Ubuzima
Yanka Kupala ni umusizi wigihugu cya Biyelorusiya, umusiko "wumuhungu numuderevu" wahumekewe Yuri Gagarin ku mutsinzi wa Cosmos. Afite abanditsi b'ibihe by'Abasoviyeti inshuro, bakomeretse ubuyobozi, burenze rimwe babaye ku muryango w'urupfu. Urupfu ruhoraho rwa Kupala ruracyari impamvu yo gukora iperereza ku mateka no kunegura ubuvanganzo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Yanka Kupala (Izina Ryukuri - Ivan Dominicovic Luttsevich) yavutse ku ya 7 Nyakanga 1882 mu mudugudu wa KHPANKA mu muryango wa Dominicaevich na Benigne, Ivanovna (muri Majoro). Ababyeyi, abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma, bita umuhungu mu cyubahiro umuhanuzi wa gikristo Yohana Umubatiza.
Iyambere ivuga ya Lutschi yagarutse mu kinyejana cya XVII: Hanyuma sekuru w'umusizi akomoka ku isi ya Lituwaniya. Byari nkenerwa kwishyura Dominic kuri Onufrievich, nubwo ari mu cyiciro cyihariye, mubyukuri byari umuhinzi usanzwe. Yahaye amafaranga menshi kubona amahirwe yo kuyobora ubukungu.
Ivan yafashije Se mu murimo, ariko ubuyobozi bw'ubukungu ntabwo bwabuzaga umusizi buzaza mu 1898 kugira ngo barangize ku ishuri rya Biyelorusiya.
Dominic na Benioga bazanye abana 8: Abavandimwe ba Ivan - Anton na Casimir, bashiki bacu batanu - Sabina, Geladiya, izina rya nyuma ntirimenyeshwa amasoko afunguye. Mu ntangiriro za 1902, umuryango wagumye udafite umutunganya, nyuma y'amezi atandatu, bashiki bacu bose Ivan na murumuna wanjye bararwaye. CaseNare, Sabina na Gelena barapfuye.
Uruhare rw'umugabo nyamukuru mu muryango wemeye Lucevich kugira ngo birinde ingabo. Mu nyandiko z'ubujurire mu 1903 hari ikarita ya Ivan, ukurikije ibyo yagombaga gukorera mu nkambi ya 2 y'intara ya Borrisovsky ya Roza-Sloboda. Yagenewe kwinjira mu gisirikare mu 1916 gusa, mu kipe yo kubaka umuhanda.
Ubuzima bw'umusizi ntibushobora kwitwa byoroshye. No mu busore bwe, IVAN yagombaga kubazwa umuryango wose. Yakoraga ku gihingwa cyanditse, asukura imihanda, akwirakwiza udupapuro - yajyanywe ku mirimo iyo ari yo yose kuri bashiki bacu na mama.
Mu 1904, mwishywa mwiza wa Ivan Vasily (Yanka) Angochinsky yemeje ko Benigna ari ko Umwana we akwiriye kubaho ubuzima bwe. Umugabo yasezeranije kwita ku muryango wa Luteviya. Yakomeje ijambo - yashakanye na Mariya, mushikiwabo Ivan, aba nyir'inzu yuzuye. Ivan yimukiye muri mink, aho umwuga we w'ubuvanganzo wavunitse ibara ryuzuye.
Ibitabo n'ibisobanuro
Ivan yatangiye imirimo ye mu Gipolonye - imirongo ya mbere yagaragaye mu kinyamakuru "ingano" mu 1903 munsi yimpimbano k,. Ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1904, ibisigo byakazi byasohotse mu rurimi rwa Biyelorusiya "umugabane wanjye", hamwe n'ibitabo mu kinyamakuru cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, imirimo y '"umuntu" (1905) yatangiye kuzamuka umusizi kugira ngo ahabwe icyubahiro.
Muri icyo gihe, amakuru ya mbere yemewe mu mvugo ya Biyelorusiya ashinzwe i Vilnius - "umugabane wacu" na "NIVA yacu". Mu gitabo cya kabiri mu 1907, igisigo "kospla" cyasohotse, cyaranze umusaruro wa Ivan, uzwi ku izina rya Yanka Kupala, ku kashe y'igihugu.
Pseudonym Yanka Kupala yashinzwe kuva verisiyo ya Biyelorusiya yizina Ivan nizina ryibiruhuko. Ukurikije ibimenyetso, niba indabyo za Fern, umugabo wamusanze asanga abona ubutunzi n'ubwato nijoro mubyumwuka nijoro kuri Ivan Kupala. Lutysvic yashakaga kuba abasomyi niyi ndabyo nziza.
