Ubuzima
Alisher Navoi ni umusizi ukomeye wa Turkiya, utekereza, rusange n'umunyapori mu kinyejana cya XVI. Yasize mu mateka nk'umwanditsi w'indashyikirwa, wanditse ku ndimi za Persian (Farsi) n'indimi za Turkiya. Turashimira ibishya-tuvuga, Navoi asuzume imyifatire yubuvanganzo bwabantu benshi bo muri Aziya. Kurugero, muri Uzubekisitani Navoi nuwashinze ururimi rwigihugu rwubuvanganzo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
LyomidIn Mir Alisher yavutse ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1441 i Getrat. Muri iyo minsi, Herat yari umurwa mukuru wa Horasani (ubu rero, Uzubekisitani ya Uzubekisitani igezweho na Irani) - intara nkigice cya Maverannahra, leta yaremwe na Amir Tirur.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo kuganira baracyafite inkomoko ya alisheri navoi. Ababona bafatwa nk'urusiyo 2: nk'uko uwambere, ni ukomoka kuri UYGUR BAKHSHI (Sauzhalteros), abiteganya, we ubwe yari afite.
Niyo mpamvu umwanya wihariye wa se - Hyryasidnin Kickin, wabaye umuyobozi mu gikari cya Timalide, yari umuntu wo kumurikirwa, kuva ku ngoma yize. Umwe mu banyarugo Alisher yari umusizi, uwa kabiri - umucuranzi na Calligrapher.
Kuba umuhungu w'urugo, umuhungu yakuze mu ngoro y'Umutegetsi wa Hourasan, aho yabaye inshuti na Tsarevich Hussein Baikara - umwuzukuru wa Omar Sheikh, umuhungu wa kabiri wa Tipur. Nyuma, inshuti zize hamwe muri Madrasa ya Gerat, aho byombi byagaragarije urukundo sinabumenyi zubutabazi, byumwihariko mubusizi nubuvanganzo.
Amakuru aturuka kwandika umaze kumara imyaka 15 alisher yanditse ibisigo bitangaje. Umwe mu barigisha ba Navoi yabaye umusizi uzwi cyane w'Abaperesi - mystic, sufi jami. Mu 1466-1469, umusore ufite impano yize muri Sashasand na Sashad na Sashad na Sashad na Sashes - umurwa mukuru wa Leta ya Tirurid, mu filozofiya, logique, imibare n'ubundi bumenyi. Hanyuma asubira muri Herata ye kavukire kwitwa inshuti yumwana Hussein Baikary, icyo gihe niko intebe ya Elise yazimye.
Ibikorwa bya Leta
Sultan Hussein yegereye inshuti ye yakundaga, amushyireho umurwanyi kandi aha izina rya Emir muri 1472. Baikara yashimye impano n'ubushobozi bwa Navoi, ubu washakaga gushyira mu murimo. Alisher yashyigikiye umutegetsi mu ivugurura ryinshi, ariko inkunga ye yaka yagaragaye mu gutera imbere y'ubuzima bw'umuco bwa herat. Muri iyi Baamara yemeranijwe na Navoi, we ubwe yanditse ibisigo munsi y'izina rya Husaine kandi ashishikariza ibikorwa by'abahanga ndetse n'abantu baremye.
Hari mu gihe cya Navoi muri Herata umuryango w'abasizi (Navoi, Abanyamateka (Mirchund, abahanzi, abahanzi, abahanzi (Camalidini Behzod) n'abandi barateguwe.
Hamwe na Navoi muri Horasan, imisigitire irenga 20, 10 Khanakov (ubuturo rwo muri Sufis), ibyuzi 20, ibiraro 16, ababakwaga, Mausoleum yubatswe. Hariho kugarura inyubako nyinshi za vintage. Rero, mu mbari ya Navoi - kugarura umusigiti wa kateddali ya Herat XIII. Kubakwa cyane bikubiyemo ubwubatsi butera imbere, inyubako ishushanya umuhamagaro mwiza wicyo gihe.
Vizier atezimbere ubukorikori: kuboha, umugozi, umubumbyi n'imitako. Herat yahindutse umuco wateye imbere nubukorikori bwuburasirazuba. Ibintu byinshi, nk'uko byamateka bivuga ku mafaranga ye kandi bigakora ibikorwa byinshi by'urukundo ku bakene: gutanga imyenda yatanzwe, bateguwe, bategura ifunguro rya sasita kubakeneye.
