi amafaranga y'umuryango yagiye kwishyura imirimo y'abavoka. Umuswa wa se yashimangiye gutandukana, ariko yari atwite. Mu 1912, umuhungu wa Richard yavutse. Nyuma yigihe runaka, Yarmil yaguye mu kujijuka kw'ababyeyi maze ava mu bashakanye, ariko icyuho nticyemejwe cyandikirwa.
Mu 1919, urumuri rushya rwagaragaye mubuzima bwite rwa Yaroslav Gasheki: Alexandre Gavrilova. Yahuye nakundwa mu nzu yo gucapa muri UFA. Ubukwe bwanditswe mu 1920 muri Krasnoyarsk. Alexandra ntiyari azi kubikorwa bya Yaroslav kandi ibiyobyabwenge byinzoga ntibyagaragaye muburusiya. Yagarutse, kimwe no kwibuka uwahoze ari uwo bashakanye, uwo abagore banditse amabaruwa, amuhamagarira kuba nyirabuja.
Urupfu
Yagarutse muri Repubulika ya Ceki, Yaroslav Hashekka yagonganye no kuba yarafatwaga umugambanyi, kandi abapolisi barabayobora. Ubuzima bwihariye bw'umwanditsi bwaganiriweho ahantu hose: yafatwaga kabiri, nk'ubukwe na atamlimi ntabwo yashonga kumugaragaro. Mu 1922, hamwe na Alexandra yaroslav yabonye imitungo itimukanwa mumujyi wa lipnice. Rimwe na rimwe, yasuye Prague, ariko kenshi na kenshi yari mu rugo, aho yahise amenyekana no gukundwa mu byaho.
Ibibazo byubuzima byatangiye kubandika nyuma yo gusubira mu Burusiya, ariko ntabwo yashyize agaciro kuri ibi. Ibitekerezo muri kiriya gihe cyakoraga imirimo yo mugitabo. Yaroslav Gashashki yapfuye ku ya 3 Mutarama 1923, atarokotse imyaka 40. Impamvu y'urupfu yari ubumuga bw'umutima. Imva y'umwanditsi iherereye mu ruzitiro rw'imbi, iruhande rwo gushyingura abiyahuzi. Umwanditsi yababaye nta muhango w'itorero.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Gasheki, umugabo yabonye imyenda y'umugabo. Ariko kubushake bwarwo, ntabwo byari ngombwa guhura nibyishyura. Inkuru zerekeye umusirikare Schweke yatangiye kuzana amafaranga.
Imirimo ya GASHEK yari asabwa, kandi amafaranga atangira kohereza avuye mu bitabo akoranya n'umwanditsi. Uwahoze ari umugore wa GASHEK, Yarmil, yatangaje uburenganzira bwo kuzungura. Urukiko rwamuhaye n'umuhungu 15/16 bava muri Leta, na Alegizandere 9/16 amafaranga. Mubukwe bwa kabiri, umwanditsi ntiyagaragaye abana.
Uyu munsi, ifoto ya Yarok yasohotse mu bitabo by'ubuvanganzo, film ikurwaho ukurikije imirimo ye, kandi amagambo yo mu bitabo byanditswe yarapfutse. Muri Bugulma na Lipnice hari Inzu Ndangamurage zifunguye mu kwibuka umwanditsi.
Amagambo
"Mu nzu yasaze, abantu bose bashoboraga kuvuga ikintu cyose kikangura mu mutwe, nk'aho mu Nteko." "Kwiyoroshya bishushanya umuntu, ariko umuntu nyawe w'imitako araza.Bibliografiya
- 1903 - Ikusanyirizo ry'imivugo "irashobora gutaka"
- 1912 - Icyegeranyo cy "Gusaba Pankacracrat"
- 1912 - Abaroma "Amahirwe yumusirikare wa Brava Schweik nandi mateka atangaje"
- 1913 - Icyegeranyo cyo Gusetsa "Igitabo cy'abanyamahanga n'abandi sanishi"
- 1915 - Ikusanyamakuru rya Satyric "Imbwa zanjye zubucuruzi"
- 1920 - Ikusanyamakuru "Inkuru Zibiri"
- 1921 - Yatoranijwe Gusetsa "Abagabo batatu na Shark"
- 1921 - Icyegeranyo cya Pepachek Nshya nizindi nkuru
- 1922 - Ikusanyamakuru "Ihuriro ry'amahoro n'izindi ngabo"