Robert Burns - ifoto, ibisigo, ubuzima, ubuzima bwite, impamvu

Ubuzima

Umusizi wa Scottish wo mu kinyejana cya XVIII Robert Burns yinjiye mu mateka y'ibitabo by'isi nk'urugendo nyarwo rw'ubwoko bwe. Gusiga umuryango ni umuhinzi gusa, yeguriye ibisigo ubuzima bwe bwose: Sang oya mugihugu cye kavukire, ubupfu nubujiji, gukubita imidugararo myiza kubyerekeye urukundo, yitonze, yitondera abantu b'amafaranga bitonze. Igikorwa cyo gutwika, nk'izina rye, kizwi ku isi yose, no mu Burusiya ubwiza bw'ubwiza bwayo bwashoboye gusuzuma ibisobanuro bya Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Robert Burns yavutse ku ya 25 Mutarama 1759 mu mudugudu wa Enderry, intara ya Eyrsshir. Se w'umuhungu yari umuhinzi William Burnes, wajyanye umukobwa wa Agnes umukara ku mugore we. Umuryango wabaga mu nzu ye yubatswe na William. Ariko umuhungu yujuje imyaka 7, se yagurishije inzu yo gufata acre ya 70 yashyizwe ku isi mu murima wa Oliphant, umuryango wose wimukiyeyo.

Icyumweru kibisi cya Robert cyatangiye. Kubera ko yashaje cyane, yahatiwe gukorana n'abantu bakuru, byagize ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'umuhungu, yakuze yagabanije, ababaza. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abanswa baracyabayeho mu bukene bukabije, abana (hari barindwi) ntibashoboye no kujya ku ishuri, Data ubwe yigishije gusoma no kwandika.

Amazu ya Robert hamwe na umuvandimwe Gilbert amenyesheje gusoma, imibare ninyuguti, yigisha amateka na geografiya. Agnes yashishikarije abahungu be gusoma, abasore barazamutse ku musigo wa William Shakespeare na John Milton, ariko umusizi wa Robert Ferguson yabaye umwanditsi ukunda cyane. Nanone, umuhungu na we yafashe ubumenyi n'urukundo ku rurimi rwa Ecosse na Folklore: indirimbo, imigani, imigani.

Nyuma, abavandimwe basuye ishuri ryo mu cyaro cya Yohani Munek, yamwigishije Ikilatini n'Igifaransa. Robert yize buri gihe mubigo bitandukanye byuburezi (muri varile, Kirkosvald), ariko igihe cyose yahaye amasomo gufasha Se gusarura.

Ingero zumuvumo wumusore wumusore ukora mumyaka 15-16 iyobowe na huntike. Yambere yandika kumenyekanisha imisobe kuri Rustic KirkPatrick. No mu ishuri rya Kirkosvald, rihura peggy Thompson, bitangiye ibisigo bya mbere "Noneho Westlin" umuyaga "na" Ndaryamanye.

Ubuzima bwumusore buhindutse mu 1777, igihe se, Amasezerano yo kwihanganira yananiwe, yimukiye mu murima i Lokhy hafi ya Tarbolton. Abavandimwe Burnessee babaye, kutishimira Se, kugira uruhare mu mibereho y'isi ya Tarbolton, biyandikishije mu mudugudu w'ishuri ryimbyino, washinze "ingaragu" ingamiya ". Robert yakundanye n'ubwiza bwaho alison ari, ariko we, nubwo indirimbo yanditse mu cyubahiro cye, yanze umusore.

1781 Mu buzima bwa Burns - Bidasanzwe: Ubwa mbere, umusore yinjira mu mugozi wa Manyonic ya Mal. ukuri. Brown yashimangiye kwizera kwa Scottish muri we, amwemeza nk'umusizi. Mu 1784, se yaka yarapfuye, kandi ugereranije n'ubuzima bw'umusore warangije.