Mu 1908, ibisigo by'umwanditsi ukiri muto wa Biyelorusiya byahujwe mu ikusanyamakuru rya mbere rya "Dudochka". Igitabo cyazanye ibibazo bya mbere n'abayobozi: Komite ya Petersburg ku bibazo by'itangazamakuru muri Minisiteri y'imari yatangajwe n'igitabo cy'abantu barwanya igihugu cyo kurwanya, cyafatiwe, kandi umwanditsi yarafashwe. Bidatinze, umusizi yari ubuntu ahita asiga ibiro by'ikinyamakuru "NIVA yacu", kugira ngo atagena icyubahiro cy'ubuyobozi.
Petersburg yerekanwe hamwe na Biyelorusiya gukundana hamwe nabaszi ya Yakub kolas na Valery Brrushayo. BRYOV numusizi wa mbere wahinduye ibisigo byo gusetsa mukirusiya. Mu 1910, Yanka yatangaje icyegeranyo cya kabiri cy'ibisigo "husar", hanyuma akagira ingaruka cyane mu kwandika ikiga. Kupala yahagaze ku nkomoko yo kurema ikinamico ya Biyelorusiya. Igisigo "Indirimbo Iteka" na Drama "ibitotsi muri Kurgan", muri uwo mwaka, biracyavuga "Ikigega cya Zahabu" cy'ubuhanzi butangaje bwa Biyelorusiya.
Isaro nyaryo ifatwa nkicyunamo "pavlinka" (1912) kubyerekeye umukobwa uhitamo umukwe anyuranye nuburenganzira bw'ababyeyi. Uruhare nyamukuru rwakozwe na Muse Yankee Paacock Madylka. Mu 1913, umusizi yanditse ikinamico ya autimagegrapragraplograpragraplograpragraplograpragraplograpragraplograpragraplograpragraplograprage "kubyerekeye umuryango, itakaza umutungo - inzu nubutaka. Yanka Kupala yagize ati:
"Nashoye ibyiza muri iki gikinisho, cyari mu mivugo yanjye na prose."Muri uwo mwaka icyegeranyo cya gatatu cy'imivugo cya "Nshuti Ubuzima" cyasohotse. Kubura reaction mbi yo guhanga kwemereye Yanke gusubira ku kazi muri NIVA 1914 yafashe umwanya w'umwanditsi mukuru.
Ishyirwaho rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ryahinduye vector y'ibisigo. Urugero rwiza ni ibintu bitatu bya magicomeddy "(1922). Avuga ku mugabo ugerageza hamwe na kamere yabo yose kugira ngo amenyereye imibereho yihuta, ariko bihinduka gucika. Nk'uko abayobozi babitangaza, umurimo wari ufite igicucu kibi, kandi mu 1927, ikinamico yarabujijwe.
Insanganyamatsiko yo kumenyera IKIBAZO BYATANZWE MU CYIZA BYOSE BY'UMWANDITSI, kugeza ku ntambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubano hagati ya Yankee, abayobozi n'abanyamakuru bakomanze. Mu 1930, amakimbirane yahuje Apogee. Uyu mugabo yashinjwaga gukunda igihugu, yatewe n'ubufatanye n'umuryango wo kwibohora igihugu cya Biyelorusiya. Gukomeretsa no kubazaga buri gihe byasunikishije umusizi kwiyahura.
Mu nyandiko yo kwiyahura, yandikiwe Umuyobozi wa Guverinoma ya BSTR, Alexander CYAAKOV, Yanka Kupala yaranditse ati:
"Na none, mbere y'urupfu, ndatangaza ko ntagiye kuba mu ishyirahamwe rihanganye kandi ntabwo rizaba. Irashobora kugaragara, umugabane nkuyu. Manika Yesenin ubwe, Mayakovsky yarashe, erega, nanjye ndabifite inzira. "Kugerageza kwiyahura, byakozwe ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1930, ntibyari byambitswe ikamba. Belorus yahatirwa gutangaza ibaruwa yemeye ibyaha maze isezeranya ko ntazongeraho amakosa y'ingengabitekerezo.
Nyuma yo gusaba imbabazi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, abayobozi amaherezo bavaga ya yanke wo mu mujyi uruhutse. Byongeye kandi, mu 1939, umusizi yahawe gahunda ya Lenin, maze mu 1941, igihembo cya Leta cya Usss Ne mu rwego rw'ibitabo, ibyo bita Premiline yashyizwe ahagaragara. Icyegeranyo "kiva ku mutima" (1940) cyari impamvu yo gutanga igihembo.