Muri biografiya ya Navoi yivuguruza nyinshi. Kurugero rero, kimwe cyangwa ibindi bintu mubuzima bwe birasobanurwa ukundi. Noneho, hari amakuru avuga ko, adateguye imizigo ya leta, umuyobozi azagura kandi akikorera guhanga cyane. Andi makuru avuga ko, Navoi amaze kwegura, Navoi aracyakomeza kuba umwizerwa kuri Sultan uyobowe n'urukiko kandi akomeza kumufasha mu gucunga igihugu.
Birazwi kandi ko hashyizweho ishyirwaho rya Alishei Navoi na Guverineri w'ikigo cya Astrabad cya Horasan muri 1487. Ariko, abahanga benshi bafata iki cyerekezo cyintara itumva kubutaka bwo gukonjesha hagati yumutegetsi niyerekwa ryayo ryizerwa. Abandi, ku rundi ruhande, bagaragaza iki gisubizo bakurikije ikizere kidasanzwe cya Sultan ku nshuti y'ubwana.
Ibyo ari byo byose, mu 1488, umusizi arangije gukurwa mubintu rusange kandi akemura muri Herata kugirango akumire impano yubuvanganzo.
Kurema
Birazwi ko guhanga umusizi mu ndimi ebyiri - Turukiya munsi yizina rya Pseudonym . Kubuzima bwe, Navoi yanditse i galele zirenga 3.000 (Ibisigo by'amadozi), byagahujwe no gukusanya ibintu bidasanzwe - sohasi.
Umurimo uzwi cyane wa Navoi ni "Hamsa", cyangwa "Piziaitesa" - Inama Ibisigo 5 byanditswe n'Umwanditsi w'imisoro y'Ubuperesi by Nizami Gajevi, yaremye "Pattitsa" muri XII ikinyejana.
Muri Hamsu, Navoi ikubiyemo ibisigo "kwitiranya abakiranutsi", "abigiramonyo na Medezhnnun", "Urukuta rwa Iskander", rwanditswe mu bihe bitandukanye. Igikorwa cya mbere cyumusizi wumusizi wanditse muri 1483, gishobora kwitwa imibereho-filozofiya. Navoi asobanura ibyabaye muri leta: kubabika by'urupfu, intambara zidakabije, gukandamizwa kw'abakene, ndetse bitanga iri suzuma ryimyitwarire.
Mu 1484 umwanditsi yanditse ibisigo byurukundo "ubumuntu na Medezhnnun" na "Farhad na Shirin", bakoresheje intego zimigani. Muri ibyo bikorwa, umusizi ashima gusa ibyiyumvo by'abakunda gusa, ahubwo yashimye kandi ibibazo by'amadini, ubusumbane bw'imibereho, abakene. Nanone muri iki gihe, igisigo "Imibumbe irindwi" yanditswe, muri byo, muri byo, umwanditsi anenga abahagarariye imiryango ikibumbanyi.
Hanyuma, igisigo cya gatanu cyahindutse "urukuta rwa Iskander" kubyerekeye ubuzima bw'umuyobozi w'icyamamare n'uwatsinze Alexander Makedysky, uzwi mu burasirazuba nka Iskander Zulkarnine. Iherezo rya 80 - intangiriro ya 90 irangwa nakazi ku mirimo y'amateka. Navoi yandika "inkuru y'abategetsi ba Ajama", "amateka y'abami bo muri Irani" kandi "amateka y'abahanuzi n'abanyamisiri" ku bijyanye n'ubutaka buzwi bwo mu burasirazuba. Kandi, umusizi arema ubuzima bwa mwarimu we na Jami - "p plystritsa wo kubabazwa" (1492).
Bitewe n'ubuzima bwe Navoi ni umugezi w'igitekerezo cya sofa ", aho afcos akusanyijwe:" Ibitangaza byo mu bwana "," butunganye bw'urubyiruko rwagati ", kandi" inkombe Bya kera ". Uyu murimo wateranije ingamba zirenga 2.600 zifatwa nk'icyitegererezo cyerekana amagambo ya Navoi, wazamuye ubwinshi bw'imvugo y'amababa, amagambo na aphorisms. Amagambo ya Nacoi aratangaje n'ubwiza, imivugo n'amashusho.
"Ijuru ryakiriye umuriro, iyo itara ntabwo ari Zarnitsa,Kandi urumuri rw'ijisho risobanutse ni uwawe - hamwe na we izuba ntirwagereranya.