Ibisigo

Kugurisha hasi muri ubworozi, abavandimwe bornes bimukiye i Mosgil. Umunsi umwe, Robert, ubabaye gukenera, yahisemo gutangaza ibisigo bye kugirango abone amafaranga ajye mu Buhinde. Kubwamahirwe, ibikoresho by'imivugo bifite byinshi. Mu 1786, ikusanyamakuru rye rya mbere ryashyizwe ahagaragara "Pois: ahanini kuri Diaek ya Escotetish."

Ibinyuranye nibyo mwanditsi ukurikira amafaranga akomeye intsinzi no gutsinda. Ibisigo by'abakiri bato, ntamuntu uzwi cyane umusizi yakoze ku mitima ya connoisseur yibwoko muri Edinburgh. Mbere yo gutwika (Noneho yiyandikishije kuri ibyo byihimbano byagabanutse), imiryango y'isi ku isi yo hejuru y'umucyo mukuru wa Scottish.

Ibyamamare byumusizi bizana inyungu nyinshi kandi byinshi, ibisigo bye byasubiye inshuro zirenze imwe, injyana ya diverge kumagambo. Ibisigo bya Rusange bifite aho na sara, kandi byurukundo, na didactactike. Yanditse imvugo ihendutse, ibihaha bijyanye n'ubuzima n'umuntu wa buri munsi, kubyerekeye imiterere ya Scotland, ku rukundo rushimishije, ibirenze iminsi mikuru.

Umwanditsi abaho umushyitsi ukunda wa SALONS N'UMURYANGO UREGA. Mu 1787, umurongo wa Bard Caledoniya wamuhaye inama ya Scottish Great MasonIc. Ariko, inyungu z'isi zirahita, zirambiranye urumuri rwo hejuru no gutwika. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije kumenyekana kwe, yumvaga imyifatire mibi y'Ibyanditswe kubera inkomoko ye. Mu 1788, umusizi asubira mu mudugudu, aho arongora umukobwa wakundaga.

Mu 1789 yakira umwanya wumuyobozi mukuru. Mugereranije, ikora mu nzu ndangamurage ya "Scottish mu muziki ya" Scottish, ikusanya ibyanditswe na melodies biva ahantu hatandukanye, bihindura ibisa nabyo bidashoboka. Iki gikorwa cyatumye bishoboka kubungabunga umurage ukize wa Scotland.

Ariko, nubwo serivisi n'umurimo rusange, Robert yatwitse isi ikaramu. Muri kiriya gihe, biografiya yanditse ku marimo nk'iyi "ODA yeguriwe kwibuka Madamu Osvald" (1989), "Tam O'''Thent" (1790). Mu 1793, igipimo cya kabiri cya Birns ibisigo mu gitabo cya kabiri cyasohotse muri Edinburgh. Muri iki gihe, umwanditsi asanzwe arwaye cyane: aragenda atera umutima no gucika intege.

Mu 1795, umugabo yandikaga igisigo "ubukene buvugisha ukuri, aho umuntu w'umuntu ahanganye hejuru y'urwego na Leta. Uyu murimo wabaye uwanyuma mugikorwa cya Robert Burns. Umusizi wabaturage wa Scotland yasize umurage ukize: ibisigo birenga 500 n'indirimbo 300.

Uku kumenyekana kwa Gutwika, nkimpano nyayo, yakiriwe nyuma y'urupfu. Ubwiza budasanzwe bwimirimo ye bwaze kwisi yose tubikesha kwimura indimi nyinshi zisi. Ibikomeye binini muribi kubasomyi b'Ururimi rw'Uburusiya ni ubw'umusizi w'abana Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak. Yahinduye abashyitsi mu bavugo "mu misozi yumutima wanjye", abandi bantu amagana.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwihariye bwumusizi bunini bwahiye ibitabo bitandukanye - Burns yari icyamamare mu rukundo no gusiga inyuma yabana batarangira. Hamwe n'abazungu bagennye, umubare wabo wari 12, bose bavutse ku bagore 4. Umusizi yari mwiza - Amashusho yabitswe atanga ubwinshi bwo mu maso he - kandi mu rubyiruko rwe atangira kwizirika ku mitima y'abakobwa.

