Ubuzima
Alfred Shnitke - Umuhigi w'Uburusiya n'Uburusiya, umwarimu n'umuziki, ubuhanga bwe bwatumye ikimenyetso kinini kiri mu buhanzi. Ibyaremwe bye byazamuwe cyane nabahanzi bagezweho. Alfred Harrievich yazenguwe mu Burayi, kuba mu banditsi bake b'Abasoviyeti bakora imirimo bagereranywa hagati yabo mu gihugu cyabo ndetse no mu mahanga. Impano, imiterere idasanzwe, umwijima wakozwe neza inyandiko hamwe na shit idasanzwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alfred Schnitke yavukiye muri Englley ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 1934. Ababyeyi be bari Abadage ba VorGA kandi bafite imizi y'Abayahudi. Umuryango wa se wumuhungu ni Frankfurt Am Main. Mama yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Kamena. Abavandimwe ba se babaga mu murwa mukuru, kandi byaje kuba agakiza igihe intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yatangiraga.
Abana batatu barezwe mu muryango wa Schnitka: Alfred yari afite murumunawe na mushiki wanjye. Hamwe na hamwe bamaze kurokoka mugihe cyintambara i Moscou ba nyirakuru. Ndashimira ababyeyi, abana bari bazi Ikidage, arabisa. Ikirusiya cyaje kuba icya kabiri.
Kuva ku myaka 11, Shnitke yakundaga umuziki. Nyuma y'intambara, intambara se yahawe gahunda yo gushyiraho Viena, Alfred yimukiyeyo n'umuryango we. Umugabo yakoraga nkumunyamakuru numusemuzi kuri Österreichische kitung ikinyamakuru. Muri Otirishi kuva mu 1946, umusore yahawe uburezi mu muziki, kandi nyuma yimyaka 2, umuryango wasubiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, nkomeza amasomo asanzwe i Moscou. Ababyeyi bamaze gukora mu kinyamakuru, kandi Alfred yatangiye kwiga umuziki.
Mu 1958, yakiriye impamyabumenyi ya Convervatory mu rwego rw'ishuri, nyuma arangiza amahugurwa mu ishuri ryangiza. Kuva mu 1961, Shnitke atangira kwigisha gusoma amanota n'ibikoresho muri konserwatori kavukire kavukire, nubwo abanyeshuri be bari bafite bike.
Muri icyo gihe kimwe, umucuranzi yinjiye mu bumwe bw'abahimbyi. Kugira ngo abone amafaranga y'ubuzima, Alfred yatangiye guhimba umuziki kuri sinema. Ntabwo yavuye mubikorwa bya Pedagogi kugeza 1972. Umubare wimirimo wakozwe kuri firime zafashwe buri mwaka.
Umuziki
IBIKORWA BY'IBIKORWA BY'IMIKORESHEREZE BYOSE by Alfred Schnit numuntu nibintu byacyo. Inararibonye zahuye nintwari, gushakisha umuntu ku giti cye, irari n'amarangamutima bihinduka insanganyamatsiko yerekana umwanditsi. Muri umuziki we, symbiose ya Dragio na comic birashizweho bidasanzwe.
Maestro yaje kuba Umuremyi w'ijambo "polystyption", bifata guhuza inyito zitandukanye. Mu 1972, yanditse ballet ya mbere labyrint. Muri uwo mwaka, no kwibuka nyina ukunda, uwahimbye yashyizeho piyano Quintet, nyuma yakozwe muri Requiem.
Shnitke yari mu bahimbye bakorana n'uburyo bwa Ashuri, butuma abahanzi babona umwanya munini wo kudahindura. Urugero rwerekana muri uru rubanza rwaremewe mu 1974 "Symphony ya mbere". Bwa mbere, yakozwe nuwayoboye Nenady Noheri. Umuziki w'urundi ruhande wafatwaga rero ko ari umuco, nubwo wemereye uhari kandi uhanganira, Philhartonic wa Moscou na St. Petersburg ntabwo yahisemo kuyageza ku baturage. Premiere yabereye i Nizhny Novgorod.
Kurema Shnitka ntabwo yari afite ubwoko cyangwa ibibujijwe. Mu 1977, igitaramo Grosso №1 cyifashe Umuremyi wacyo. Izina rye ryabaye rubanda rusanzwe. Uwahimbye umwanditsi yari Johann Sebastian Bach. Gukora imirimo, Schnitka yahumetswe nuburyo bwo gukora Yuri Bashmet na MStislav Rostropovich, Noheri ya Gennad, Notory Kremer.
Yashimishijwe cyane na polystyption, yahumekeye indirimbo yumwuka. Ndashimira ibi, der sonyngesang des Franz von Assisi yagaragaye. Nyuma, rubanda bumvise "Syshoni ya kabiri", ikurikirwa n'undi 2. Mu 1977, SchnitTke yatumiwe muri Opera ya Paris. Mubyaremwe hamwe numuhanzi David Borovsky na Umuyobozi Yuri Lyibimov Maestro yaremye umusaruro wa "Peak Madamu" kumurimo wa Peter Ilyevsky. Amagambo ya Pushkin na Libretto ivuguruye yahujwe no kureba neza muburyo bwubuvanganzo.