Mu myaka y'intambara, umusizi yabaye icyamamare ku musigo "Abagize Biyelorusiya". Imirimo yashyizwe ku muziki yabaye indirimbo z'agateganyo, n'imirongo ya mbere - "Abafaransa, Abapinanyi, Abahungu ba Biyelorusiya!" - byabaye nka moteri yo guhamagara "Soviet Biyelorusiya".
Usibye kwandika, Yanka Kupala yishora mu buhinduzi. Murakoze, ibicuruzwa 92 by'abanditsi 36 bivuza mu rurimi rwa Biyelorusiya, harimo n'ijambo ryerekeye umugenzuzi wa Igor, "umutware w'umuringa" Alexander ".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umusanzu w'ingenzi mu buzima bwite no guhanga yankee Kupala yashyize mu muse wa mbere - umukinnyi wa The Mavlin Visanievna Madylka. Ndamushimira, ibisigo "Bondarovna" na "We na njye", umuvugo "Alesya", "we" yagaragaye agira ati: "N'indi.
Urubyiruko rwahuye mu 1909. Impano ya Peacock yashimye umusizi, nuko ashimangira ko uruhare runini mu gukina "Pavlinka". Kandi umukinnyi wa filime yakunze uburyo bwa Pijon: ku mafoto n'amashusho bike by'umusizi birashobora kugaragara ko yambaye urushinge, ahindura ubwanwa kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni kandi akoresha inkoni.
Nta gishya hagati yabantu babiri bahanga, batewe inkunga narwo. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gusezerana na Vladislav Frantznaya Stankevich muri Mutarama 1916 yabaye igitangaza kidashimishije kuri pawoto. Ubukwe bwazanywe i Moscou mu nyanja Petero na Pawulo.
Yanka na Vladislav babayeho imyaka 26, nta bana bafite, nubwo bashakaga gufata umukobwa.
Imyaka 18 nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo we, umugore yabayeho afite ubwogero bw'iteka amukunda. Ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1944, Stankevich yafunguye inzu ndangamurage ya Leta yankee Kupala, ikora ubu.
Urupfu
Urupfu rutunguranye rwibisigo byigihugu bya Biyelorusiya ni abakire mubintu bishimishije, kuva mubihe byabayeho no kurangira nimpamvu y'urupfu. Ku ya 18 Kamena 1942, Yanke Kupala yahamagaye Moscou. Mu rugendo, yahuye n'incuti, yahamagaye isabukuru yimyaka 60, yavugiye udutsima.Ku ya 28 Kamena, nk'uko Abatangabuhamya b'abahozeho mu gihe, umusizi yavuye mu buryo butunguranye, yavuye mu nama yo guhanga, yabereye muri Hotel ya Moscou, afite amagambo ati: "Ndi umunota." Nyuma yigihe gito, haba urusaku muri Tambour, abashyitsi basohoka mucyumba. Basanze yanka kupala yaguye mu gihe cy'imigezi kuva hasi 10 kandi agenda arapfa. Ku isaha ni 22:33.
Hano hari verisiyo 3 zurupfu rwumusizi: amahirwe, kwiyahura n'ubwicanyi. Abahanga mu by'amateka benshi bafite ibya nyuma. Ku mugoroba wo ku mugoroba, umusizi yari afite mu bihe byiza, icyegeranyo cye cy'ibisigo "Abasirikare ba Biyelorusiya" (1942) baratsinze. Byongeye kandi, inkweto z'umugabo zagumye ku ngazi, ashobora gutakaza kurugamba. Babonye Abahamya b'urupfu rw'umusizi n'umugore uhunga.
Igipunge cya Yanka kred, ibisigazwa ku irimbi rya Vagankovsky. Kuva mu 1962, imva ye yari mu mijyi iri mu irimbi rya gisirikare.
Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro imisika y'igihugu, kaminuza, imihanda, kare, sitasiyo ya Metro n'amasomero bitiriwe izina. Mu 1945, yahawe igihembo cy'umudari "kubera umutekano wa Moscou."
Bibliografiya
Icyegeranyo cyibisigo:
- 1908 - "Dudochka" ("Amasengesho")
- 1910 - "Husar"
- 1913 - "Nshuti Ubuzima"
- 1922 - "UMURAGE"
- 1925 - "Amazina"
- 1930 - "Indabyo"
- 1936 - "Indirimbo Yubwubatsi"
- 1937 - "Biyelorusiya"
- 1940 - "Biturutse ku mutima"
- 1942 - "Abasirikare Biyelorusiya"
Ibisigo no gukina:
- 1908 - "Kubera iki?"
- 1910 - "Sinzira i Kurgan"
- 1912 - "Pavlinka"
- 1913 - "Intambara ya Rasky"
- 1913 - "We na I"
- 1922 - "yaho"