Ubuzima
Seneca (Lucius Anne Seineka) - umwanditsi w'Abaroma, Umusizi, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, umunyapolitiki. Numwe mubayoboke bukomeye bwa filozofiya yubuziji, kimwe numwarimu wumwami w'abami Nero.
Lucius Anne Seneca yavutse mu kinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu. Ns. Mu mujyi wa Espagne wa Espagne mu muryango w'agaciro rwose ubw'abatwara. Se wa Seneca-mukuru na nyina Geliviya barize abantu, biga amateka, filozofiya n'imvururu. Nyuma gato, igihe Lucius na mukuru we, Yong Gallion, bari bato, abashakanye bahisemo kwimukira i Roma. Ngaho, gufatana urubyiruko kwari umunyeshuri w'Abaditoma wa Sadin, Sext, Atsal.
Se w'umuhungu yari afite amasano n'amafaranga, ku buryo atashoboraga gukiza imiterere no guteza imbere Umwana. Seneca-Serikuru yahanuye umwana we umwuga mwiza wumwuga. Kandi mubyukuri, tubikesha charisma yumuntu ku giti cye, impano ya oratorical hamwe nibibazo byiza byabanyamategeko ba Seineya Jr. barazamutse.
Ariko indwara itunguranye yasabye kuva muri Egiputa kugarura igihe kirekire, kurenga imigambi yose yo kuba umunyamategeko wa Novuce. Gukomano byaguye gusa, kandi hafi yiyahuye.
Nyuma yo gusubira muri Egiputa kugera i Roma Seneca, itangira kwerekana gahunda iriho mu Bwami bw'Abaroma, abanyapolitiki baguye mu mbogamizi, bashiraho imirimo ijyanye n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire.
Ibikorwa bya Leta
Muri 37, Kaligula yaje kubutegetsi. Ntiyigeze yemera ibikorwa bya Seyans, byafashe icyemezo cyo kumwica. Kandi urubanza rwonyine rwakijije filozofiya kuva ku bihe bibi - nyirabuja wa Oligigily yanze ko umwami w'icyaha Komisiyo ari icyaha, yizera ko loaches izapfa vuba kubera indwara.
Iherezo ry'inama ya Kaligiry ryabaye ku nyanja, Kalawudiyo agera ku butegetsi, butuma imigenzo y'uwahoze ari umwami. Yabeshye kandi kuba umuyobozi w'ikirere, imbaraga n'umugore ukomeye kandi ukomeye ndetse no ku nama z'umugore we Mesiya, yohereje Kayica ku kirwa cya Corsa, aho yagombaga kubana igihe kirekire imyaka 8.
Igitangaje, umugore mushya wa Claudia Agrippine yafashije abayimusya. Muri icyo gihe, umugore ukomeye yari ahangayikishijwe n'ikibazo cyo kuzamuka intebe y'umwana we w'imyaka 12 Nero nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwami. Yahungabanijwe n'Umuhungu wa Claudiya mu bukwe bwa mbere - Abongereza, na we bavugaga ingoma. Niyo mpamvu, akagira ingaruka ku mugabo we, yasubije Mayaca yerekeza Roma - ku buryo yabaye umurezi w'umusore.
Ubushishozi bwa filozofiya ifite impano ntabwo bwanyuze mu mpfabusa - Nero yabaye umwami mukuru kandi uzwi afite imyaka 17. Hamwe n'ubutegetsi bwe, Seneka yakiriye umwanya wo konseul n'imiterere y'umujyanama ushobora byose.
Nkibisanzwe, ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose gifite impande nyinshi: Kuva umwe, yari afite imbaraga zidashira ku mategeko y'umwami, hamwe na gatatu - yari umuntu urwango rw'abantu b'Abaroma kandi Sena. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku cyemezo cye cyo kujya mu kiruhuko cy'izabubu ku bushake muri 64. Yasize umutungo we wose ashyigikira ikigega cya Leta kandi yihishe muri bumwe mu buryo bwe.
Filozofiya n'imivugo
Seneca yubahirije filozofiya yo gukomera. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga iki cyerekezo ni ukutitayeho, kutitabira ibintu, imyifatire ituje ku biti byose byangiza, yica. Biragaragara cyane ko filozofiya ya Stoicism yagaragaye mu itangazo:
"Kugenda bigenda biganisha ku bigendwa."
Kandi Seneca, kuba umusimbura w'iki cyerekezo, yagize ingaruka ku nsanganyamatsiko y'ibyishimo, uburakari, ingeso nziza, imbabazi. Amahirwe ya Seyans yari atandukanye n'ibitekerezo by'abahagarariye ubwenge bw'Abaroma: Yagerageje kumenya ko hari isanzure, ihakanye, yize inyigisho y'ubumenyi.
Igisubizo cyibikorwa bye bya filozofiya ni "amabaruwa mbwirizamuco kuri Lucilia." Muri bo, Stoike yerekanaga ko filozofiya yigisha mbere ya bose gukora, kandi ntatekereze. Filozofiya ntishobora kwishimisha imbaga, ibi ntabwo ari igitaramo. Irimo kandi ikora ubugingo, uburyo bworora ubuzima no gucunga ibikorwa byabantu.