Umukobwa we wo gutanga umurambo Elizabeth yavutse mugihe se afite imyaka 21. Yahawe n'umuja wa Mama Betty Peyton. Robert yamenye umukobwa, ariko Betty aramusubiza, umwana yazamuye bashiki be na nyina. Umusore yamaganye mu mudugudu, kandi nubwo yemereye umurimo w'itorero, ariko bahatiye kwicara ku "ntebe y'ihahana".

Ariko, ntabwo cyari isomo ryo gutwika. Mubyinjira mucyaro, ahura no gusetsa bishimishije bya jin ibigo bya Jin Armor - Umukobwa wa rwiyemezamirimo ukize. Umusore ushishikaye ahita akundana kandi ahuza imirongo (benshi bazandika icyegeranyo cye cya mbere). Mu 1786, jin yarasamye maze yibaruka impanga. Tugarutse mu gihe cyo gutwita, haracyariho gushyingirwa. Ariko se wumukobwa yaje kurakara akuraho inyandiko. Ntiyanyuzwe n'umusabirizi, usibye umuhungu w'umuyaga.

Umubabaro Robert yashakaga guhumurizwa mu maboko ya Mariya Campbell, ariko bidatinze yapfuye azize Tifa. Nyuma yo kuzuza hamwe na Amur ibintu bya Amur muri Edinburgh, Umutima wa Ecosse wasubiye mu mudugudu umaze inshuro eshatu inshuro eshatu na Jenropolita Jenny Clow yibarutse umuhungu witwa Robert na we witwa Robert. Hanyuma, umudamu wa kane wahaye umwana wumuntu utemewe - umukobwa wa Betty, yabaye parike runaka.

Mu 1788, Robert yakomeje gushyingirwa jun ibirwanisho, ari se icyo gihe yirukanwe mu nzu, kandi uwo yari umugore umenyereye. Muri rusange, Jin yibarutse gutwika abana 9, 6 muri bo bakaba bakiri mu bwana. Ariko, nkuko biographers bandika, Robert ntabwo yasize ishyaka ryo gusambana kugeza ubuzima burangiye.

Urupfu

Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima bwumusizi bwagaragaye ko bukenewe, kandi we ubwe yacogoye indwara z'umutima, "yinjije" mu bwana bwe mu murima, abaho nabi kandi akora cyane. Mu 1796, yimukiye i Damfreis maze yinjira mu itsinda ry'abakorerabushake b'abazamu baho. Dore umugabo abapfuye ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1796.

Urupfu rwavuye muri Rheumokarditis. Gutwika hari imyaka 37. Umuzingi uzwi cyane yashyinguwe i Damfris afite icyubahiro kinini.

Kwibuka umusizi, abafana bizihiza isabukuru ye y'amavuko - 25 Mutarama - icyitwa "gutwika 'ifunguro rya nimugoroba", byanze bikunze birimo pudding "Haggis", asengwa n'umwanditsi.

Amagambo

"Ntugapfe imitima,Ni iki cyagurishijwe muri umwe "" mu bucuti bukomeye, imbaraga zacu.

Ubucuti bw'icyubahiro n'ishimwe "" Dufata umunezero mu nzira.

Pungully Ibyishimo byacu

Bizashira - bashake

Ntabwo ari mu bubasha bwacu "" ariko ni byiza gukora mbere yo kwagura,

Kuruta hamwe n'ubuzima bubi "

Igisigo

• "Umutima wanjye mu misozi"
• "Scottish Icyubahiro"
• "Robin"
• "Hariho umuhinzi w'inyangamugayo data"
• "Ubukene Bwizerwa"
• "John BarleyCorn"
• "Oda Scottish Pudding" Haggis "
• "Abasabirizi beza"
• "Umugeni ufite inkwano"