Ubuzima
"Konk-Gorboon" ni kimwe mu gukundwa cyane mu Burusiya no mu karere ka nyuma ya Somatiet y'imirimo y'abana bo mu kigero cy'ishuri ribanza. Basogokuru na basogokuru basoma uyu mugani w'isi, yakuwe kuri gahunda y'ishuri arabihindura. Iherezo rya Peter Ershov, "se" w'ifarashi - inyeshyamba, ntabwo rigoye kuruta amateka yo kurema n'ibitabo byumugani wumugani.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Peter Pavlovich Ershov yavutse ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1815 mu mudugudu wa Bezrukovo Intara ya Bezrulk (ubu ubu akarere ka Tyumen). Nyina w'Umusizi w'ejo hazaza, Eutemy Vasilyevna, yakomokaga mu muryango w'abacuruzi. Padiri Pavel Alekseevich yafashe umwanya wo gukosora.
Mu bwana, Petero yari umunyantege nke, kandi Ershov yatinyaga ubuzima bwe. Kuva kwiheba, ndetse bahisemo ku muhango wa kimwe cya kabiri bavuga "kugurisha" by'umwana: umwana ubabaza "yatanze" ku giceri. Birumvikana ko umwana yagumanye n'ababyeyi be, n'umukene, nk'uko byari bimeze, amwambura iyo ndwara.
Kubera umurimo wa se, umuryango wakunze kwimuka, kandi imyaka 8 yambere umusizi uzaza aba muri Omsk na Petropavlovsk. Hanyuma, mu 1924, se yohereje Petero na murumuna we Nicholas to Tobolsk, kugira ngo abahungu bahuguwe muri siporo. Kubwimara rero, abahungu bagombaga kubaho bayobowe n'ababyeyi babo, mu muryango wa nyirarume, umucuruzi wa Nikolai Stepanovich Pilenkov. We, umukire na Patron, bari abasefeti cyane.
Undi muntu wagize uruhare mu buzima bwa Peter ni umuyobozi wa Gymnasium Ivan Mendeleev, se wa chimiste akomeye Mendleev. Hamwe na we, Ershov yaje kuba inshuti ndetse akanamuha umuvandimwe kumupfakazi kumurongora.
Nyuma yo kurangiza siporo, abavandimwe Ersshov bakomeje kwiga muri kaminuza ya Imperial St. Petersburg, nk'uko se yoherejwe gukora mu murwa mukuru. Nyuma yaho, Petero yatangaga amashuri makuru mu myaka 20 gusa, nubwo yari afite uburangare: nyuma yo kurekura, ntabwo yari azi ururimi rumwe rw'amahanga, nubwo yize mu mashami y'abahanga mu mateka na Filogiya.
Kurema
"Konk-Gorboon," wazanye Peter wamamaye yanditswe n'umusizi ukiri muto mu myaka ya munyeshuri. Ubwa mbere, i St. Petersburg, byari bigoye ku musore: mu murwa mukuru, Cholera Busheva, abantu bubaka. Ibi byose byatanze ibitekerezo bitesha umutwe kuri Yershov.
Hanyuma yabaye igitekerezo cyamateka, imico nyamukuru izaba inyangamugayo kandi ikwiye. Ibice by'ibisigo bya "Konk-Gorbok" byabonetse, tubikesha Peter Alexandrovich Pletnev, Umuyobozi wa kaminuza na Porofeseri w'ubuvanganzo bw'Uburusiya. Yerekanye umunyeshuri ku munyeshuri wa Yerursshov Sergeevich Cushkin, kandi umwanditsi wa Novice yaje gufata umwanzuro ku cyerekezo gitangaje cy'umugambi n'ibisigo.
Igihe "Konk-Gorbok" yarangiye, Petero yahaye igisigo ku rukiko Alexandre Pushkin na Vesily Zhukovsky, hamwe na bo yegereye kwiga. Umugani we wateje kwemezwa n'umuyaga, maze futikin yavuze ko nyuma ya Skate-Gorboon, ntiyagishoboye guhangayikishwa n'inzira nziza kandi ikava muri ubu buryo bw'iyi nzira.
Nyuma gato, inzira yo kuva umugani, Yershov, yasomwe mu ishami rya kaminuza ubwe, hanyuma ikindi gice cya "skate ..." cyatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya buri kwezi "Isomero ryo gusoma" mu 1834. Intsinzi yateje ko mu Kwakira 1834 umugani wumugirirane wasohotse. Igitabo cya mbere cya Peter Yershova cyagurishijwe ku giciro cya 5 kuri buri kopi.
Ukwezi kumwe, Petero yatsinze intsinzi - mu icapiro, igice cya mbere cy '"umusaza" cyatanzwe, ballads "Cossack" ya Siberiya ", hanyuma icya kabiri. Uyu murimo nawo watsinze: Mu myaka ya 1840, "Excellence" yabaye indirimbo ya sisitemu yo muri gahunda ya 2 ya Siberiya. Ntibibagiwe "cospack" ya Siberian "nyuma - mugukora umuziki, abaririmbyi benshi nabaririmbyi bakorerwana ballad ballad, barimo Nadezhda baby.
Intsinzi "Skate-Gorbunk" yakinguye urugi umwanditsi ukiri muto muri St. Petersburg. Petero yatangiye kujya mu nama z'abanditsi, azi neza abo mukorana mu mahugurwa atekereza ko umuhamagaro we uzandika imirimo.