Kubera ingingo ya Algis ya Algis Jurajtis, umuyobozi w'ikinamico ya Bolshoi, Lubimova ntabwo yarekuwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti kugira ngo ikore imyitozo muri rusange. Premiere yarashwanyaguritse. Ubuyobozi bwa operara ya Paris yanze kubyara. Nashoboye kwerekana igishushanyo cyubuhanzi cyabaremye muri 1990 muri Karlsruhe. Nyuma, mu 1993, umusaruro wakozwe i Boston, kandi mu 1997 gusa yashoboye kubona rubanda Moscou.
Iminota ya za 1980 yabaye igihe cyo gutsinda no kumenyekana na SCInet. Mu 1983, urumuri rwabonye Cantata "inkuru ya Dr. Johann Faust". Uwahimbye ntiyatinyaga kwerekana igitekerezo cyatewe ipfunwe na Johanna HÖTA ubwe. Kuko kwandika akazi byatwaye imyaka hafi 11. Mu 1986, "igitaramo kivuga 1 kuri Orello hamwe na orchestre" byasohotse, nyuma y'umwaka, "simphony ya gatanu" na "igitaramo No 4". Mu gihe cyo kuva mu 1984 kugeza 1987, Shnitke yahimbye "amasengesho atatu ya orotodogisi", "igitaramo cya korari kivanze ku mirongo ya Narcatsi", "ibisigo bihannye."
Umurage usigara ku rubyaro, hari ballet na operas, ibitaramo birenga 20, 9 ibitaramo, ibitaramo 4 by'ibitaramo, inyandiko. Ibihimbano "Indege", "Waltz-Razdolone" Ijwi muri Filime "Umugani". Igikorwa c'abakozi "abakozi" cyanditswe kuri rebbon yizina rimwe. Muri firime "Petersrome ya Petersrome" yakoresheje injyana ya tango mumusazi.
Uwahimbye yahaye izina "Byubahwa Umukozi Ubuhanzi bwa RSFRS" ahabwa ibihembo byinshi, muri bo, muri Leta - umuziki w'umuziki wa Kinokarmi, watanzwe mu 1986.
Umwanditsi wimico rw'imico yashyizweho kandi igihembo cya Leta Otirishiya, cyatanzwe mu 1991, kandi igihembo cy'ubuyapani cyapani, ibyo yatangarije nyuma. Schnitke yakoraga ku cyifuzo cya Amsterdam na Hamburg, yari umunyamuryango w'ishuri rya Royal wa Suwede.
Muri Opera ya 1990, Opera Alfred Schnitka "Ubuzima hamwe numuswa" yahawe rubanda i Amsterdam. Nyuma yimyaka 3, "jesuldo" n "" amateka ya Dr. Johanna Tousiten "yageze i Vienne na Hamburg.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwuwahimbye icyamamare ntabwo bwuzuye atavuze ubuzima bwihariye. Shnitke yashakanye kabiri. Ubukwe bwa mbere bwa Maestro bwahujwe na Galina Koltsova. Ubumwe bwabayeho mugihe gito kandi burangirana no gutandukana.
Umugore wa kabiri wumucuranzi yabaye umunyeshuri we Irina Kataeva. Umuhungu yavukiye mu muryango, yitwaga Andrey. Shnitke yabanaga n'imibereho myiza y'urukundo no kwitonda kandi yari imuwe na we kugeza ku minsi y'imperuka.
Urupfu
1985 yashinze Alfred Schnitka yica. Uwahimbye yimuye amazu manini icyarimwe. Umutwe wanduye, kandi intege nke zihora zikaba umuntu. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, ntabwo yatangaga amaboko akomeza gukora. Mu 1990, umuryango wimukiye i Hamburg, aho Schnitke yabaye umwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye ya Hamburg.
Undi magonga, yarenze umucuranzi, yateje urupfu rwe. Ku ya 3 Kanama 1998, Alfred Shnitke arapfa. Yabonye icumbi rya nyuma ku irimbi rya Novodevichy i Moscou.
Ibibazo byakomeje kwibukwa abafana, aho umuhigo ugabana inkuru ziva mu biografiya n'ibintu bishimishije kuri bo, ifoto ye n'umuziki udapfa.
Akazi
- 1957 - "Symphony" zeru "mu bice 4"
- 1963 - "Sonata ya Kalelin na Piyano No 1"
- 1965-1972 - "Suite muburyo bwa kera"
- 1966 - "Umugozi wa kimwe cya kane Umubare 1"
- 1971 - "MAZE". Ballet muri 5 ibice.
- 1972 - "Amajwi ya kamere afite amajwi 10 y'abagore na Vibraphon"
- 1986 - "kuri Gunt". Ballet muri 3 ibikorwa hamwe na epilogue.
- 1991 - "Ubuzima hamwe ni igicucu." Opera mu bikorwa 2.
- 1993 - "Igitaramo Grosso No 6 kuri Violon, piyano na orchestre y'ibanze mu bice 3"