Lucilius numuntu nyawe wari uwitwa Epicurean. Nta binyuranye nk'ibyo mu isi ya kera ari staicism n'ibipimo, byari ibihe by'ingenzi Hedoniya no kwishimira ubuzima. Abatini ni abantu babayeho bitemba cyane bagerageza kugenzura amarangamutima n'ibyifuzo byabo.
Seneki afite akazi kenshi ko kwitangira ibibazo byimyitwarire, nk'urugero, "kubyerekeye uburakari". Muri yo, yavuze ko ari ngombwa kudashyira uburakari muri we gusa, ahubwo no kwamamaza urukundo rwa bagenzi bacu. Muyindi mirimo, umugabo yavuze ku mbabazi - burigihe azana umunezero, utuze muri buri rugo. Kugirira imbabazi cyane mu nzu ya cyami, aho mubisanzwe ari umushyitsi udasanzwe.
Muri rusange, ibihugu bya Seneki birimo amakuru 12 - twavuze haruguru "uburakari", "ku mutumanaho w'umwuka", "ku buzima bushimishije", hakorwa uburemere 3 - "kubyerekeye imbabazi", " kubyerekeye ibikorwa byiza "," ubushakashatsi bwa kamere ". Byongeye kandi, filozofiya yanditse ibyago 9 bishingiye ku migani. Agarial imirimo izwi cyane ni "Edip", "Agarion", "Fedra" n'abandi.
Abayo mugihe bashima cyane cyane amagambo yubwenge namagambo yimbitse adatakaza akamaro kabo muri iki gihe. Ibitabo hamwe nibikorwa bye byacapwe neza kandi bikagurisha kugeza ubu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Izwi cyane kuba Seneki yari afite byibuze umugore umwe - Pompei Paulina, wari wikubye kabiri wa filozofiya. Icyakora, abahanga mu by'amateka bazahinda imicori y'igihe abashakanye bashyingiwe kandi niba abagore ba Seneki bagombaga kuba Paulina. Nk'uko abanditsi ba kera babitangaza, Pompey - Umugore wa kabiri w'umufilozofiya, bamusanze mu rugo, Seinee yari afite imyaka irenga 50.
Iki gitekerezo kinyuranye nuko muri datise "ku burakari" ku mujinya "umwanditsi avuga akamenyero ko buri mugoroba wo gusesengura imbere y'umugore we washize. Ikosa ryanditswe mu mwami w'abami wa Claudia, igihe Lace yari afite imyaka 40. Dukurikije verisiyo ya kabiri, filozofiya yashakanye na Panina saa 36 kandi yabanye na we mu rukundo no mu mwuga kugeza apfuye.
Ibyo ari byo byose, umubare w'Abashyingiranywe n'umwaka w'ubukwe kuri Pompei ntibigaragaye ku mugaragaro - iyi page y'amayira ya filozofiya ntabwo yatangajwe byimazeyo. Ubuzima bwihariye bwubwenge buzakomeza kuba ibanga kubasobeye. Ariko ibyingenzi kandi bidahungabana ni uko urukundo rwabagore muri Seinee rwitanga kandi rukagira urugwiro, ndetse yiyemeje kugeza apfuye hamwe nuwo bashakanye.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umusizi kandi wa filozofiya yari kutihanganira Umwami w'abami Nero ku bwahoze ari umurezi. Umugambi wa Pizon uvutse mu 65 wagaragaje, kandi izina rya Seneki ryagaragaye rwose, nubwo nta muntu wamushinjaga. Iyi yabaye iyo mpamvu ya Nero gusezera kuri filozofiya - yategetse Senecé guca imitsi.
Urupfu Lusiya yavuze ko Tacito. Ku bwe, yakatiwe mu minota mikuru y'ubuzima byari bikomeye kandi ituze, we ubwe yashishikarije inshuti nyinshi, yagoretse rimwe - igihe yagonganye na umugore we Paulina. Yagerageje kumuhumuriza, ariko umugore yahisemo kumukurikira. Paulina yarahagaze mu gihe, arokoka umugabo we imyaka itari mike.
Seneca, kuba stoike, ntabwo atanga gutitira gukata imitsi, ariko kubera gusaza no kumaraso amaraso make ntabwo yapfuye. Umugabo yategetse abagaragu be kumutera kwiyuhagira kandi, guhumeka hamwe n'abashakanye bashyushye kandi basuka amaraso manini, barapfa.
Amagambo
Ubukuru bwibintu bimwe na bimwe bigizwe cyane nubunini, ahubwo bigizwe nigihe. Niba ushaka kubaho wenyine, uba mu maboko yawe. Niba uyumunsi uzashingikiriza cyane ejo. Mugihe dusubiyeho ubuzima bwawe, burarengana. Birasabwa, nubwo atari icyaha kiracyari icyaha.Bibliografiya
- AD 40 - "Ihumure kuri Marque"
- 41 - "Ibyerekeye Uburakari"
- 42 AD - "Ihumure kuri Geliviya"
- AD 44 - "Ihumure kuri Polybia"
- 49 - "Ku buzima bugufi"
- 62 - "kubyerekeye imyidagaduro"
- 63 AD - "Ku buruhukiro bwo mu mwuka" cyangwa "kubyerekeye amahoro yo mu mutima"
- 64 - "Ku Providence"
- Amatangazo 65 - "Ku kwihangana kw'ubwenge"
- Amatangazo 65 - "Ku buzima bushimishije"