Kandi mbega icyuma kidafite ibimenyetso byumurabyo,
Nkunda urukundo rwanjye, roho yanjye iranyeganyega. "
Nta guhangana na Navoi kuri Farsi. Kuzwi inshuro 3 yibisigo mu Buperesi: "Abanyacyubahiro batandatu", "ibihe bine byumwaka" na "Sofa Fani". Ibikorwa bigezweho bya Navoi byabaye ibisigo "inyoni" (1499), umurimo wa filozofiya n'umubiri, hamwe na disikuru "imitima ikundwa" (1500), uhereye kubitekerezo, ukurikije umusizi, umutegetsi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Alisher Navoi yari ay'uko wa Sufi gahunda ya Nobcband, yari umuntu wubaha Imana kandi yemerwa ku bushake, ntabwo yashakanye, ntabwo yari azi umunezero wo kuvuka kw'abana. Nkumusizi wa Tirurid akaba umutegetsi wahiridin babur yavuze kuri we mu gisigo cya Epic "Babnam":
"Nta muhungu, udafite umukobwa, yagiye mu isi, irungu kandi irungu."Hariho imigani imwe yerekeye ubuzima bwite bw'umusizi, buvuga ko mu busore bwe, Alisheri Navoi na Hussein Baikara barakundana n'umukobwa umwe - Guli. Abanyacyubahiro Navoi ntibashoboraga gukorera inshuti kandi bakemeza ubwiza bwumugore wa Hussein. Byemezwa ko gukunda umusizi wa Guli byatewe mubuzima bwose.
Mubisigo bye bwite, umusizi aramagana irungu ndetse akanandika imirongo myiza:
"Umuntu wese yahisemo ibizabaho byose -Ntabwo ari umuntu: yambuye umusaruro.
We hamwe nabantu - Umwe, iminsi yose y'uburakari bwe:
Niba mwumvise ukuboko gusa. "
Alisher Navoi abo mu gihe cyitwa umuntu ufite imico itoroshye, yakatiye cyane ndetse no kwiyemera.
Ati: "Yari umuntu mu rwego rwo hejuru rworoshye kandi afite uburere buhebuje," buraranga Alisher Babur, "asaba ko abantu bose bitwara kimwe, bityo bakamugora kubana nabo."Amashusho yumusizi, akurikije abahanga mu by'amateka, kohereza ishingiro rya kamere y'umwanditsi.
Urupfu
Alisher Navoi yapfuye ku ya 3 Mutarama 1501 muri Herat, acika intege kubera indwara ndende. Mbere y'urupfu rwe, yimutse avuye mu burambanyi bw'isi kandi bwabayeho mu Kagari kuri Mausoleum y'Umwarimu we wa Sufi.
Umugabo yari yagiye, asiga inyuma yumurage ukize: imirimo igera kuri 30 - ibisigo, ibisigo, ibisigo. Imirimo yacyo yahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi z'isi, n'ibitabo n'ibitabo byandikishijwe intoki bibikwa mu masomero nini ku isi.
Umusizi Umusizi washinzwe muri Tashkent, Moscou, Baku, Shanghai, Washington n'indi mijyi yo ku isi. Mu 1991, igiceri cy'amakariso cyerekanwe na Alishei Navoi cyasohotse mu isabukuru ya 550 umusizi.
Amagambo
Ukuboko, ibice by'amakara biragwa, biba umukara,Ubugingo, hamwe n'abantu b'inshuti mibi, bahinduka amakimbirane. Bose batanga, kwiyanga, - ibi ni ubuntu ku ngamba,Gukora nk'ibyo, guceceka gusa, - Izi ni urugero rw'ubutwari. Ku isi yo kwiyunga muri wowe ubwawe, saa mwami, ntabwo tutangwa:
Ubwato bubiri bufata hejuru - bazatora uko byagenda kose. Igikonoshwa, washakaga ubuziraherezo mu mpunge z'isi,
Umupfayongo yarebye kuri Maleki mu mitima y'abantu.
Bibliografiya
- 1483 - "FARHAE na Shirin"
- 1483 - "Leila na Medezhn"
- 1483 - "Imibumbe irindwi"
- 1485 - "Urukuta rwa Iskander"
- 1488 - "Amateka y'Abategetsi ba Ajama"
- 1498 - "Ububiko bwibitekerezo"
- 1499 - "Inyoni zifatika"
- 1500 - "Imitima ikundwa"