Ariko, nk'urugomo kandi, ahari, mu bwana bwakoresheje mu ntara, Ershov yananiwe gusuzuma isano yuzuye n'imiterere ya politiki muri Leta. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Guverinoma yabonye imyifatire yo gusuzugura imbaraga z'umwami muri "Skate-Gorbunke", maze igitabo cyagaragaye kibujijwe gutangaza. Kubwibyo, nubwo yakunzwe imigani, yerekanaga "skate ..." mu 1856 gusa nyuma yo guhindura umwami.
Ukuri kwishimishije: Opala amaze gutera, Peter Pavlovich mu 1857 yahise ashyirwa ku rutonde rw'abantu bakwiriye kwigirira icyizere. Byongeye kandi, umwanditsi nkubwoko bwiza, bwubwenge kandi w'inyangamugayo yaranzwe. Abakenguzamateka bakiriye imigani inshuro ebyiri: yaraciwe ubuyambaro. Mu bantu "Konk-Gorbok" ntibakunze kuryoherwa, bari vissarion Belinsky, watsinze umurimo w'umwanditsi mu ngingo ye.
Mu bihe biri imbere, ershov yaburanishijwe mu nzego zitandukanye: yanditse imivugo y'impapuro nto kandi nini, yahimbye imirimo itangaje. Ariko, intsinzi ya "skate ..." ntishobora gusubiramo na kimwe mubikorwa bye byakurikiyeho. Ibisigo bya Petra byari byiciro byibya kabiri kandi bifite imiterere itunganye ntabwo byateje abasomyi bangije imivugo ya zahabu, nta nyungu zabo.
Umusizi wagerageje gusubira muri "ubwoko bwa rubanda" maze afata inyandiko y'isiya Ivan-Tsarevich. Ariko ibisubizo byakazi byimazeyo ershov ntabwo byakunze, kandi yarimbuye inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki. Nanone, Petero yagerageje kwandika Libretto kuri Opera afite inkuru nziza "inkota y'inka". Akazi gakomeye cyane, ariko ku mucyo ntibyabimenyesheje - Opera nshya Mikhail Glinka "Ubuzima bw'umwami" bwatumye umurimo wa Yershov bitari ngombwa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwa Peter Pavlovich, hanze yo guhanga, ntikwari byoroshye. Hagati mu 1830, umusore yagombaga kuva mu murwa mukuru: Yabanje gupfa musaza we, hanyuma ngo "Data, kandi umuntu yagombaga gufata nyina kwitaho. Ershov yasubiye i Tobolsk, aho yakiriye umwanya wa mwarimu tobolsk gymnasium. Mu ikubitiro, Petero yateganyaga kuba umwigisha wa josbost, ariko iyi nyandiko ntiyabonetse. Kubwibyo, nagombaga kwigisha abashakashatsi b'ikilatini, Petero ubwe atigeze akunda na gato.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mama, umugabo yatekerezaga cyane gusubira i St. Petersburg, ariko ibintu byihariye byagize: Petero yakunze. Umupfakazi yabaye umupfakazi wa Serafim Leshchev, wari umaze abana bane. Ubukwe bwamaze imyaka 5, umugore apfa kubyara. Ershov yashakanye na olempike ya Kuzmin, ariko ubu bukwe bwarangiye mu 1853 kubera urupfu rw'uwo mwashakanye.
Peter Pavlovich inshuro nyinshi, Petero pavlovich ntagitakaza ibyiringiro byo kubona umunezero mubuzima bwe bwite, kandi amaherezo arabicunga. Hamwe n'umugore wa gatatu, Elena Cherkasy yabayeho kugeza ubuzima bwe. Muri rusange, abana 15 bavukiye mu bashakanye, abana 15 baravutse, ariko mbere yuko benshi babana bane gusa.
Umwuga wa Peter Pavlovich nk'umwarimu, nubwo badakunda Ikilatini, wagenze neza. Nyuma yimyaka 8 akora, yabaye umugenzuzi wa Gymnasium ya Tobolsk, na nyuma yimyaka 21 akora mbere yinyandiko yubuyobozi.
Serivise ya Ershov yishyuye umwanya munini no kwitabwaho: ntibigarukira gusa kuri siporo, Peter Pavloevich yashinze amashuri menshi mashya, harimo n'inzego z'uburezi mu bihe. Yanditse kandi inyandiko ku nsanganyamatsiko ya Pedagogi, yatangije imitwe yo mu mikino ngororamubiri muri siporo, kuboga ubwanditse banditse.
Urupfu
Impamvu nyayo ya Peter Pavlovich yapfuye ntikiramenyekana. Mbere y'abazabakomokaho, amakuru yageze kuri iyo myaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima umugabo yarwaye indwara y'amazi, aho umubare munini w'amazi akusanya mu nda. Nubwo ibimenyetso bibabaza, Ershov yari amaze gukomeza kugira umuntu ukomeye kandi ari umuntu ukomeye.
Peter Pavlovich Ershov yapfuye ku ya 18 Kanama 1869 muri Tobolsk. Imva yumusizi iherereye irimbi ryaho rinanga. Ku mva hari inyandiko, ivuga ko munsi niyo yandika umugani "Konk-Gorbok".
Nyuma y'urupfu, kumenya guhanga ERSHOV byaje kuba hejuru kuruta mubuzima. Mu guha icyubahiro, imihanda yo muri Tobolsk na Arama ntabwo yitiriwe, kandi umudugudu kavukire wa Bezrukovo yahinduwe amazina ya Ershovo mu 1960. Peter Pavlovich yashyizeho inzibutso 2 na bust. Byongeye kandi, birashoboka kubona igitekerezo cyo kugaragara k'umwanditsi kubera amashusho menshi yashushanijwe mubuzima.
Bibliografiya
- 1834 - "Konk-Gorbok"
- 1834 - "Cossack ya Siberiya"